Seat No.: ________ Enrolment No.

___________

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

BE- SEMESTER–V (NEW) EXAMINATION – WINTER 2020
Subject Code:3151104 Date:01/02/2021
Subject Name:Analog and Digital Communication
Time:10:30 AM TO 12:30 PM Total Marks: 56
Instructions:
1. Attempt any FOUR questions out of EIGHT questions.
2. Make suitable assumptions wherever necessary.
3. Figures to the right indicate full marks.

MARKS
Q.1 (a) Draw the detailed Block Diagram of Communication 03
System.
(b) Why is Modulation required in Communication? Discuss 04
in detail.
(c) (i) Discuss Channel Capacity relative to Channel 04
Bandwidth and Signal Power.
(ii) Discuss the Trade off between Bandwidth and SNR. 03

Q.2 (a) Compare Analog and Digital Communication. 03

(b) A certain transmitter radiates 9kW with the carrier 04
unmodulated and 10.125kW when the carrier is
sinusoidally modulated. Calculate the modulation index.
If another sine wave is simultaneously transmitted with
modulation index 0.4, determine the total radiated power.
(c) Derive expression of Total transmission bandwidth 07
required for DSBSC and SSB in terms of modulating
signal frequency. Make suitable comment for bandwidth
efficient Amplitude Modulation.
Q.3 (a) Compare Amplitude Modulation and Angle Modulation. 03
(b) Given modulating bit stream is 10010011. Draw the 04
ASK,FSK and BPSK signals. Also draw the waveforms
for carrier and modulating bit stream.
(c) Draw and explain every block in Superheterodyne 07
receivers.

Q.4 (a) Enlist various methods of FM generation. Explain any 03

one of them.
(b) Explain QPSK modulator with schematic diagram. 04
(c) Explain Preemphasis and Deemphasis in FM 07
broadcasting with block diagram , filter circuits and
frequency response.
Q.5 (a) Draw the detailed block diagram of PCM. 03
(b) Calculate the bit rate for T1 carrier system. 04
(c) Explain DPCM with block diagram. 03

With mathematical analysis prove that SQNR is 04

improved in DPCM as compared to PCM.

Q.6 (a) State ‘Sampling Theorem’. Discuss Nyquist Rate of 03

1
 sampling.
(b) A message signal x(t) band limited to 3 KHz is sampled 04
at a rate 33.34 % higher than the Nyquist rate. Calculate
the sampling rate. The maximum acceptable error in the
sample amplitude (the maximum quantization error) is
0.5% of the peak amplitude mp . The quantized samples
are binary coded. Find the bit rate. Find the minimum
bandwidth of a channel required to transmit the coded
binary signal. If 24 such signals are time division
multiplexed, determine the maximum transmission
bandwidth required to transmit the multiplexed signal.
(c) Explain ‘Slope Overload’ with diagram. 04
Derive the condition to avoid slope overload considering 03
x(t)=A cos(ɷm t) as input signal, δ as step size and Ts as
sampling interval.
Q.7 (a) Enlist the properties of Line Codes. 03
(b) Explain how to read an eye diagram. 04
(c) Explain Data Scrambling with suitable example. 07

Q.8 (a) Give the full forms of (i) ISI (ii) PSD (iii) AMI 03
(b) Draw the signals for Unipolar NRZ, Unipolar RZ, Polar 04
NRZ, Polar RZ for 10100111 data.
(c) Explain Clock Recovery in PCM system. 07

*************

2
Seat No.: ________ Enrolment No.___________

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

BE - SEMESTER–V (NEW) EXAMINATION – WINTER 2021
Subject Code:3151104 Date:27/12/2021
Subject Name:Analog and Digital Communication
Time:02:30 PM TO 05:00 PM Total Marks: 70
Instructions:
1. Attempt all questions.
2. Make suitable assumptions wherever necessary.
3. Figures to the right indicate full marks.
4. Simple and non-programmable scientific calculators are allowed.

MARKS
Q.1 (a) “If SNR=∞ Can we achieve Channel Capacity C=∞ Practically?” 03
Justify according to shanon’s equation.
(b) Briefly describe the types of sampling and its importance. 04

(c) Explain Time Division Multiplexing for PCM in T1 carrier systems. 07

Q.2 (a) “VSB is clever compromise between SSB and DSB for Broadcast 03
Television” Justify.
(b) Explain briefly w.r.to eye diagram. 04
(i) Sensitivity to timing Jitter(ii)Level crossing Jitter.(Timing
Jitter)
(c) Briefly Describe L-carrier hierarchical long haul analog telephone 07
FDM system.
OR
(c) Briefly Describe Signal-Squaring Method of carrier regeneration using 07
PLL at the DSB-SC receiver.
Q.3 (a) Show that any scheme that can be used to generate DSB-SC can also 03
generate AM.
(b) Determine ɳ and percentage of the total power carried by the side bands 04
of the AM wave for tone modulation when µ=0.6 and µ=0.4

(c) Describe SSB generation using the phase shift method. 07

OR
Q.3 (a) Show that any scheme that can be used to demodulate DSB-SC can 03
also demodulate AM.
(b) A signal m(t) of Bandwidth B=4kHz is transmitted using a binary 04
companded PCM with µ=100.Compare the case of L=64 and L=256
from the point of view of transmission bandwith and the output SNR.

(c) Explain the Armstrong indirect FM transmitter with neat sketch. 07

Q.4 (a) Compare DPCM and PCM. 03

(b) Determine the output SNR of a linear delta modulation system for a 04
2KHz sinusoidal input signal sampled at 64KHz. Neglect slope
overload distortion and the post reconstruction filter has a bandwidth
of 4KHz.

1
 (c) Explain delta sigma Modulator operation with block diagram. 07

OR
Q.4 (a) Compare DM and ADM. 03
(b) A TV signal having a bandwidth of 4.2MHz is transmitted using binary 04
PCM system. Given that the number of quantization level is 512
.Calculate(i)Codewardlength(ii)Transmission Bandwidth.

(c) Explain GMSK. 07

Q.5 (a) Mention Nyquist first criteria for zero ISI. 03

(b) Briefly discuss the PSD of Digital Carrier Modulation. 04
(c) Explain BPSK modulation with neat sketch. 07
OR
Q.5 (a) What do you mean by bit scrambling. 03
(b) Compare RZ and NRZ line codes. 04
(c) Explain QPSK modulation with neat sketch. 07

*************

2
 Seat No.: ________ Enrolment No.___________

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

BE - SEMESTER–V (NEW) EXAMINATION – WINTER 2022
Subject Code:3151104 Date:11-01-2023
Subject Name:Analog and Digital Communication
Time:10:30 AM TO 01:00 PM Total Marks:70
Instructions:
1. Attempt all questions.
2. Make suitable assumptions wherever necessary.
3. Figures to the right indicate full marks.
4. Simple and non-programmable scientific calculators are allowed.
MARKS
Q.1 (a) Define: Modulation, SNR and Channel capacity. 03
(b) Explain Noise immunity of digital signals. 04
(c) Explain the classification of signals. 07

Q.2 (a) Explain DSB amplitude modulation with necessary figures. 03

(b) Explain PLL. 04
(c) Write a note on Envelope detector. 07
OR
(c) VSB is a clever compromise between SSB and DSB for broadcast 07
television. Justify.

Q.3 (a) State the unique features of FM. 03

(b) How the FM waves are generated? 04
(c) Explain Preemphasis and Deemphasis in FM broadcasting. 07
OR
Q.3 (a) What is modulation index for FM? 03
(b) Write a note on demodulation of FM. 04
(c) Write a note on FM receiver. 07

Q.4 (a) State and prove Sampling theorem. 03

(b) What is interpolation? Explain signal reconstruction using the 04
interpolation formula.
(c) State the advantages of Digital Communication. 07
OR
Q.4 (a) What is Companding? 03
(b) How to remove the disadvantage of thresholding of coding and 04
overloading found in Delta modulation?
(c) Write a note on Differential Pulse Code Modulation. 07

Q.5 (a) What is scrambling? Draw a typical scrambler and descrambler. 03

(b) What is an Eye diagram? Explain with example. 04
(c) Explain the components of digital communication system. 07
OR
Q.5 (a) What do you understand by M-ary communication? 03
(b) Compare ASK and FSK. 04
(c) Draw and explain a Regenerative Repeater in detail. 07

*****************

1
Seat No.: ________ Enrolment No.___________

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

BE - SEMESTER–V (NEW) EXAMINATION – WINTER 2023
Subject Code:3151104 Date:11-12-2023
Subject Name:Analog and Digital Communication
Time:10:30 AM TO 01:00 PM Total Marks:70
Instructions:
1. Attempt all questions.
2. Make suitable assumptions wherever necessary.
3. Figures to the right indicate full marks.
4. Simple and non-programmable scientific calculators are allowed.

MARKS
Q.1 (a) Define following: 03
1) Amplitude modulation 2) Frequency modulation
3) Phase modulation
(b) State any four benefits of Modulation. 04
(c) Draw and Explain block diagram of Communication System. 07

Q.2 (a) Show difference between AM and FM system. 03

(b) Discuss under modulation (undershoot), perfect modulation and over 04
modulation (overshoot) for various value of modulation index.
(c) How AM waves are detected in Envelop Detector method. 07
OR
(c) The antenna current of an AM transmitter is 8 amperes (8A) when only 07
the carrier is sent, but it increases to 8.93A when the carrier is
modulated by a single sine wave. Find the percentage modulation and
also determine the antenna current when the percent of modulation
changes to 0.8.
Q.3 (a) State difference between Single sideband and Double sideband 03
amplitude modulation.
(b) State the difference between PCM, DPCM and Delta modulation. 04
(c) What is a super heterodyne receiver? Explain with block diagram. 07
OR
Q.3 (a) State the Carson’s rule and explain in brief. 03
(b) A modulating signal 10 cos(2π • 30 x 103 t); Angle modulated a carrier 04
Vc cos(wc • t). Calculate Modulation Index and bandwidth for the FM
system. (Assume Kf = 15 kHz)
(c) Enlist various methods of FM generation. Explain any one of them. 07
Q.4 (a) State ‘Sampling Theorem’. Discuss Nyquist Rate of sampling. 03
(b) Explain mid-rise and mid-tread type of quantizer. 04
(c) State advantages and disadvantages of digital communication over 07
analog communication.
OR
Q.4 (a) Compare the On-off and Bipolar signaling for transmission of digital 03
data.
(b) Describe the effect of slope overloading and hunting in delta 04
modulation.
(c) Explain various type of sampling methods. 07

1
Q.5 (a) Compare Amplitude Sift Keying (ASK) with Frequency Sift Keying 03
(FSK).
(b) Given modulating bit stream is 10110011. Draw the ASK, FSK and 04
BPSK signals. Also draw the waveforms for carrier and modulating bit
stream.
(c) What is Line coding? Explain the different type of line coding 07
techniques with suitable waveforms.
OR
Q.5 (a) Give the full forms of following: 03
1) ISI, 2) PSD, 3) AMI
(b) Draw the signals for Unipolar NRZ, Unipolar RZ, Polar NRZ, Polar 04
RZ for Data stream 10100111.
(c) State the importance of Regenerative repeater in digital communication 07
and discuss briefly about the significance of individual components of
Regenerative repeater.

**************

2
Seat No.: ________ Enrolment No.___________

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

BE - SEMESTER–V (NEW) EXAMINATION – SUMMER 2021
Subject Code:3151104 Date:15/09/2021
Subject Name:Analog and Digital Communication
Time:10:30 AM TO 01:00 PM Total Marks: 70
Instructions:
1. Attempt all questions.
2. Make suitable assumptions wherever necessary.
3. Figures to the right indicate full marks.
4. Simple and non-programmable scientific calculators are allowed.

Marks
Q.1 (a) Compare the analog communication system and digital communication 03
system.
(b) Describe the need of modulation in commutation system. 04

(c) Explain the Shannon’s channel capacity theorem in details. 07

Q.2 (a) State the Carson’s rule and explain in brief. 03

(b) Compare the wideband and narrowband FM. 04
(c) Explain the generation and demodulation of QPSK signal using suitable 07
block diagram.
OR
(c) Explain the modulation and demodulation of ASK and FSK techniques. 07
Q.3 (a) The modulation indexes of two waves are 0.5 and 0.6 respectively then 03
calculate total modulation index of the system.
(b) Draw and explain in brief super heterodyne receiver. 04
(c) Draw and explain circuit of envelope detector for AM wave. Also 07
discuss the types of distortions in the detector output.
OR
Q.3 (a) Define following terms: (a) modulation index (b) Transmission 03
efficiency
(b) Discuss the modulation index of AM wave using Trapezoidal display. 04
(c) Discuss the Vestigial Sideband Transmission 07
(VSB) in details.
Q.4 (a) List only advantages of digital communication. 03
(b) State sampling theorem and determine the Fourier spectrum of sampled 04
signal.
(c) Explain the Delta modulation technique and explain threshold and 07
overloading effects with neat diagram.
OR
Q.4 (a) Explain the Aliasing effect with neat diagram. 03
(b) Draw and explain in brief the block diagram of PCM technique. 04
(c) Determine the relation of power of the quantization noise 𝑁𝑞 = 𝑀𝑝2 and 07
3𝐿2
SNR
𝑆0 𝑆
= 3𝐿2 𝑀02 , where 𝑀𝑝 is the peak amplitude, L is no. of uniform
𝑁 𝑞 𝑝
quantization levels and 𝑆0 is signal power.

1
Q.5 (a) List the line coding properties. 03
(b) Explain in brief Nyquist criteria for Zero ISI. 04
(c) Determine the expression of Power Spectrum Density (PSD) of Polar 07
signaling.
OR
Q.5 (a) Draw the block diagram of Regenerative repeater and explain in brief. 03
(b) Explain in brief Signaling with controlled ISI. 04
(c) Determine the Detection error probability for polar signaling. 07

**************

2
Seat No.: ________ Enrolment No.___________

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

BE - SEMESTER–V(NEW) EXAMINATION – SUMMER 2022
Subject Code:3151104 Date:09/06/2022
Subject Name:Analog and Digital Communication
Time:02:30 PM TO 05:00 PM Total Marks: 70
Instructions:
1. Attempt all questions.
2. Make suitable assumptions wherever necessary.
3. Figures to the right indicate full marks.
4. Simple and non-programmable scientific calculators are allowed.

MARKS
Q.1 (a) Define Following Terms: 03
(1) Modulation Index (2) Power spectral density (3) Signal
Distortion
(b) What is modulation? Why modulation required? Describe in detail. 04

(c) Draw basic diagram of both analog and digital communication system 07
and explain in brief

Q.2 (a) Give comparison between AM and FM systems. 03

(b) An audio signal given as 15 sin (2π(1500t)) amplitude modulates a 04
carrier given as 60 sin (2π(100,000t)). Determine the following

1. Sketch the Audio signal

2. Sketch the carrier signal.
3. Determine the percentage of index
4. Draw the frequency spectrum of modulated signal with all
frequency component

(c) List the methods of generation of SSB. Explain any one method in 07
detail. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of SSB over DSB
modulation technique.
OR
(c) Explain Armstrong method of FM generation with neat diagram. 07

Q.3 (a) Draw the transfer function of ideal phase shifter. 03

(b) Explain pre-emphasis and de-emphasis in relation to FM. 04
(c) Explain Phased Look Loop with all necessary details. 07
OR
Q.3 (a) What is the mathematical expression for instantaneous frequency for 03
frequency modulation and Phase Modulation?
(b) An angle modulated signal with carrier frequency ωc = 2π × 105 is 04
described by the equation e(t) = 10cos(ωct + 5sin3000t+10sin2000πt)
Find: power of modulated signal, frequency deviation ∆f and deviation
ratio β
(c) Draw the general block diagram of a super heterodyne receiver and 07
briefly explain the function of each block.

Q.4 (a) What is line coding? What are the ideal requirements from line coding? 03
1
 (b) State and prove sampling theorem in time domain. Explain aliasing. 04
(c) Explain Delta Modulation in detail. Also discuss its advantages and 07
disadvantages
OR
Q.4 (a) What is Inter Symbol Interference? Explain the Nyquist’s first criteria 03
for zero ISI.
(b) Draw the block diagram of Regenerative repeater and briefly explain 04
the function of each block.
(c) Derive the formula for signal to quantization noise ratio for PCM. 07

Q.5 (a) Explain the zero forcing equalizer with necessary diagrams and 03
expressions.
(b) Explain in brief Frequency Shifting Keying (FSK) technique and list 04
the applications of it.
(c) Draw the block diagram of GMSK modulation technique and explain 07
it.
OR
Q.5 (a) Explain Noncoherent detection of Amplitude-Shift keying (ASK) 03
signal with necessary equations and diagrams.
(b) Explain coherent detection of Frequency-Shift keying (FSK) signal 04
with necessary equations.
(c) Discuss the MSK modulation technique and list the merits of it 07

*************

2
Seat No.: ________ Enrolment No.___________

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

BE – SEMESTER- V EXAMINATION-SUMMER 2023
Subject Code: 3151104 Date: 27/06/2023
Subject Name: Analog and Digital Communication
Time: 02:30 PM TO 05:00 PM Total Marks: 70
Instructions:
1. Attempt all questions.
2. Make suitable assumptions wherever necessary.
3. Figures to the right indicate full marks.
4. Simple and non-programmable scientific calculators are allowed.

Marks
Q.1 (a) Compare Analog and Digital Communication. 03
(b) Give Comparison between Am and FM. 04
(c) State and prove sampling theorem. Also explain types of sampling 07
in details.

Q.2 (a) Explain Vestigial Side Band AM in brief. 03

(b) State and explain Sampling theorem. 04
(c) An AM signal is represented by 07
e(t) = (10+ 4 cos 1000 π t ) cos (2 π 106 t).
Find: Modulation index, total power , sideband power, efficiency
and transmission Bandwidth required for this AM signal.
OR
(c) A 10 kw carrier wave is amplitude modulated at 80%. Compute 07
sideband power, total power and efficiency.
Q.3 (a) Compare DSB-FC, DSB-SC, SSB,VSB 03
(b) What is Carson’s rule in FM? 04
(c) A 107.6 MHz carrier is frequency modulated by a 7 KHz sine 07
wave. The resultant FM signal has a frequency deviation of 50
KHz.
i) Find the carrier swing of the FM signal.
ii) Determine the highest and lowest frequencies attained by the
modulated signal
iii) What is the modulation index of the FM wave?
OR
Q.3 (a) With related to Amplitude modulation discuss following 03
parameters: (i) Modulation index (ii) Modulation depth (iii)
Bandwidth requirement
(b) Discuss drawbacks of direct method for FM generation. 04
(c) An FM wave is given by 07
e(t) = 10sin (5 × 108 t + 4sin1250t).
Determine: (i) The carrier frequency (ii) Modulating frequency (iii)
The modulation index (iv) The maximum deviation.
Q.4 (a) What is aliasing effect? 03
(b) Describe the effect of slope overloading and hunting in delta 04
modulation.
(c) A compact disc (CD) records audio signals digitally by PCM. 07
Assume audio signal’s BW to be 15 KHz. If signals are sampled at
a rate 20% above Nyquist rate for practical reasons and the
samples are quantized into 65,536 levels, determine bps required to
1
 encode the signal and minimum BW required to transmit encoded
signal.
OR
Q.4 (a) Discuss advantages and disadvantages of delta modulation. 03
(b) What is companding process in PCM? State laws for the same. 04
(c) A TV signal having a BW of 4.2 MHz is transmitted using binary 07
PCM system. Given that the number of quantization levels is 512.
Determine Code word length, Transmission BW, Final bit rate and
Output signal to quantization noise ratio.
Q.5 (a) For the data stream 10111001 draw the following formats. 03
i) Polar NRZ ii)Bipolar NRZ iii) AMI NRZ
(b) Differentiate BPSK,QPSK and DPSK. 04
(c) What is scrambling? Explain scrambling and descrambling process 07
with block diagram and suitable example
OR
Q.5 (a) What is line coding? What are the ideal requirements from line 03
coding?
(b) Draw the waveform of OQPSK generator for bit pattern 04
01101011001.
(c) Explain eye diagram. How ISI and other signal degradation can be 07
studied using eye-diagram.

*********************

2
Seat No.: ________ Enrolment No.___________

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

BE - SEMESTER–V (NEW) EXAMINATION – SUMMER 2024
Subject Code: 3151104 Date:21-05-2024
Subject Name: Analog and Digital Communication
Time:02:30 PM TO 05:00 PM Total Marks:70
Instructions:
1. Attempt all questions.
2. Make suitable assumptions wherever necessary.
3. Figures to the right indicate full marks.
4. Simple and non-programmable scientific calculators are allowed.
MARKS
Q.1 (a) Explain the need of modulation. 03
(b) Justify: Noise immunity of digital communication system is better 04
than analog communication system.
(c) What are the advantages of Single Side Band (SSB) modulation 07
over Double Side Band (DSB) modulation? Explain filter method
to generate SSB signal.

Q.2 (a) Explain the working of pre-emphasis network in Frequency 03

Modulation.
(b) Compare: Amplitude Modulation and Frequency Modulation. 04
(c) Explain the working of Phase Locked Loop (PLL). 07
OR
(c) Explain different types of signal distortions over a communication 07
channel.

Q.3 (a) A broadcast AM transmitter radiates 50 KW of carrier power. What 03

will be the radiated power at 85 % modulation?
(b) For baseband pulse 110100, draw the waveforms of ASK, FSK and 04
PSK.
(c) Explain how FM signal is generated using Indirect method of 07
Armstrong.
OR
Q.3 (a) An FM wave is given by e(t) = 20 cos[6 × 108t + 7 sin1250t]. 03
Determine (i) The carrier frequency (ii) Modulating frequency (iii)
The maximum deviation.
(b) Compare binary ASK, FSK and PSK. 04

(c) Explain how the envelope detector demodulates AM signals. Also 07

indicate the difference between the rectifier detector and the
envelope detector.

Q.4 (a) Explain the principle of non uniform quantization. 03

(b) Explain the applications of Eye diagram. 04
(c) What is aliasing? How aliasing can be eliminated? 07
OR
Q.4 (a) Find the Nyquist rate and Nyquist interval for the signal 03
x(t) = 10 cos3000πt cos1000πt
(b) Explain the properties of line codes. 04
(c) Explain the working of delta modulation with the help of block 07
diagram. Discuss the disadvantages of delta modulation.

1
Q.5 (a) Compare: Unipolar, polar and bipolar line codes. 03
(b) What are the advantages of digital communication over analog 04
communication?
(c) Derive the power spectral density (PSD) of polar NRZ line code. 07
OR
Q.5 (a) Explain the working of regenerative repeater in digital 03
communication system.
(b) Explain the operation of sample and hold circuit. 04
(c) Explain the cause of intersymbol interference (ISI) in digital 07
communication systems? Explain Nyquist criterion for zero ISI.

*************