Best Approach

Statistics
(Sheet)

By Mathematics Wizard
Manoj Chauhan Sir (IIT Delhi)
No. 1 Faculty of Unacademy,
Exp. More than 13 Years
in Top Coaching of Kota
Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Statistics

STATISTICS
INTRODUCTION
In various fields, we need information in the form of numerical figures called data.
These data may relate to the marks obtained by the pupils of a class in a certain examination; the weights, heights,
ages, etc., of pupils in a class; the monthly wages earned by workers in a factory; the population of a town or the
profits of a company during last few years, etc.
Evaluation of such data helps analysts study the various growth patterns and formulate future targets or policies or
derive certain inferences.
STATISTICS
It is the science which deals with the collection, presentation, analysis and interpretation of numerical data.
In singular form, statistics is taken as a subject. And, in plural form, statistics means data.

DATA
The word data means a set of given facts in numerical figures.
Fundamental Characteristics of Data
(i) Numerical facts alone form data. Qualitative characteristics, like honesty, poverty, etc., which cannot be measured
numerically do not form data.
(ii) Data are aggregate of facts. A single observation does not form data.
(iii) Data collected for a definite purpose may not be suitable for another purpose.
Types of Data
(i) Primary Data : The data collected by the investigator himself with a definite plan in mind are known as primary
data.
(ii) Secondary Data : The data collected by someone, other than the investigator, are known as secondary data.

VARIABLE
A quantity which can take different values is called a variable.
Ex : Height, Age and Weight of pupils in a class are three variables.
If we denote them by x, y and z respectively, then values of x give the heights of the pupils; the values of y give the
ages of the pupils and the values of z give the weights of the pupils.
Continuous and Discrete Variables
Variables are of 2 types
1. Continuous Variable : A variable which can take any numerical value within a certain range is called a continuous
variable.
Ex. (i) Wages of workers in a factory (ii) Heights of children in a class
(iii) Weights of persons in a group etc.
2. Discontinuous (or Discrete) Variable : A variable which cannot take all possible values between two given values,
is called a discontinuous or discrete variable.
Ex. (i) Number of members in a family
(ii) Number of workers in a factory
Such variables cannot take any value between 1 and 2, 2 and 3, etc.

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IMPORTANTTERMS
Range : The difference between the maximum and minimum values of a variable is called its range.
Variate : A particular value of a variable is called variate.
Presentation of Data : Putting the data in condensed form in the form of a table, is known as presentation of data.
Frequency : The number of times an observation occurs is called its frequency.
Frequency Distribution : The tabular arrangement of data showing the frequency of each observation is called its
frequency distribution.

RAW OR UNGROUPED DATA

The data obtained in original form are called raw data or ungrouped data.
Illustration The marks obtained by 25 students in a class in a certain examination are given below:
25, 8, 37, 16, 45, 40, 29, 12, 42, 40, 25, 14, 16, 16, 20, 10, 36, 33, 24, 25, 35, 11, 30, 45,48.
This is the raw data.
Array : An arrangement of raw data in ascending or descending order of magnitude is called an array.
Arranging the marks of 25 students in ascending order, we get the following array.
8, 10, 11, 12, 14, 16, 16, 16, 20, 24, 25, 25, 25, 29, 30, 33, 35, 36, 37, 40, 40, 42, 45, 45, 48.

FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION TABLE FOR RAW DATA

Frequency table or frequency distribution is a method to present raw data in the form from which one can easily
understand the information contained in the raw data.
Frequency distribuitions are of two types :
(i) Discrete requency distribuition
(ii) Continuous or grouped frequency distribuition.
Discrete frequency distribution The process of preparing this type of distribution, is very simple. The construction
of a discrete frequency distribution from the given raw data is done by the use of the method of tally marks. In the
ffirst column of the frequency table we write all possible values of the variable from the lowest to the highest.
We take each observation from the data, one at a time, and indicate the frequency (the number of times the
observation has occurred in the data) by small lines, called tally marks. For convenience, we write tally marks in
bunches of five, the fifth one crossing the fourth diagonally. In the table so formed, the sum of all the frequencies
is equal to the total number of observations in the given data.
Continuous or grouped frequency distribuition the above method of condens ing the raw data is convenient only
where the values in the raw data are largely repeating and the difference between the greatest and the smallest
observations is not very large.
Class-Interval : Each group into which the raw data is condensed, is called a class-interval.
Each class is bounded by two figures, which are called class limits. The figure on the left side of a class is called its
lower limit and that on its right is called its upper limit.

MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCY

An average value or a central value of a distribution is the value of variable which is representative of the entire
distribution, this representative value are called the measures of central tendency.
Generally the following five measures of central tendency.
(a) Mathematical average (i) Arithmetic mean (ii) Geometric mean (iii) Harmonic mean
(b) Positional average (i) Median (ii) Mode

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ARITHMETIC MEAN
(i) For ungrouped dist. : If x1, x2, ...... xn are n values of variate xi then their A.M. x is defined as
n

x1  x 2  .....  x n
x
i 1
i

x= =  xi = n x
n n
(ii) For ungrouped and grouped freq. dist. : If x1, x2, .... xn are values of variate with corresponding frequencies
f1, f2, ... fn then their A.M. is given by
n

f x  f x  ....  fn x n f x i i n

x= 1 1 2 2
f1  f2  ....  fn
= i 1
N
, where N = f
i 1
i

(iii) By short method : If the value of xi are large, then the calculation of A.M. by using previous formula is quite
tedious and time consuming. In such case we take deviation of variate from an arbitrary point a.
Let di = x i – a
fi d i
 x =a+ , where a is assumed mean
N

(iv) By step deviation method : Sometime during the application of short method of finding the A.M. If each
deviation di are divisible by a common number h(let)
di xi  a  fi u i 
Let ui = =  x =a+  h
h h  N 

Ex. 1 If the mean of the series x1, x2, ......, xn is x , then the mean of the series xi + 2i, i = 1, 2, ........, n will be .....
x1  x 2  .....  x n
Sol. As given x  .....(i)
n
If the mean of the series xi + 2i, i = 1, 2, ....., n be X ,
(x1  2 )  (x2  2.2 )  (x3  2.3)  .....  (x n  2.n)
Then X
n
x1  x2  .....  x n 2(1  2  3  .....  n)
 
n n
2 n(n  1)
 x from (i)
2n
= x +n+1
Ex. 2 Find the A.M. of the following freq. dist.

xi 5 8 11 14 17
fi 4 5 6 10 20

Sol. Here N = fi = 4 + 5 + 6 + 10 + 20 = 45

fixi = (5 × 4) + (8 × 5) + (11 × 6) + (14 × 10) + (17 × 20) = 606
fi x i 606
 x= = = 13.47
N 45

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Ex. 3 Find the mean of the following freq. dist.
x i 5 15 25 35 45 55
fi 12 18 27 20 17 6
Sol. Let assumed mean a = 35, h = 10
(x i  3 5 )
Here N = fi = 100, ui =
10
 fiui = (12 × –3) + (18 × –2) + (27 × –1) + (20 × 0) + (17 × 1) + (6 × 2) = – 70

 f u  (–70 )
 x =a+  i i  h = 35 + 1 00 × 10 = 28
 N 
Ex. 4 If a variable takes the value 0, 1, 2......n with frequencies proportional to the bionomial coefficients nC0, nC1,.....,nCn
then the mean of the distribution is .....
Sol. N = fi = k [nC0 + nC1 + .... + nCn] = k2n
n n
n n 1 n 1
 fi xi = k [1.nC1 + 2. nC2 + .... + n nCn]  k  r. C r  kn  C r 1  kn2
r 1 r 1

1 n
Thus x  n
(n 2 n 1 )  .
2 2
Ex. 5 The arithmetic mean of the marks from the following table is .....

Marks 0 - 10 10 - 20 20 - 30 30 - 40 40 - 50 50 - 60

Number of
12 18 27 20 17 6
Students

Sol.

Marks Class mark x f fx

0 - 10 5 12 60

10 - 20 15 18 270

20 - 30 25 27 675

30 - 40 35 20 700

40 - 50 45 17 765

50 - 60 55 6 330

f = 100 f x = 2800

 x=
 fx  2800  28
 f 100

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(v) Weighted mean : If w1, w2, ...... wn are the weights assigned to the values x1, x2, ..... xn respectively then their
weighted mean is defined as
n

w x  w2 x2  .....  w n x n
w x i i
Weighted mean = 1 1 = i 1
n
w1  .....  w n
w
i 1
i

Ex. 6 Find the weighted mean of first n natural numbers when their weights are equal to their squares respectively

1.1 2  2.2 2  ....  n.n 2 1 3  2 3  .....  n 3 [n(n  1)/ 2]2 3n(n  1)

Sol. Weighted Mean = = = =
1 2  2 2  ....  n 2 1 2  2 2  ....  n 2 [n(n  1)(2n  1)/ 6] 2(2n  1)

Ex. 7 The weighted mean of the first n natural numbers, the weight being the corresponding numbers, is
Sol. First n natural numbers are 1, 2, 3, ..... n; whose corresponding weights are 1, 2, 3, .....,n respectively.
 Weight mean
1  1  2  2  ......  n  n
= 1  2  .....  n

12  22  .....  n 2
=
1  2  .....  n

n  n  1 2n  1 2n  1
= 
6n  n  1 3
2
(vi) Combined mean : If x1 and x2 be the means of two groups having n1 and n2 terms respectively then the mean
n1 x1  n 2 x2
(combined mean) of their composite group is given by combined mean =
n1  n 2
n x  n 2 x 2  n3 x3  ....
If there are more than two groups then, combined mean = 1 1
n1  n 2  n 3  ....
Ex. 8 The mean income of a group of persons is Rs. 400 and another group of persons is Rs. 480. If the mean income of all
the persons of these two groups is Rs. 430 then find the ratio of the number of persons in the groups.

Sol. Here x1 = 400, x2 = 480, x = 430

n1 x1  n 2 x2 400n1  480n 2
 x=  430 =
n1  n 2 n1  n 2
n1 5
 =
n2 3
Ex. 9 The average salary of male employees in a firm was Rs. 5200 and that females was Rs. 4200. The mean salary of
all the employees was Rs. 5000. The percentage of male and female employees are respectively.
Sol. Let x1 = 5200, x2 = 4200, x = 5000
n1 x1  n 2 x 2
Also, we know that x   5000 (n1 + n2) = 5200 n1 + 4200 n2
n1  n 2

n1 4
   The percentage of male employees in the firm
n2 1

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4
=  100  80%
4 1
and the percentage of female emplolyees in the firm
1
= 100  20%
4 1

(vii) Properties of Arithmetic mean

 Sum of deviations of variate from their A.M. is always zero i.e. (xi – x ) = 0, fi(xi – x ) = 0
 Sum of square of deviations of variate from their A.M. is minimum i.e. (xi – x )2 is minimum
 If x is the mean of variate xi then A.M. of (xi + ) = x + 
A.M. of (xi) =  x
A.M. of (axi + b) = a x + b (where , a, b are constant)
 A.M. is independent of change of assumed mean i.e. it is not effected by any change in assumed mean.

GEOMETRIC MEAN
(i) For ungrouped dist. : If x1, x2, ..... xn are n positive values of variate then their geometric mean G is given by
G = (x1 × x2 × ..... × xn)1/n

1 n 
 G = antilog 
 n
 log x  i
i 1 
(ii) For freq. dist. : If x1, x2, .... xn are n positive values with corresponding frequencies f1, f2, .... fn resp. then their G.M.
G = (x if1  x2f2  .....  x nfn )1 / N

1 n 
 G = antilog 
 N
 f log x 
i i
i 1 
NOTE :- If G1 and G2 are geometric means of two series which containing n1 and n2 positive values resp. and G is
1
n 2 n1  n 2
geometric mean of their combined series then G = (G1n1  G2 )

 n log G1  n 2 log G 2 
 G = antilog  1 
 n1  n 2 

Ex. 10 Find the G.M. of 1, 2, 22, ....., 2n

1
1  n (n 1 )  n 1
Sol. G.M. = (1 .2 .2 2 ......2 n )n 1 = 2 2  = 2n/2
 

Ex. 11 The geometric mean of the numbers 3, 32, 33, ...... ,3n is.....
Sol.  GM = (3 . 32 .... 3n)1/n
1 2 ... n n  n 1 n 1
n 2n 2
=3 =3 3

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HARMONIC MEAN
(i) For ungrouped dist. : If x1, x2, ..... xn are n non-zero values of variate then their harmonic mean H is defined as
n n
H= = n
1 1 1 1
  .... 
x1 x 2 xn x i 1 i

(ii) For freq. dist. : If x1, x2, .... xn are n non-zero values of variate with corresponding frequencies f1, f2, ..... fn
respectively the their H.M.

N N
H= = n
f1 f2 f fi
  ....  n
x1 x 2 xn x
i 1 i

1 1 1 1
Ex. 12 Find the H.M. of , , , .....
2 3 4 17

n 16 2
Sol. H.M. = = =
1 1 1 2  3  ....  17 19
  ..... 
x1 x 2 xn

1 2 3 n
Ex. 13 Find the harmonic mean of , , ,......, , occuring with frequencies 1, 2, 3, ...., n, respectively..
2 3 4 n 1
Sol. We know that,

f n  n  1
Harmonic mean =
f
  f = 1 + 2 + 3 + .... + n =
  x  2

f 1 2 3 n
and  x  1/ 2  2 / 3  3 / 4  ....  n /  n  1
3 2 4  3 n  n  1
 2   .... 
2 3 n
= 2 + 3 + 4 + .... + n + (n + 1)
Which is an arithmetic progression with a = 2 and d = 1

f n 
By the formula of sum of n terms of an AP,  x   2 2a   n  1 d ,
We have
n n
= 2  2  n  1  = 3  n 
2 2

n  n  1
2 n  n  1  2 n  1
 Harmonic mean = n 3  n = n 3  n  2  3  n
   
2

NOTE : If A, G, H are A.M. G.M. H.M. of a series respectively then A G H

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MEDIAN
The median of a series is the value of middle term of the series when the values are written in ascending order.
Therefore median, divided an arranged series into two equal parts.
Formulae of median
(i) For ungrouped distribution : Let n be the number of variate in a series then

 n  1  th
  term , (when n is odd)
 2 
Median =  th th
 Mean of  n  and  n  1  terms, (when n is even )
  2   2 

(ii) For ungrouped freq. dist. : First we prepare the cumulative frequency (c.f.) column and Find value of N then

 N  1  th
  term , (when N is odd)
 2 
Median =  th th
 Mean of  N  and  N  1  terms, (when N is even)
  2   2 

N
(iii) For grouped freq. dist : Prepare c.f. column and find value of then find the class which contain value of c.f.
2
is equal or just greater to N/2, this is median class
N 
 2 –F
 
 Median =  + × h
f
where — lower limit of median class
f — freq. of median class
F — c.f. of the class preceeding median class
h — Class interval of median class

Ex. 14 Find the median of following freq. dist.

class 0  10 10  20 20  30 30  40 40  50
f 8 30 40 12 10

Sol. class fi c.f.

0  10 8 8
10  20 30 38
20  30 40 78
30  40 12 90
40  50 10 100

N 100
Here = = 50 which lies in the value 78 of c.f. hence corresponding class of this c.f. is 20-30 is the median
2 2
class, so = 20, f = 40, F = 38, h = 10

N 
 2 F 
 Median = +   × h = 20 + (50  3 8 ) × 10 = 23
f 40

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Ex. 15 From the data given, the median of the average deposit balance of saving for the branch during March 1982 is.

Average deposite balance (Rs.) Number of deposit

Less than 100 26
100-200 68
200-300 145
300-400 242
400-500 188
500-600 65
600-700 16
Sol.

Average deposite balance (Rs.) f Comulative frequency Cf

Less than 100 26 26
100-200 68 94
200-300 145 239
300-400 242 481
400-500 188 669
500-600 65 734
600-700 16 750

N 750
  375
2 2
The frequency just greater than 375 is 481.  Median class is 300 - 400.

N 
 2  c
Median = l    h
f

375  239
= 300  100
242
= 300 + 56.2 = 356.2
Ex. 16 Calculate the missing frequency 'a' from the following distribution, it is being given that the median of the distribution
is 24.

Age (in years) 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50

No. of persons 5 25 a 18 7

Sol. At first we prepare a cumulative frequency distribution table as given below :

Age (in ye ars) 0-1 0 10-20 20 -30 30-4 0 4 0-5 0 To ta l

No. of persons (fi ) 5 25 a 18 7 55 + a
Cumulative frequency 5 30 3 0+a 48+ a 55 +a

Since the median is 24, therefore, the median class will be 20 -30.
Hence,  = 20, N = 55+a, C = 30, f = a and h = 10

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N 
 2 – C 
Therefore, median =  +   h
 f 
 
 55  a 
 – 30 
 2 
 24 = 20 +   × 10
 a
 
(a  5 )
 24 = 20 + × 10
2a
(a  5 )
 4= ×5
a
 4a = 5a – 25  a = 25
Hence, the value of missing frequency a is 25.

Ex. 17 The median of the following data is 525. Find the values of x and y, if the total frequency is 100.

Class Interval 0-100 100-200 200-300 300-400 400-500 500-600 500-600 700-800 800-900 900-1000

Frequency (fi ) 2 5 x 12 17 20 y 9 7 4 N = 100

Sol. At first we prepare a cumulative frequency distribution table as given below :

We have N = 100
 76 + x + y = 100  x + y = 24 ...(i)
Since the median is 525, so, the median class is 500–600
  = 500, N = 100, C = 36 + x, f = 20 and h = 100

N 
 – C 
Therefore, median =  +  2  h
 f 
 

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 5 0 – 36 – x 
 525 = 500 +   × 100  25 = (14 – x) × 5
 20 

 5 = 14 – x  x = 9
Also, putting x = 9 in (1), we get 9 + y = 24  y = 15
Hence, the values of x and y are 9 and 15 respectively.
MODE In a frequency distribution the mode is the value of that variate which have the maximum frequency
Method for determining mode :
(i) For ungrouped dist. : The value of that variate which is repeated maximum number of times
(ii) For ungrouped freq. dist. : The value of that variate which have maximum frequency.
(iii) For grouped freq. dist. : First we find the class which have maximum frequency, this is modal calss

f0  f1
 Mode = + × h
2f0  f1  f2

where — lower limit of modal class

f0 — freq. of the modal class
f1 — freq. of the class preceeding modal class
f2 — freq. of the class succeeding modal class
h — class interval of modal class

Ex. 18 Find the mode of the following frequecy dist

class 0  10 10  20 20  30 30  40 40  50 50  60 60  70 70  80
fi 2 18 30 45 35 20 6 3

Sol. Here the class 30 – 40 has maximum freq. so this is the model class = 30, f0 = 45, f1 = 30, f2 = 35, h = 10

f0  f1 45  3 0
 Mode =  + × h = 30 + × 10 = 36
2f0  f1  f2 2  4 5  30  3 5

Ex. 19 The following data gives the information on the observed lifetimes (in hours) of 225 electrical components :

Lifetimes (in hours) 0-20 20-40 40-60 60-80 80-100 100-120

Frequency 10 35 52 61 38 29
Determine the modal lifetimes of the components.
Sol. Here the class 60-80 has maximum frequency, so it is the modal class.
  = 60, h = 20, f1 = 61, f0 = 52 and f2 = 38

 f1 – f0 
Therefore, mode =  +  2f  f  f   h
 1 0 2
 61  52  9
=60 +   × 20 = 60 + × 20 = 60 + 5.625 = 65.625
 2  6 1  52  3 8  32
Hence, the modal lifetimes of the components is 65.625 hours.

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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Statistics
RELATION BETWEEN MEAN, MEDIAN AND MODE
In a moderately asymmetric distribution following relation between mean, median and mode of a distribution. It is
known as empirical formula.
Mode = 3 Median – 2 Mean
NOTE (i) Median always lies between mean and mode
(ii) For a symmetric distribution the mean, median and mode are coincide.
Ex. 20 Let a, b, c and d are real numbers (d > a > b > c). If mean and median of the distribution a, b, c, d are 5 and 6 respectively
then the value of –a + 3d + 3c – b is.....
a bcd
Sol.  5
4
 a + b + c + d = 20 .....(i)
and
 d, a, b, c
ab
 =6
2
 a + b = 12 .....(ii)
From (i) – (ii), we have
c+d=8 .....(iii)
Now, a + 3d + 3c – b
= 3(c + d) – (a + b)
= 3 × 8 – 12
= 24 – 12
= 12

MEASURES OF DISPERSION
The dispersion of a statistical distribution is the measure of deviation of its values about the their average (central)
value.
It gives an idea of scatteredness of different values from the average value.
Generally the following measures of dispersion are commonly used.
(i) Range (ii) Mean deviation (iii) Variance and standard deviation

(i) Range : The difference between the greatest and least values of variate of a distribution, are called the range of
that distribution.
If the distribution is grouped distribution, then its range is the difference between upper limit of the maximum class
and lower limit of the minimum class.
difference of extreme values
Also, coefficient of range =
sum of extreme values

Ex. 21 Find the range of following numbers 10, 8, 12, 11, 14, 9, 6
Sol. Here greatest value and least value of the distribution are 14 and 6 resp. therefore
Range = 14 – 6 = 8

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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Statistics
(ii) Mean deviation (M.D.) : The mean deviation of a distribution is, the mean of absolute value of deviations of
variate from their statistical average (Mean, Median, Mode).
If A is any statistical average of a distribution then mean deviation about A is defined as
n

 | x A|
i 1
i

Mean deviation = [For ungrouped dist.]

n
n

f | x
i1
i i  A|
Mean deviation = [For freq. dist.]
N

NOTE : Mean deviation is minimum when it taken about the median

Ex. 22 Find the mean deviation of number 3, 4, 5, 6, 7

Sol. Here n = 5, x = 5
| x i  x|
 Mean deviation =
n
1
= [|3 – 5| + |4 – 5| + |5 – 5| + |6 – 5| + |7 – 5|]
5
1 6
= [2 + 1 + 0 + 1 + 2] = = 1.2
5 5
Ex. 23 Find the mean deviation about mean from the following data

xi 3 9 17 23 27
fi 8 10 12 9 5

Sol. xi fi fi xi | x i  x| fi | xi  x|
3 8 24 12 96
9 10 90 6 60
17 12 204 2 24
23 9 207 8 72
27 5 135 12 60
N  44 fi x i  660 fi | x i  x|  312

fi x i 660
Mean ( x ) = = = 15
N 44
fi | x i  x| 312
Mean deviation = = = 7.09
N 44
Ex. 24 Find the mean deviation about the median for the following data : 3, 9, 5, 3, 12, 10, 18, 4, 7, 19, 21.
Sol. Here the number of observations is 11 which is odd. Arranging the data into ascending order, we have 3, 3, 4, 5, 7,
9, 10, 12, 18, 19, 21.
th
 11  1 
Now Median =   or 6th observation = 9
 2 

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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Statistics
The absolute values of the respective deviations from the median , i.e., |xi–M) are
6, 6, 5, 4, 2, 0, 1, 3, 9, 10, 12
11
1 11 1
Therefore | x
i 1
1  M |  58 and M.D. (M) = 
11 i 1
| x1  M |
11
 58  5.27

Ex. 25 Find the mean deviation about the median for the following data :
xi 3 6 9 12 13 15 21 22
fi 3 4 5 2 4 5 4 3
Sol. The given observations are already in ascending order. Adding a row corresponding to cumulative frequencies to
the given data, we get table
xi 3 6 9 12 13 15 21 22
fi 3 4 5 2 4 5 4 3
c.f 3 7 12 14 18 23 27 30
Now, N = 30 which is even.
Median is the mean of the 15th and 16th observations. Both of these observations lie in the cummulative frequency
18, for which the corresponding observation is 13.
15 th Observation  16 th Observation 13  13
Therefore, Median M =   13
2 2
Now, absolute values of the deviations from median , i.e., |xi – M| are shown in table.
|xi-M| 10 7 4 1 0 2 8 9
fi 3 4 5 2 4 5 4 3
fi |xi-M| 30 28 20 2 0 10 32 27
8 8

f
i 1
i 30 and f
i 1
i | x i  M |  149

8
1 1
Therefore M.D (M) =
N
f
i 1
i | xi  M | =
30
 149  4.97

Ex. 26 Find the mean deviation about the mean for the following data.
Marks obtained 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60 60-70 70-80
Number of students 2 3 8 14 8 3 2
Sol. We make the following table from the given data :

Marks Number of Mid-points fixi |xi – x | fi|xi – x |

obtained students
fi xi
10-20 2 15 30 30 60
20-30 3 25 75 20 60
30-40 8 35 280 10 80
40-50 14 45 630 0 0
50-60 8 55 440 10 80
60-70 3 65 195 20 60
70-80 2 75 150 30 60
40 1800 400

7 7 7

Here N= f
i 1
i  40  fi x1 1800 ,  fi | x i  x | 400
i 1 i l

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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Statistics
7
1 7
1800 1 1
Therefore x 
N
f x i i 
40
 45 and M.D. ( x ) =
N
f
i l
i | xi  x | 
40
 400  10
i l

Ex. 27 Calculate the mean deviation about median for the following data :
Class 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60
Frequency 6 7 15 16 4 2
Sol. Form the following table from the given data :

Class Frequency Cummulative Mid-points |xi –Med.| fi |xi – Med.|

fi (c.f.) x
0-10 6 6 5 23 138
10-20 7 13 15 13 91
20-30 15 28 25 3 45
30-40 16 44 35 7 112
40-50 4 48 45 17 68
50-60 2 50 55 27 54
50 508
N th
The class interval containing or 25th item is 20-30. Therefore, 20-30 is the median class. we Know that
2
N
C
Median = l  2 h
f
Here, l = 20, C = 13, f= 15, h = 10 and N = 50
25  13
Therefore, Median = 20   10 = 20 + 8 = 28
15
6
1 1
Thus, Mean deviation about median is given by M.D. (M) =
N
f
i 1
i | xi  M | 
50
 508 10.16

Ex. 28 Find the mean deviation about median for the following data.
Marks 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60
Number of Students 6 8 14 16 4 2
Sol.

Class fi cf Mid value xi | xi - M | f i | xi - M |

0 - 10 6 6 5 | 5 – 27.86 | = 22.86 137.16

10 - 20 8 (14) C 15 | 15 – 27.86 | = 12.86 102.88

(20 - 30) (14) 28 25 | 25 – 27.86 | = 2.86 40.04

30 - 40 16 44 35 | 35 – 27.86 | = 7.14 114.24

40 - 50 4 48 45 | 45 – 27.86 | = 17.14 68.56

50 - 60 2 50 55 | 55 – 27.86 | = 27.14 54.28

Total f i = 50 517.16

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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Statistics
N 50
  25
2 2
 C = 14, f = 14, l = 20, h = 10
N
C
2
Median M = l  h
f

25  14
= 20 + 10
14
1110
= 20 
14
= 20 + 7.86 = 27.86

 Mean deviation about median =

f x  M i i
=
517.16
 10.34
f i
50

FORMULAE FOR VARIANCE

(i) For ungrouped dist. :
(xi  x)2
2x =
n
2
x2i x2i  x i 
2x = – x2 = – 
n n  n 
2
d2i  d i 
2d = –  , where di = xi – a
n  n 
Proof If x1, x2,.....,xn are n values of a variable X, then
n n
1  
2 1  
2
Var(X) = 
 (x i  X) 
n  i1 
or 2 = 
 (x i  X) 
n  i1 
.....(i)

n  1  n
1  2 2

2
Now, Var(X) = 
n  i1(x i  X)
 n  i 1

 =  (x i  2x i X  X) 

n n n
1 1 1
 Var(X) =  x i2   2x i X  X 2
n i 1
n i 1
n i 1

n  1 n  nX 2
1
 Var(X) =  x i2  2X   xi  
n i1  n i1  n

n  1 n 
1 2
 Var(X) = x i  2X 2  X 2  x i  X
n i 1  n i 1 
n
1 2
 Var(X) = x i  X2
n i 1

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n n 2
1  1 
 Var(X) =  xi2    xi  .....(ii)
n i1  n i1 
If the values of variable X are large, the calculation of variance from the above formulae is quite tedious and time
consuming. In this case we take deviations from an arbitrary point A(say).
n n n
If di = xi – Ai i = 1, 2,.....,n, then  d   (x  A)   x  nA
i 1
i
i 1
i
i 1
i

n
1 
n  1 n 1  
 
 di  
n  i 1  n x  A i  
 di   X  A
n  i 1 
i1

n n
1 1 2
 d  X  A , where d 
N d i  Var(X) =
n  (x  X)
i 1
i
i 1

n n
1 1
 Var(X) =  (x i  A  A  X) 2  Var(X) =  (d  d)
i
2
n i 1
n i 1

n n n n
1 2 1 1 1
 Var(X) =  (d i  2d i d  d) 2 = d 2
i   2d d  n  d
i
2
n i 1
n i 1
n i 1 i 1

n 1 n  n
1 nd 2 1
 Var(X) =  di2  2   di  d   Var(X) = d 2
i  2d 2  d 2
n n  n n
i1  i1  i 1

n n n 2
1 1 1 
 Var(X) =  di2 d  2
 di2   di 
n n n 
i1 i1  i 1 

n n 2
1 1 
Thus, Var(X) =  di2   di  .....(iii)
n n 
i1  i1 
(ii) For freq. dist. :
fi (x i  x)2
2x =
N
2
fi xi2 f x 2  fi x i 
2x = – (x)2 = i i –  
N N  N 
2
fi d2i  fi d i 
2d = – 
N  N 

 f u 2  f u  2  di
i i
 =2
h 2 – i i  where ui =
u
 N  N   h

Proof If xi / fi , i = 1, 2,....., n is discrete frequency distribution of a variate X, then
n
1  
2
N  i1 
Var(X) =  fi (x i  X) 

.....(i)

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n
1  2 2 

Also, Var(X) =
N  i1
 fi (x i  2x i X  X ) 

n n
1  1  NX 2
 Var(X) =   fi xi2   2X   f x  
i i
N  N N
i1   i1

n  1 n 
1 
 Var(X) = 
N   fi x i2   2X 2  X 2


 N
f x i i  X

i1  i 1

n
1 2

 Var(X) =  f x i i   X2
N  i1



n n 2
1  1 
 Var(X) =   fi x i2     fi x i  .....(ii)
N   
i1  N i 1 
If the values xi of variable X or (and) frequencies fi are large the calculation of variance from the above formulae is
quite tendious and time consuming. In such a case, we take deviations of the values of variable X from an arbitrary
point A(say). If di = xi – A, i = 1, 2,.....n, then the above formula reduces to
n 2
1 1 
Var(X) =
N
  fi di2 
N  fi di 
 .....(iii)
 i1 
x i  A di
Sometimes di = xi – A are divisible by a common number h(say). If we define ui =  , i = 1, 2,.....n, then we
h h
obtain the following formula for variance.

 n n 2
1  1 
Var(X) = h 
2
 fi u i2     fi u i   .....(iv)

 N    
 i 1  N i 1  


(iii) Coefficient of S.D. =
x

Coefficient of variation = × 100 (in percentage)
x
NOTE : 2 =  2x =  2d = h2  2u

Ex. 29 Find the variance of first n natural numbers

2 2 2

Sol. 2 =
x2i
n
 x 
–  i 
n
=
n 2
n
 n 
–  
n
=
n(n  1)(2n  1)
6n
–  2n 
n(n  1)
=
n2  1
12

18 18
Ex. 30 If  (x i  8 ) = 9 and  (x i  8 )2 = 45, then find the standard deviation of x , x , .... x
1 2 18
i 1 i 1

Sol. Let (xi – 8) = di

2 2
d 2i  d i  45  9  5 1 3
 x = d =   =   =  =
n  n  18  18  2 4 2

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Ex. 31 Find the coefficient of variation of first n natural numbers
Sol. For first n natural numbers.

n 1 n 2 1
Mean ( x ) = , S.D.() =
2 12

n 2 1
 1 (n  1)
 coefficient of variance = × 100 =
× × 100 = × 100
x12  n 1  3(n  1)
 
2 
Ex. 32 Find the Variance of the following data : 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24
Sol. From the given data we can form the following table. The man is calculated by step-deviation method taking 14 as
assumed mean. The number of observations is n = 10

x i  14
xi di Deviations from mean (xi – x )
2
(xi – x )
6 –4 –9 81
8 –3 –7 49
10 –2 –5 25
12 –1 –3 9
14 0 –1 1
16 1 1 1
18 2 3 25
20 3 5 9
22 4 7 25
24 5 9 81
5 330
n

d 1 5
14   2  15
Therefore Mean x = assumed mean + i 1
h = 10
n
10
1
and Variance () =   x i  x  = 1  330  3
n i 1 10
Ex. 33 Find the variance and standard deviation for the following data “
xi 4 8 11 17 20 24 32
fi 3 5 9 5 4 3 1
Sol. Presenting the data in tabular form table, we get

xi fi fi xi xi – x (xi x )2 fi(xi– x )2
4 3 12 –10 100 300
8 5 40 –6 36 180
11 9 99 –3 9 81
17 5 85 3 9 12
20 4 80 6 36 144
24 3 72 10 100 300
32 1 32 18 324 324
30 420 1374
7 7
2
N = 30, f x i i  420,  f i  x i  x   1374
i 1 i 1

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f x i i
1
Therefore x  i 1
  420  14
N 30

1 7
Hence variane () =  fi (x i  x)2
N i 1

1
=  1374  45.8 and Standard deviation () = 45.8 = 6.77
30

Ex. 34 Calculate the mean, variance and standard deviation for the following distribution :
Class 30-40 40-50 50-60 60-70 70-80 80-90 90-100
Frequency 3 7 12 15 8 3 2
Sol. From the given data, we construct the following table

Class Frequencey Mid-Point fixi (xi – x )2 fi (xi – x )2

30-40 3 35 105 729 2187
40-50 7 45 315 289 2023
50-60 12 55 660 49 588
60-70 15 65 975 9 135
70-80 8 75 600 169 1352
80-90 3 85 255 529 1587
90-100 2 95 190 1089 2178
50 3100 10050

7
1 3100
Thus Mean x =
N
f x
i 1
i i 
50
 62

7
1 2
Variance () =
N
f x
i 1
i i  x

1
=  10050  201
50
and Standard deviation () = 201 = 14.18

Ex. 35 Coefficient of variation of two distributions are 60 and 70, and their standard deviations are 21 and 16 respectively.
What are their arithmetic means.
Sol. Given C.V ( 1st distribution) = 60,  = 21
C.V (2nd distribution) = 70 = 16
Let x1 and x 2 be the means of 1st and 2nd distribution, respectively. Then
1
C.V. (1st distribution ) = x 100
1

2
and C.V (2nd distribution) = x 100
2

16 16
i.e 70  2
100 or x 2   100 = 22.85
x 70

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Ex. 36 The variance of 20 observations is 5. if each observation is multiplied by 2, find the new variance of the resulting
observations.
Sol. Let the observations be x1,x2, ...., x20 and x be their mean. Given that variance = 5 and n = 20. we know that
1 20 2 1 20 2
Variance() =   x1  x  , i.e., 5    x1  x 
n i 1 10 i1
20
2
or xi 1
1  x   100 ..... (i)

If each observation is multiplied by 2, and the new resulting observations are y1, then
1
y1 = 2x1 i.e., x1 = y
2 1
1 20 1 20
Therefore y 
n i 1
2x i 2.  x1
20 i 1
1
i.e. y  2x or x  y
2
Substituting the values x1 and x in (i) , we get
20 2 20 2
1 1 
  2 y i  y   100, i.e. ,   y1  y   400
i 1 2  i 1

1
Thus the variance of new observations = ×400 =20 = 22×5
20

Ex.37 Find the standard deviation for the following data :

xi 3 8 13 18 23
fi 7 10 15 10 6
Sol. Let us form the following table

2 2
xi fi fixi xi fixi
3 7 21 9 63
8 10 80 64 640
13 15 195 169 2535
18 10 180 324 3240
23 9 138 529 3174
48 614 9652

1 2
 = N f i x i2    fi x i  d
N
1 2
= 48  9652   614 
48
1
= 463296  376996
48
1
= × 293.77 = 6.12
48
Therefore, Standard deviation () = 6.12

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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Statistics
Ex. 38 Calculate mean variance and Standard Deviation for the follwoing.
Classes 30-40 40-50 50-60 60-70 70-80 80-90 90-100
Frequency 3 7 12 15 8 3 2

Sol.

Class Frequencey Mid-Point yi2 fi yi fiyi2

fi xi
30-40 3 35 –3 9 –9 27
40-50 7 45 –2 4 –14 28
50–60 12 55 –1 1 –12 12
60–70 15 65 0 0 0 0
70–80 8 75 1 1 8 8
80–90 3 85 2 4 6 12
90–100 2 95 3 9 6 18
N =50 –15 105

Therefore x  A 
f y i i
 h  65 
15
10  62
50 50
h2  N f y 2   f y 2 
Variance  =
N2   i i  i i 
2
10   2
= 2 
50 15   15  
 50  

1
= [5250  225]  201 and standard deviation () = 201 = 14.18
25
Ex 39 The man and standard deviation of 100 observations were calculated as 40 and 5.1 , respectively by a student who
took by mistake 50 instead of 40 for one observation. What are the correct mean and standard deviation ?
Sol. Given that number of observations (n) = 100
Incorrect mean ( x ) = 40
Incorrect standard deviation () = 5.1
1 n
We know that x   xi
n n 1
1 100 100
i.e. 40 =
100 i 1
xi or  x i = 4000
i 1

i.e. Incorrect sum of observations = 4000

Thus the correct sum of observations = Incorrect sum = 50 + 40
4000 – 50 + 40 = 3990
Correct sum 3990
Hence Correct mean =   39.9
100 100
2
1 n 2 1  n 
Also Standard deviation  =  x1  n 2  
n i 1 i 1
x1 


1 n 2 2
=  x1   x 
n i 1

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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Statistics
n
1 2
i.e. 5.1 =  incorrect  x12   40 
100 i 1

n
2
or 26.01 = x
i 1
1 = 100 (26.01 + 1600

n
2
Therefore Incorrect x
i 1
1 = 100 (26.01 + 1600) 162601

n n
2 2
Now Correct x
i 1
1 = Incorrect x
i 1
1 (50)2 + (40)2

= 162601 – 2500 + 1600 = 161701

Therefore correct standard deviation

correct  x12
=  (Correctmean) 2
n

161701 2
=   39.9 
100
= 1617.01  1592.01 = 25 = 5

MEAN SQUARE DEVIATION

The mean square deviation of a distrubution is the mean of the square of deviations of variate from assumed mean.
It is denoted by S2
(xi  a)2 d2i
Hence S2 = = [For ungrouped dist.]
n n

fi (xi  a)2 f d 2

S2 = = i i [For freq. dist.], where di = (xi – a)
N N
1 n
Ex. 40 The mean square deviation of a set of n observations x1, x2, ....., xn about a point c is defined as  (x i  c)2 The
n i 1

mean square deviation about –2 and 2 are 18 and 10 respectively, then standard deviation of this set of observations
is-
1 1
Sol.  (xi + 2)2 = 18 and (xi – 2)2 = 10
n n
 (xi + 2)2 = 18n and (xi – 2)2 = 10n
 (xi + 2)2 + (xi – 2)2 = 28 n and (xi + 2)2 – (xi – 2)2 = 8 n
2
 2 xi + 8n = 28 n and 8xi = 8n
2
  xi = 10 n and xi = n

x2i x i
 = 10 and =1
n n

2
x 2i  x i  2
 =   = 10  (1) = 3
n  n 

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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Statistics
RELATION BETWEEN VARIANCE AND MEAN SQUARE DEVIATION
2
fi d2i  fi d i 
 2 = – 
N  N 
fi d i
 2 = s2 – d2 , where d = x – a =
N
 s2 = 2 + d2  s2 2
Hence the variance is the minimum value of mean square deviation of a distribution

MATHEMATICAL PROPERTIES OF VARIANCE

 Var.(xi + ) = Var.(xi)
Var.(xi) = 2.Var(xi)
Var.(axi + b) = a2.Var(xi)
where , a, b, are constant
 If means of two series containing n1, n2 terms are x1 , x2 and their variance's are 12  22 respectively and their

combined mean is x then the variance 2 of their combined series is given by following formula
n 1 (12  d12 ) n 2 (22  d22 )
2 = where di = x1 – x , d2 = x2 – x
(n 1  n 2 )

n 1 12  n 2 22 n1 n 2
i.e., 2 = + (x1  x2 )2
n1  n2 (n 1  n 2 )2

Ex. 41 Determine the variance of the following frequency dist.

class 0  2 2  4 4  6 6  8 8  10 10  12
fi 2 7 12 19 9 1

Sol. Let a = 7, h = 2
xi  a
class xi fi ui  fi u i fi u 2i
h
0 2 1 2 3 6 18
2 4 3 7 2 1 4 28
4 6 5 12 1 1 2 12
6 8 7 19 0 0 0
8 10 9 9 1 9 9
10  1 2 1 1 1 2 2 4
N  50 fi u i  2 1 fi u 2i  71

  f u 2   f u 2   7 1  2 1 2 
2 = h2 
i i i i   
    = 4  5 0  5 0   = 4[1.42 – 0.1764] = 4.97
 N  N    

Ex. 42 The mean and standard deviation of 20 observations are found to be 10 and 2. On rechecking, it was found that
an observation 8 was incorrect. Find the correct standard deviation if wrong item is omitted.

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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Statistics
Sol. Given, x = 10 and   , n  20

 x i
 10
20
 xi = 20 × 10
 xi = 200
If observation 8 is omitted, then xi = 200 – 8 = 192
Now, remaining number of observation = 19

 Correct mean =
x i

192
 10.10
n 19

Again,   2  2  4
2 2


x i 2
 x  4 
x 1 2
 10   4
n 20
2
 x i   4  100   20 = 104 × 20 = 2080
2
If observation 8 is omitted, then x i  2080  64  2016

2
2016  192 
Now, correct standard deviation    
19  19 

2
2016 19  192 
=
19  19

1
= 38304  36864
19

1 37.95
= 1440   1.99
19 19
Ex. 43 The mean and standard deviation of marks obtained by 50 students of a class in three subjects Mathematics,
physics and chemistry are given below

Subject Mathematics Phyxics Chemistry

Mean 42 32 40.9
Standard deviation 12 15 20

Which of these three subjects shows the highest variability in marks and which show the lowest ?
Sol. Here, n = 50
For Mathematics,

Coefficient of variation (CV) = 100
x
12 2 200
=  100  100 
42 7 7
= 28.57 .....(i)

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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Statistics

 15
For Phyxics, CV =  100   100
x 32

1500
=  46.87 .....(ii)
32


For Chemistry, CV = 100
x
20 2000
 100   48.89 .....(iii)
40.9 40.9
From Eqs. (i), (ii) and (iii), we have
CV of chemistry > CV of Physics > CV of Mathematics
 Chemistry shows the highest variability and Mathematics shows the least variability.

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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Statistics

EXERCISE- I
Arithmetic mean, weighted mean, Combined mean
1. Mean of the first n terms of the A.P. a, (a + d), (a + 2d), ........ is-
nd (n  1)d
(A) a  (B) a  (C) a + (n – 1) d (D) a + nd
2 2
2. The A.M. of first n even natural number is -

n 1 n
(A) n(n + 1) (B) (C) (D) n + 1
2 2
3. The A.M. of nC0 , nC1 , nC2, .....nCn is -

2n 2n 1 2n 2n 1
(A) (B) (C) (D)
n n n 1 n 1
4. If the mean of numbers 27, 31, 89, 107, 156 is 82, then the mean of numbers 130, 126, 68, 50, 1 will be-
(A) 80 (B) 82 (C) 75 (D) 157
5. If the mean of n observations x1, x2, .......xn is x , then the sum of deviations of observations from mean is :-
x
(A) 0 (B) nx (C) (D) None of these
n
6. The mean of 9 terms is 15. if one new term is added and mean become 16, then the value of new term is :-
(A) 23 (B) 25 (C) 27 (D) 30
n 7
7. If the mean of first n natural numbers is equal to , then n is equal to-
3
(A) 10 (B) 11 (C) 12 (D) none of these
8. The mean of first three terms is 14 and mean of next two terms is 18. The mean of all the five terms is-
(A) 15.5 (B) 15.0 (C) 15.2 (D) 15.6
9. If the mean of five observations x, x + 2 , x + 4, x+ 6 and x + 8 is 11, then the mean of last three obsevations is-
(A) 11 (B) 13 (C) 15 (D) 17

10. The mean of a set of numbers is x . If each number is decreased by , the mean of the new set is-
(A) x (B) x   (C)   x (D) x  

11. The mean of 50 observations is 36. If its two observations 30 and 42 are deleted, then the mean of the remaining
observations is-
(A) 48 (B) 36 (C) 38 (D) none of these
fid i
12. In a frequency dist. , if di is deviation of variates from a number  and mean =  + , then  is :-
fi
(A) Lower limit (B) Assumed mean (C) Number of observation (D) Class interval
13. The A.M. of n observation is x . If the sum of n – 4 observations is K, then the mean of remaining observations is-
xK nx  K nx  K nx  (n  4 )K
(A) (B) (C) (D)
4 n 4 4 4
1 1 1
14. The mean of values 1, , ,....., which have frequencies 1, 2, 3, ........ n resp., is :-
2 3 n
2n  1 2 n 1 2
(A) (B) (C) (D)
3 n 2 n 1

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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Statistics
15. The sum of squares of deviation of variates from their A.M. is always :-
(A) Zero (B) Minimum (C) Maximum (D) Nothing can be said
16. If the mean of following feq. dist. is 2.6, then the value of f is :-
xi 1 2 3 4 5
fi 5 4 f 2 3
(A) 1 (B) 3 (C) 8 (D) None of these
17. The weighted mean (W.M.) is computed by the formula ?
x i w i w i x i w i x i
(A) W.M. = (B) W.M.  (C) W.M. = (D) W.M.=
wi x i x i w i
18. The weighted mean of first n natural numbers when their weights are equal to corresponding natural number, is :-
n 1 2n  1 (n  1)(2n  1)
(A) (B) (C) (D) None of these
2 3 6
19. The average income of a group of persons is x and that of another group is y . If the number of persons of both
group are in the ratio 4 : 3, then average income of combined group is :-
xy 3x  4y 4x  3y
(A) (B) (C) (D) None of these
7 7 7
20. In a group of students, the mean weight of boys is 65 kg. and mean weight of girls is 55 kg. If the mean weight of all
students of group is 61 kg, then the ratio of the number of boys and girls in the group is :-
(A) 2 : 3 (B) 3 : 1 (C) 3 : 2 (D) 4 : 3

Median, Mode
21. The median of an arranged series of n even observations, will be :-
 n 1  n
(A)   th term (B)   th term
 2   2
n  n n 
(C)   1 th term (D) Mean of   th and   1 th terms
2  2 2 
22. The median of the numbers 6, 14, 12, 8, 10, 9, 11, is :-
(A) 8 (B) 10 (C) 10.5 (D) 11
23. Median of the following freq. dist.
x i 3 6 10 12 7 15
fi 3 4 2 8 13 10
(A) 7 (B) 10 (C) 8.5 (D) None of these
24. Median is independent of change of :-
(A) only Origin (B) only Scale (C) Origin and scale both (D) Neither origin nor scale
25. A series which have numbers three 4's, four 5's, five 6's, eight 7's, seven 8's and six 9's then the mode of numbers is
(A) 9 (B) 8 (C) 7 (D) 6
26. Mode of the following freqency distribution
x: 4 5 6 7 8
f: 6 7 10 8 3
(A) 5 (B) 6 (C) 8 (D) 10

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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Statistics
27. The mode of the following freq. dist is :-
Class 1 10 11  20 21  30 31 40 41 50
fi 5 7 8 6 4
(A) 24 (B) 23.83 (C) 27.16 (D) None of these
Symmetric and asymmetric distribution, Range

28. For a normal dist :-

(A) mean = median (B) median = mode (C) mean = mode (D) mean = median = mode
29. The relationship between mean, median and mode for a moderately skewed distribution is-
(A) mode = median – 2 mean (B) mode = 2 median – mean
(C) mode = 2 median – 3 mean (D) mode = 3 median – 2 mean

30. The range of observations 2, 3, 5, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 7, 4, 3 is :-

(A) 6 (B) 7 (C) 5.5 (D) 11

Mean Deviation
31. The mean deviation of a frequency dist. is equal to :-

d i  di fd
i i fi d i
(A) f (B) f (C) f (D) fi
i i i

32. Mean deviation from the mean for the observation –1, 0, 4 is-

14 2
(A) (B) (C) 2 (D) none of these
3 3
33. Mean deviation of the observations 70, 42, 63, 34, 44, 54, 55, 46, 38, 48 from median is :-
(A) 7.8 (B) 8.6 (C) 7.6 (D) 8.8
34. Mean deviation of 5 observations from their mean 3 is 1.2, then coefficient of mean deviation is :-
(A) 0.24 (B) 0.4 (C) 2.5 (D) None of these
35. The mean deviation from median is
(A) greater than the mean deviation from any other central value
(B) less than the mean deviation from any other central value
(C) equal to the mean deviation from any other central value
(D) maximum if all values are positive

Variance and Standard Deviation

xa
36. The variate x and u are related by u  then correct relation between x and u is :-
h

(A)  x  h  u (B)  x  h   u (C)  u  h  x (D)  u  h   x

37. The S.D. of the first n natural numbers is-

n2  1 n2  1 n2  1 n2  1
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2 3 4 12

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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Statistics
38. The variance of observations 112, 116, 120, 125, 132 is :-
(A) 58.8 (B) 48.8 (C) 61.8 (D) None of these

10 10

39. If  (x i  15 )  12 and  (x i  15 )2  18 then the S.D. of observations x , x ............ x is :-

1 2 10
i1 i1

2 3 4
(A) (B) (C) (D) None of these
5 5 5

40. The S.D. of 7 scored 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 is-

(A) 4 (B) 2 (C) 7 (D) none of these

41. The variance of series a, a + d, a + 2d, ....., a + 2nd is :-

n(n  1) 2 n(n  1) 2 n(n  1) 2 n(n  1) 2

(A) d (B) d (C) d (D) d
2 3 6 12

42. Variance is independent of change of-

(A) only origin (B) only scale (C) origin and scale both (D) none of these
43. If the coefficient of variation and standard deviation of a distribution are 50% and 20 respectively, then its mean is-
(A) 40 (B) 30 (C) 20 (D) None of these
44. If each observation of a dist. whose S.D. is , is increased by , then the variance of the new observations is -
(A)  (B)  +  (C) 2 (D) 2 + 
45. The variance of 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 is-

(A) 8 (B) 8 (C) 6 (D) none of these

46. If each observation of a dist., whose variance is 2 , is multiplied by , then the S.D. of the new new observations is-
(A)  (B)  (C) || (D) 2 
ax i  b
47. The standard deviation of variate xi is . Then standard deviation of the variate , where a , b, c are constants
c
is-

a a  a2 
(A)    (B)  (C)  2   (D) None of these
c c c 

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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Statistics

EXERCISE-II
1. The mean of Mathematics marks of 100 students of a class is 72. If the number of boys is 70 and the mean of their
marks is 75. Then the mean of the marks of girls in the class will be- [AIEEE-2002]

(A) 60 (B) 62 (C) 65 (D) 68

2. In an experiment with 15 observations of x, the following results were available x 2 = 2830,
x = 170. One observation that was 20 was found to be wrong and it was replaced by it's correct value 30. Then the
corrected variance is- [AIEEE-2003]

(A) 8.33 (B) 78 (C) 188.66 (D) 177.33

3. The mean and variance of a random variable X having a binomial distribution are 4 and 2 respectively.
Then P(X = 1) is- [AIEEE-2003]

1 1 1 1
(A) (B) (C) (D)
4 32 16 8

4. The median of a set of 9 distinct observations is 20.5. If each of the largest four observations of the set is increased
by 2, then the median of the new set- [AIEEE-2003]

(A) remains the same as that of the original set (B) is increased by 2
(C) is decreased by 2 (D) is two times the original median
5. Consider the following statements- [AIEEE-2004]

(a) Mode can be computed from histogram

(b) median is not independent of change of scale
(c) variance is independent of change of origin and scale
which of these are correct-
(A) only (a) and (b) (B) only (b) (C) only (a) (D) (a), (b) and (c)
6. In a series of 2n observations, half of them equal a and remaining half equal –a. If the standard deviation of the
observations is 2, then |a| equals- [AIEEE-2004]

1 2
(A) 2 (B) 2 (C) (D)
n n
7. The mean and the variance of a binomial distribution are 4 and 2 respectively. Then the probability of 2 sucesses is-

128 219 37 28
(A) (B) (C) (D) [AIEEE-2004]
256 256 256 256
8. If in a frequency distribution, the mean and median are 21 and 22 respectively, then its mode is approximately-
(A) 24.0 (B) 25.5 (C) 20.5 (D) 22.0 [AIEEE-2005]
2
9. Let x1, x2,.......,xn be n observations such that x i  400 and x i  80 . Then a possible value of n among the
following is- [AIEEE-2005]
(A) 12 (B) 9 (C) 18 (D) 15
10. Suppose a polulation A has 100 observations 101, 102, ..... 200 and other polulation B has 100 observations 151, 152,

VA
..... 250. If VA and VB represent the variance of two population respectively then is- [AIEEE-2006]
VB

(A) 9/4 (B) 4/9 (C) 2/3 (D) 1

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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Statistics
11. The average marks of boys in a class 52 and that of girls is 42. The average marks of boys and girls combined is 50
then the parcentage of boys in the class is- [AIEEE-2007]
(A) 20 (B) 80 (C) 60 (D) 40
12. The mean of the numbers a, b, 8, 5, 10 is 6 and the variance is 6.80 then which one of the following gives possible
values of a and b ? [AIEEE-2008]
(A) a = 0, b = 7 (B) a = 5, b = 2 (C) a = 1, b = 6 (D) a = 3, b = 4

n2  1
13. Statement–1 : The variance of first n even natural numbers is .
4

n(n  1)
Statement–2 : The sum of first n natural numbers is and the sum of squares of first n natural numbers
2

n(n  1)(2n  1)
is . [AIEEE-2009]
6
(A) Statement–1 is true, Statement–2 is false.
(B) Statement–1 is false, Statement–2 is true.
(C) Statement–1 is true, Statement–2 is true ;
Statement–2 is a correct explanation for Statement–1.
(D) Statement–1 is true, Statement–2 is true ;
Statement–2 is not a correct explanation for statement–1.
14. If the mean deviation of the numbers 1, 1 + d, 1 + 2d, ......, 1 + 100d from their mean is 255, then that d is equal
to :- [AIEEE-2009]

(A) 10.1 (B) 20.2 (C) 10.0 (D) 20.0

15. For two data sets each of size is 5, the variances are given to be 4 and 5 and the corresponding measn are given to
be 2 and 4 respectively, then the variance of the combined data set is :- [AIEEE-2010]

5 11 13
(A) (B) (C) 6 (D)
2 2 2
16. If the mean deviation about the median of the numbers a, 2a, .........., 50a is 50, then |a| equals:- [AIEEE-2011]

(A) 4 (B) 5 (C) 2 (D) 3

17. A scientist is weighing each of 30 fishes. Their mean weight worked out is 30 gm and a standard deviation of
2 gm. Later, it was found that the measuring scale was misaligned and always under reported every fish weight
by 2 gm. The correct mean and standard deviation (in gm) of fishes are respectively : [AIEEE-2011]

(A) 28, 4 (B) 32, 2 (C) 32, 4 (D) 28, 2

18. Let x1, x2, .... , xn be n observations, and let x be their arithmetic mean and 2 be their variance.
Statement–1 : Variance of 2x1, 2x2, ..... , 2xn is 42.
Statement–2 : Arithmetic mean of 2x1, 2x2, .... , 2xn is 4 x . [AIEEE-2012]

(A) Statement–1 is true, Statement–2 is false.

(B) Statement–1 is false, Statement–2 is true.
(C) Statement–1 is true, Statement–2 is true ; Statement–2 is a correct explanation for Statement–1.
(D) Statement–1 is true, Statement–2 is true ; Statement–2 is not a correct explanation for Statement–1.

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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Statistics
19. All the students of a class performed poorly in Mathematics. The teacher decided to given grace mark of 10 to each
of the students. which of the following statistical measures will not change even after the grace marks were given ?
(A) mean (B) median (C) mode (D) variance

20. The variance of first 50 even natural numbers is [JEE MAIN-2014]

833 437
(A) (B) 833 (C) 437 (D)
4 4

21. The mean of the data set comprising of 16 observations is 16. If one of the observation valued 16 is deleted and three
new observations valued 3, 4 and 5 are added to the data, then the mean of the resultant data, is : [JEE MAIN-2015]
(A) 15.8 (B) 14.0 (C) 16.8 (D) 16.0

22. If the standard deviation of the numbers 2, 3, a and 11 is 3.5, then which of the following is true ? [JEE MAIN-2016]
(A) 3a2 – 23 a + 44 = 0 (B) 3a2 – 26a + 55 = 0
2
(C) 3a – 32a + 84 = 0 (D) 3a2 – 34a + 91 = 0
9 9
23. If 
i 1
(xi – 5) = 9 and  (x – 5) = 45, then the standard deviation of the 9 items x , x ,....,x is :
i 1
i
2
1 2 9 [JEE MAIN-2018]

(A) 3 (B) 9 (C) 4 (D) 2

24. If for some x  R, the frequency distribution of the marks obtained by 20 students in a test is : [JEE Main 2019]

Marks 2 3 5 7
Frequency (x  1) 2 2
2x  5 x  3x x
then the mean of the marks is :
(A) 2.8 (B) 3.2 (C) 3.0 (D) 2.5

25. The mean and the median of the following ten numbers in increasing order 10, 22, 26, 29, 34, x 42, 67, 70, y are 42 and
y
35 respectively, then is equal to : [JEE Main 2019]
x
(A) 7/3 (B) 9/4 (C) 7/2 (D) 8/3

26. If the standard deviation of the numbers –1, 0, 1, k is 5 where k > 0, then k is equal to : [JEE (Main) 2019]

10 5
(A) 2 (B) 2 6 (C) 4 (D) 6
3 3

27. A student scores the following marks in five tests : 45, 54, 41, 57, 43. His score is not known for the sixth test. If the
mean score is 48 in the six tests, then the standard deviation of the marks in six tests is : [JEE Main 2019]
10 100 100 10
(A) (B) (C) (D)
3 3 3 3

28. The mean and variance of seven observations are 8 and 16, respectively. If 5 of the observations are 2, 4, 10, 12, 14,
then the product of the remaining two observations is : [JEE Main 2019]
(A) 40 (B) 49 (C) 48 (D) 45

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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Statistics
29. The mean and the variance of five observations are 4 and 5.20, respectively, if three of the observations are 3, 4 and
4; then the absolute value of the difference of the other two observations, is: [JEE Main 2019]
(A) 7 (B) 5 (C) 1 (D) 3

30. If the sum of the deviations of 50 observations from 30 is 50, then the mean of these observations
is : [JEE Main 2019]
(A) 30 (B) 51 (C) 50 (D) 31

1 1
31. The outcome of each of 30 items was observed; 10 items gave an outcome  d each, 10 items gave outcome
2 2
1 4
each and the remaining 10 items gave outcome  d each. If the variance of this outcome data is then d
2 3
equals: [JEE Main 2019]

2 5
(A) (B) 2 (C) (D) 2
3 2
32. If mean and standard deviation of 5 observations x1, x2, x3, x4, x5 are 10 and 3, respectively, then the variance of 6
observations x1, x2....., x5 and – 50 is equal to: [JEE Main 2019]
(A) 509.5 (B) 586.5 (C) 582.5 (D) 507.5

33. The mean of five observations is 5 and their variance is 9.20. If three of the given five observations are 1,3 and 8, then
a ratio of other two observations is: [JEE Main 2019]
(A) 10 : 3 (B) 4 : 9 (C) 5 : 8 (D) 6 : 7

n n
2 2
34. A data consists of n observations : x1, x2, ......, xn. If   xi  1  9n and   xi  1  5n , then the
i1 i1

standard deviation of this data is : [JEE Main 2019]

(A) 5 (B) 5 (C) 7 (D) 2

35. 5 students of a class have an average height 150 cm and variance 18 cm2. A new student, whose height is 156 cm,
joined them. The variance (in cm2) of the height of these six students is : [JEE Main 2019]
(A) 16 (B) 22 (C) 20 (D) 18

36. If the variance of the first n natural numbers is 10 and the variance of the first m even natural numbers is 16, then
m + n is equal to ______ . [JEE Main 2020]

37. If the mean variance of eight numbers 3, 7, 9, 12, 13, 20, x and y be 10 and 25 respectively, then x y is equal to
_______. [JEE Main 2020]

38. The mean and the standard deviation (s.d.) of 10 observations are 20 and 2 respectively. Each of these 10 observations
is multiplied by p and then reduced by q, where p  0 and q  0. If the new mean and new s.d. become half of their
original values, then q is equal to : [JEE Main 2020]
(A) – 20 (B) – 5 (C) 10 (D) – 10

39. The mean and variance of 20 observations are found to be 10 and 4, respectively. On rechecking, it was found that
an observation 9 was incorrect and the correct observation was 11. Then the correct variance is :
[JEE Main 2020]
(A) 4.01 (B) 3.99 (C) 3.98 (D) 4.02

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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Statistics
10 10
40. Let the observations xi (1  i  10) satisfy the equations,  (xi  5)  10 and  (xi  5)2  40 . If µ and  are the
i 1 i 1
mean and the variance of the observations, x1 – 3, x2 – 3, ....., x10 – 3, then the ordered pair (µ, ) is equal to :
[JEE Main 2020]
(A) (6, 3) (B) (3, 6) (C) (3, 3) (D) (6, 6)

41. Let X  x  N : 1  x  17 and Y= ax  b : x  X and a, b R,a  0 . If mean and variance of elements of Y are
17 and 216 respectively then a + b is equal to: [JEE Main 2020]
(A) –27 (B) 7 (C) –7 (D) 9
42. If the variance of the terms in an increasing A.P., b1, b2, b3, ...., b11 is 90, then the common difference of this A.P.
is ____ [JEE Main 2020]
43. For the frequency distribution:
Variate(x): x1 x2 x3 .... x15
Frequency(f): f1 f2 f3 ..... f15
15
where 0 < x1 < x2 < x3 < ....< x15 = 10 and f
i 1
i  0, the standard deviation cannot be: [JEE Main 2020]

(A) 1 (B) 4 (C) 6 (D) 2

10 10
2
44. Let x i (1  i  10) be ten observations of a random variable X. If  x i  p   3 and  x
i 1
i  p   9 where
i 1

0  p  R , then the standard deviation of these observations is : [JEE Main 2020]

7 9 3 4
(A) (B) (C) (D)
10 10 5 5
45. The mean and variance of 8 observations are 10 and 13.5, respectively. If 6 of these observations are 5, 7, 10, 12, 14,
15, then the absolute difference of the remaining two observations is: [JEE Main 2020]
(A) 3 (B) 9 (C) 7 (D) 5

46. If the variance of the following frequency distribution :

Class : 10–20 20–30 30–40
Frequency : 2 x 2
is 50, then x is equal to____ [JEE Main 2020]

47. The mean and variance of 7 observations are 8 and 16, respectively. If five observations are 2,4,10,12,14, then the
absolute difference of the remaining two observations is: [JEE Main 2020]
(A) 1 (B) 4 (C) 3 (D) 2

48. If the mean and the standard deviation of the data 3, 5, 7, a, b are 5 and 2 respectively, then a and b are the roots of
the equation: [JEE Main 2020]
(A) x2 – 20x + 18 = 0 (B) x2 – 10x + 19 = 0 (C) 2x2 – 20x + 19 = 0 (D) x2 – 10x + 18 = 0

n n
49. If  (x i  a)  n and  (x i  a)2  na , (n, a > 1) then the standard deviation of n observations x1, x2, ..., xn is :
i 1 i 1

[JEE Main 2020]

(A) n a  1 (B) na  1 (C) a – 1 (D) a  1

50. Consider the data on x taking the values 0, 2, 4, 8, .....,2n with frequencies n C0 ,n C1 ,n C 2 ,....n C n , respectively. If the

mean of this data is 728

n
, then n is equal to ______ [JEE Main 2020]
2

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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Statistics

ANSWER KEY
EXERCISE-I
1. (B) 2. (D) 3. (C) 4. (C) 5. (A) 6. (B) 7. (B)
8. (D) 9. (B) 10. (D) 11. (B) 12. (B) 13. (C) 14. (D)
15. (B) 16. (A) 17. (D) 18. (B) 19. (C) 20. (C) 21. (D)
22. (B) 23. (C) 24. (D) 25. (C) 26. (B) 27. (B) 28. (D)
29. (D) 30. (B) 31. (D) 32. (C) 33. (B) 34. (B) 35. (B)
36. (A) 37. (D) 38. (B) 39. (B) 40. (B) 41. (B) 42. (A)
43. (A) 44. (C) 45. (A) 46. (C) 47. (B)

EXERCISE-II
1. (C) 2. (B) 3. (B) 4. (A) 5. (A) 6. (A) 7. (D)
8. (A) 9. (C) 10. (D) 11. (B) 12. (D) 13. (B) 14. (A)
15. (B) 16. (A) 17. (B) 18. (A) 19. (D) 20. (B) 21. (B)
22. (C) 23. (D) 24. (A) 25. (A) 26. (B) 27. (A) 28. (C)
29. (A) 30. (D) 31. (D) 32. (D) 33. (B) 34. (B) 35. (C)
36. (18) 37. (54) 38. (A) 39. (B) 40. (C) 41. (C) 42. (3)
43. (C) 44. (B) 45. (C) 46. (4) 47. (D) 48. (B) 49. (D)
50. (6)

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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Statistics
SOLUTIONS
EXERCISE-1
1. (B)
a  (a  d)  (a  2d)  .....  {a  (n  1)d}
 x =
n
na  {1  2  3  .....  (n  1)}d
=
n
(n  1)  n
na  d
= 2
n
(n  1)
=a+ d
2
2. (D)
2  4  6  ....  (2n  2)  2n
 A.M. =
n
2[1  2  3  .....  (n  1)  n]
=
n
2n(n  1)
=
2n
= 2n
3. (C)
n
C0  n C1  n C2  ....  n Cn
 A.M. =
n 1

2n
=
n 1
4. (C)
130  126  68  50  1
 x =
5
375
=
5
= 75
5. (A)
x1  x 2  x 3  .....  x n
 x =
n
 x1 + x2 + x3 +.....+ xn = n x .....(i)
Ths sum of deviations of observations from mean
= (x1 – x ) + (x2 – x ) +.....+ (xn – x )
= (x1 + x2 + x3 +.....+ xn) – n x
=nx –nx =0
[from (i)]
6. (B)
Let new term is y.

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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Statistics
x1  x 2  x 3  .....  x 9
 = 15
9
 x1 + x2 + x3 +.....+ x9 = 135 .....(i)
(x1  x 2  x 3  .....  x 9 )  y
A/C to problem, = 16
10
 135 + y = 160
 y = 160 – 135
= 25
7. (B)
1  2  3  4  .....  (n  1)  n
 x =
n
n  7 n(n  1) n  7 n 1
   
3 2n 3 2
 2n + 14 = 3n + 3  n = 14 – 3
 n = 11
8. (D)
x1  x 2  x 3
  14 .....(i)
3
x 4  x5
 x1 + x2 + x3 = 42 and = 18
2
 x4 + x5 = 36 .....(ii)
 x1 + x2 + x3 + x4 + x5 = 178
x1  x 2  x 3  x 4  x 5
Now, x 
5
78
=
5
= 15.6
9. (B)
x  (x  2)  (x  4)  (x  6)  (x  8)
 = 11
5
(0  2  4  6  8)
 x+ = 11
5
 x = 11 – 4 = 7
(x  4)  (x  6)  (x  8)
The Mean of last three observations =
3
= x + 6 = 13
10. (D)
x1  x 2  x 3  .....  x n
 x = .....(i)
n
The mean of the new set
(x1  )  (x 2  )  (x 3  )  .....  (x n  )
=
n

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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Statistics
(x1  x 2  x 3  .....  x n ) n
= 
n n
= x –
11. (B)
Let deleted observations are x49 & x50
 x49 = 30 & x50 = 42
(say)
x1  x 2  x 3  .....  x 48  x 49  x50
 = 36
50
 x1 + x2 +.....+ x48 + 30 + 42 = 1800
x1  x 2  x 3  .....  x 48 1728
  = 36
48 48
12. (B)
Assumed Mean
13. (C)
x1  x 2  x 3  .....  x n
 x .....(i)
n
 x1 + x2 + x3 +.....+ xn–5 + xn–4 = k .....(ii)
The mean of Remaining Observations
x n 3  x n 2  x n 1  x n
=
4
(x1  x 2  .....  x n )  (x1  x 2  ......  x n 4 )
=
4
nx  k
=
4
14. (D)
f1x1  f 2 x 2  f3 x 3  .....  f n x n
x
f1  f 2  f3  .....  f n

1 1 1
1 1  2   3   .....  n 
= 2 3 n
1  2  3  .....  n
1  1  1  ....  1
=
n(n  1)
2
2n
=
n(n  1)
2
=
n 1
15. (B) Minimum
16. (A)

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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Statistics

1 5  2  4  3  f  4  2  5  3  f i x i 
 x  x  
5 4 f 23  f i 

5  8  3f  8  15 36  3f
 2.6 =  2.6 =
14  f 14  f
 36 + 3f = 14 × 2.6 + 2.6 f  3f – 2.6f = 36.4 – 36

 0.4f = 0.4  f= 1
17. (D)
Weighted Mean : If x takes values x1, x2,....., xn with their respective weights w1, w2,....., wn then Weighted Mean is
given by
w1x1  w 2 x 2  .....  w n x n w i x i
W.M. = =
w1  w 2  .....  w n w i
18. (B) Here

11  2  2  3  3  .....  n  n  w i x i 
W.M. =  W.M.  
1  2  3  .....  n  w i 

n(n  1)(2n  1)
12  22  32  .....  n 2 6
= =
1  2  3  .....  n n(n  1)
2

n(n  1)(2n  1) 2
= 
6 n(n  1)
2n  1
=
3
19. (C)
Mean of the composite of the k groups :
If x1 , x 2 , x 3.....x k are means of k groups having n1, n2,....., nk members, then mean of the k groups combined, is given
n1x1  n 2 x 2  .....  n k x k n1 4
by : x Now, Given : 
n1  n 2  .....  n k n2 3

n1x  n 2 y
Average income of combined group =
n1  n 2

n1 n 4
x 2 y xy
n2 n2 3 4x  3y
= = 4 =
n1 n 2 7
 1
n 2 n2 3
20. (C)
Given : Mean weight of boys is 65 kg.  x (say) 
and Mean weight of girls is 55 kg  y (say) 
Mean weigth of all students of group is 61 kg,  z (say) 
Let no. of boys = n1 & no. of girls = n2

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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Statistics
Now,
n1x  n 2 y
 z=  z =
n1  n 2

n1
xy
n2
n1
1
n2

 n1 
   65  55
 n2  n 
 61 =  61 =  1  + 61 = 65 .
n1  n2 
1
n2

 n1 
  + 55
 n2 

n  n1 3
 4=  1  =6  
 n2  n2 2

21. (D)
x1, x2, x3,..... xn–2, xn–1, xn
Let n = 2m
x1, x2, x3 ,..... xm, xm+1, xm+2 ,....., x2m–2, x2m–1, x2m

x m  x m1    
Median = i.e., median = mean of  x n  and  x n  1 
2    
 2  2 
th
n n 
Here, median = Mean of   &   1 terms
2 2 
22. (B)
Ascending order of magnitude : 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14
Median = 10
23. (C)

xi fi Cumulative frequency
3 3 3
6 4 7
7 13 20
10 2 22
12 8 30
15 10 40
fi = N = 40
N 40
   20
2 2
N
we have to identify the observation whose comulative frequency is equal to or just greater than for median.
2

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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Statistics
Here Median = 7.

24. (D) Neither origin nor scale.

25. (C)
xi 4 5 6 7 8 9
fi 3 4 5 8 7 6
 7 has the maximum frequency
 Mode = 7
26. (B)
x 4 5 6 7 8
f 6 7 10 8 3
 6 has the maximum frequency
 Mode = 6
27. (B)
Class 0.5-10.5 10.5-20.5 20.5-29.5 29.5-39.5 39.5-49.5
f 5 7 8 6 4
Here, the class 20.5 – 29.5 has maximum frequency.
So, modal class is 20.5 – 29.5
  = 20.5 and h = 10
f m  f1
Mode =+ ×h
2f m  f1  f2

87
= 20.5 + × 10
16  7  6
 23.83
28. (D)
For a normal distribution : Mean = Median = Mode

29. (D)
For a moderately skewed distribution : Mode = 3 Median – 2 Mean
30. (B)
2, 3, 7, 9, 8, 7, 6,
5,
7, 4, 3
Range = 9 – 2 = 7
f i | d i |
31. (D) f i

xi –1 0 4
32. (C)
|xi – A| 2 1 3
1  0  4
Here A = =1
3
 | xi  A | 6
  2
N 3

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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Statistics

xi 70 42 63 34 44 54 55 46 38 48

33. (B) xi  34 38 42 44 46 48 54 55 63 70
|xi – M| 13 9 5 3 1 1 7 8 16 23

46  48
Median = = 47
2
 | x i  M | 86
= = = 8.6
n 10
Mean deviation 1.2
34. (B) Coeff. of mean deviation = = = 0.4
Mean 3

35. (B) less than the mean deviation from any other central value

36. (A) x = hu

37. (D) 1, 2,.....n

n(n  1) n 1
Mean = x
2n 2

x i2
2 = – (x )2
n
2
n(n  1)(2n  1)  n  1 
=  
6n  2 

n2  1
2 =
12

n2  1
S.D. =
12

xi 112 116 120 125 132

38. (B) 2
|xi - A| 81 25 1 16 121

x i 605
Mean =  
N 5

 | x i  A |2 244
Variance = = = 48.8
N 5

2
d i2  di 
39. (B) S.D. = 
N  N 

2
18  12 
S.D. = 
10  10 

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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Statistics

9 36
= 
5 25

45  36 3
= 
25 5

xi 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
40. (B) 2
|xi - A| 9 4 1 0 1 4 9

x i 28
Mean =  
N 7

 | x i  A |2
Variance =
N

28
2 = =4
7
= 4 =2
41. (B) a, a + d,..... a + 2nd
a  a  d  .....  (a  2nd)
x=
2n  1

2n  1
 2a  2nd 
x 2 = a + nd
2n  1
xi2 = a2 + (a + d)2 +.....+ (a + 2nd)2
xi2 = (2n + 1)a2 + d2(1 + 4 + 9 +.....+ (2n)2) + 2ad(1 + 2 +.....+ 2n)
(2n(2n  1)(4n  1)) 2n(2n  1)
= (2n + 1)a2 + d2 + 2ad
6 2

(n(2n  1)(4n  1))

= (2n + 1)a2 + d2 + 2ad n(2n + 1)
3
(n(4n  1))
xi2 = a2 + d2 + 2nad
3

xi2
2 = – ( x )2
2n  1

(n(4n  1))
2 = a2 + d2 + 2and – (a + nd)2
3

d 2 (n(4n  1))
2 = – n2d2
3
2 2
 4n  n  3n 
2 = d2  3

 

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 n2  n 
2 = d2  
 3 

42. (A) Only origin


43. (A) 50 = × 100
x
x = 2 = 2 × 20 = 40

44. (C) S.D. = 

1 2
2 = xi  (x) 2
N
2
1  (x i  ) 
= (x i  )2   
N  N 

2
1 2 2  x  
= (xi    2x i )   i 
N  N N 

2
x i2 x  x 
=   2  2 i   i   
N N  N 

2
x i2  x i 
= 
N  N 
2 = 2

xi 2 4 6 8 10
45. (A) 2
|xi - M| 16 4 0 4 16

x i 30
Mean =  6
N 5

 | x i  M |2 40
variance =  8
N 5
2
1  x 
46. (C) 2 = (x i )2   i 
N  N 

2
1 2  x i 
= 2 x i   
N  N 
S.D. = || 

ax i  b
47. (C) Given that standard deviation of xi is . Then standard deviation of variante
c

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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Statistics

2 2
 ax  b    ax i  b  
 i    
 c    c 
=
n  n 
 
 

2
(a 2 x i2  b 2  2abx i )  ax i b 
=  
c2n  nc cn 

2
a 2 x i2 b 2 2abx i  a x i b 
=  2 2   
c2 n c c n c n c

a
=
c

EXERCISE-2
1. (C)
Let the mean of the marks of Boys = x1 , and the mean of the marks of Girls = x 2
n1x1  n 2 x 2
 x
n1  n 2

70  75  30x 2
 72 =
70  30
 7200 = 5250 + 30 x 2
1950
 x2 =
30
 x 2 = 65

2. (B)
Given, N = 15, x2 = 2830, x = 170
Since, one observation 20 was replaced by 30, then
x2 = 2830 – 400 + 900 = 3330 and x =
170 – 20 + 30 = 180
2
x 2  x 
Variance, 2 = 
N  N 
2
3330  180 
= 
15  15 
3330  12 180
=
15
3330  2160 1170
= 
15 15
= 78.0

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3. (B)
Given that, for binomial disrtibution mean,
np = 4 and variance, npq = 2.
1 1 1
 q= , but p + q = 1  p= and n× =4
2 2 2
 n=8
7 1
1 1
Weknow, P(X = r) = nCrprqn–r  P(X = 1) = 8C1    
2 2

1 1 1
=8× 8
 5
2 2 32
4. (A)
Median of new set remains the same as that of the original set.
5. (A)
It is true that mode can be computed from histogram and median is not independent of change of scale.
But variance is independent of change of origin and not of scale.
Hence onption (C) is correct.
6. (A)
In the 2n observations, half of them equal to a and remaining half equal to – a. Then the mean of total 2n observation
is equal to zero.

(x  x) 2 x 2
 SD =  2=  4 =
N 2n

x 2
2n

2na 2
 4=  a2 = 4 
2n
|a| = 2
7. (D)
Given that, mean =4
and np =4
and variance =2
 npq = 2  4q = 2 
1
q=
2

1 1
 p=1–q=1– =
2 2
Also, n=8
Probability of 2 successes = P(X = 2)
= 8C2 p2q6
2 6
8! 1 1
=    
2! 6!  2   2 

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1 28
= 28 × 8

2 256
8. (A)
Given that, mean = 21
and median = 22
Using the relation,
Mode = 3 Median – 2 Mean
 Mode = 3(22) – 2(21)
= 66 – 42 = 24
9. (C)
Given that, xi2 = 400 and xi = 80, since 2  0
2
i2  x i  400 6400
 2 0
  0 
n  n  n n
 n  16
10. (D)
Since, variance is independent of change of origin. Therefore, variance of observations 101, 102,.....,200 is same as
variance of 151, 152,.....,250.
VA
 VA = VB  =1
VB
11. (B)
Let the number of boys and girls be x and y.
 52x + 42y = 50(x + y)  52x + 42y = 50x + 50y 
2x = 8y
 x = 4y
 Total number of students in the class = x + y = 4y + y = 5y
4y
 Required percentage of boys = × 100 % = 80 %
5y
12. (D)

(6  a)2  (6  b)2  (6  8)2 

 
  (6  5)2  (6  10)2 
According to given condition 6.80 =
5
 34 = (6 – a)2 + (6 – b)2 + 4 + 1 = 16  (6 – a)2 + (6 –
b)2 = 13 = 9 + 4
 (6 – a)2 + (6 – b)2 = 32 + 22  a = 3, b = 4

13. (B)
1 A 1  B 2
Given that, P(A) = , P   and P  
4  B 2 A 3

 A  P(A  B)
We know, P   .....(i)
 B P(B)

 B  P(B  A)
and P   .....(ii)
A P(A)

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B
P    P(A)
A
 P(B) =
A
P 
B

 2  1 
   1
 3  4  
=
1 3
 
2
14. (A)
n
(a  l )
Sum of quantities 2
(x)  
n n
1
= [1 + 1 + 100d] = 1 + 50d
2
1
 MD =
n | x  x |
i  255

1
= [50d + 49d + 48d +....+ d + 0 + d +....+ 50d]
101
2d  50  51 
=
101  2 
255 101
 d= = 10.1
50  51
15. (B)
 x2 = 4 and y2 = 5
Also, x = 2 and y = 4
x i
Now, 2  xi = 10 ; yi = 20
5
1 2 1
and x2 = 
2
x i   (x)

2

5
  y   16
2
i

2 2
 x i  40 and y i  105

2
2z 
1
10
  x   y    x 2 y 
2
i
2
i

1 145  90 55 11
= (40 + 105) – 9 =  
10 10 10 2
16. (A)
Median of a, 2a, 3a, 4a,....50a is

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25a  26a
= (25.5) a
2
50

 | x  Median |
i 1
i

MD (about median) =
N
1
 50 = {2|a|  (0  5 + 1  5 + 2  5 +.....+ 24  5)}
50
25
 2500 = 2|a|  (25)
2
 |a| = 4
17. (B)
Correct mean = old mean + 2 = 30 + 2 = 32
As, standard deviation is independent of change of origin.
 It remains same
 Standard deviation = 2
18. (A)
2x1  2x 2  .....  2x n  x  x 2  .....  x n 
A.M. of 2x1, 2x2,....2xn is  2 1   2x
n  n 
So statement-2 is false
variance (2xi) = 22 variance (xi) = 42
So statement-1 is true
19. (D)
[JEE MAIN-2013]
2

If initially all marks were x1 then 12 

x 1  x
N
Now each is increased by 10
2

22 
  x
 12
1  10    x  10  
N
So variance will not change whereas mean median and mode will increase by 10.
20. (B)
2

2  
x i

  x2
 n 
 
50

 2r
r 1
x  51
50
50
2
 4r 2
2  r 1
  51  833
50
21. (B)

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a1  a 2  a 3  .....  a15  16
 16 .....(i)
16
a1  a 2  a 3  .....  a15  (3  4  5)
 ?? .....(ii)
18
(i) a1 + a2 + a3 +.....+ a15 = (16)2 – 16

(16)2  16  12
(ii)
18
256  4 252
=   14
18 18
mean = 14
22. (C)
2
x i2  xi 
S.D. =  
n  n 

2
49 4  9  a 2  121  16  a 
  
4 4  4 
 3a2 – 32a + 84 = 0
23. (D)
2
 xi 2    xi  45  9 
2
S.D =
n  n   
9  9 
 

 5 1  2

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