Scribd
Upload
9 views3 pages

Final Metro-1

The document discusses linear measurement principles, focusing on the dimensions and tolerances of a hole and shafting system, and the design considerations for linear measurement instruments. It highlights the importance of accuracy, precision, and usability in measuring devices, such as depth gauges and slip gauges, including their functional features and the phenomenon of wringing. Additionally, it addresses the classification of slip gauges based on guaranteed accuracy for various applications.

Uploaded by

f20220993
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
9 views3 pages

Final Metro-1

The document discusses linear measurement principles, focusing on the dimensions and tolerances of a hole and shafting system, and the design considerations for linear measurement instruments. It highlights the importance of accuracy, precision, and usability in measuring devices, such as depth gauges and slip gauges, including their functional features and the phenomenon of wringing. Additionally, it addresses the classification of slip gauges based on guaranteed accuracy for various applications.

Uploaded by

f20220993
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 3

28-02-2025

Numerical Linear measurement


• Distances have to be measured between two lines or two surfaces
A hole and shafting system has the dimension 60 H7/m6. The or between a line and a surface
standard tolerance is given by
𝑖 = 0.45 𝐷 + 0.001𝐷 • When the distance between two engraved lines is used to measure
D = diameter (mm) of geometric mean step of 50 – 80 mm the length, it is called line standard or line measurement
i = standard tolerance (microns)
Grade 6 multiplier is 10 and grade 7 multiplier is 16 • The most common examples are yard and metre
Fundamental deviation for fit ‘m’ is given by
• When the distance between two flat parallel surfaces is considered
𝐹𝐷 = 𝐼𝑇7 − 𝐼𝑇6 for the relevant range of diameter
a measure of length, it is known as end standard or end
(a) Find class of fit measurement
(b) Sketch the fit and show dimensions
• The most common examples are measurements using slip gauges,
ends of micrometer anvils, Vernier calipers, etc.
2/28/2025 106 2/28/2025 107

Linear measurement Design of linear measurement instruments


Comparison of line and end standards

• Linear measurement instruments have to be designed to meet


stringent demands of accuracy and precision

• At the same time, the instruments should be simple to operate and


low priced to make economic sense for the user

• The following points highlight important considerations that have


to be addressed in the design of linear measurement instruments

 The measuring accuracy of line-graduated instruments depends


on the original accuracy of the line graduations. Excessive
thickness or poor definition of graduated lines affects the
accuracy of readings captured from the instrument.

2/28/2025 108 2/28/2025 109

4
28-02-2025

V – blocks Scaled instruments

• Rules are useful for many shop floor measurements

• Measurements of certain components require some mechanical


means to either hold the measuring device steadily against the
component being measured or capture the reading, which can be
read at leisure

 Depth Gauge

 Combination Set

 Calipers

2/28/2025 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CGiR3D05-gI
118 2/28/2025 119

Depth Gauge Depth Gauge

Depth gauge is the preferred instrument


for measuring holes, grooves, and
recesses

2/28/2025 120 2/28/2025 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jpkf2eQFd0Q 121

7
28-02-2025

Slip gauges Slip gauges


• Hardening is followed by stabilizing at a
sub-zero temperature to relieve stresses • Carbide gauge blocks are used for their superior wear resistance
developed during heat treatment and longer life

• This is followed by finishing the measuring • They also have low coefficient of thermal expansion
faces to a high degree of accuracy,
flatness, and surface finish • However, they are quite expensive and used when rapid wear of
gauges is to be avoided
• The height of a slip gauge is engraved on
one of the rectangular faces, which also
Functional features of a slip gauge • Slip gauges are classified into grades depending on their
features a symbol to indicate the two guaranteed accuracy. The grade defines the type of application
measured planes for which a slip gauge is suited, such as inspection, reference, or
• The length between the measuring surfaces, flatness, and calibration
surface conditions of measuring faces are the most important
requirements of slip gauges
2/28/2025 130 2/28/2025 131

Wringing of Slip Gauges Wringing of Slip Gauges


• Wringing is the phenomenon of adhesion of two flat and • When two surfaces are brought into contact, some
smooth surfaces when they are brought into close contact with amount of space exists between them. This is because
each other of surface irregularities and presence of dirt, oil,
grease, or air pockets
• The force of adhesion is such that the stack of a set of blocks
will almost serve as a single block, and can be handled and • Assuming that the two surfaces are perfectly flat with
moved around without disturbing the position of individual highly finished surfaces, free from dirt and oil, and
blocks firmly pressed together, a question arises as to why the
blocks stick together so firmly that even a high
• If the surfaces are clean and flat, the thin layer of film separating magnitude of force acting perpendicular to their
the blocks will also have negligible thickness surfaces will not be able to separate them

• Stacking of multiple blocks of known dimensions will give the • A combination of two factors appears to ensure this
overall dimension with minimum error high adhesion force
2/28/2025 132 2/28/2025 133

10

You might also like