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TCP in Ip

The document explains the relationship between Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and Internet Protocol (IP) within the TCP/IP suite. IP is responsible for addressing and routing data packets, while TCP provides reliable, ordered communication by segmenting data and ensuring correct delivery. Together, they form the foundation of internet communication, with TCP adding essential reliability and connection management to the basic packet transmission handled by IP.

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Surendranath Koujageri
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10 views1 page

TCP in Ip

The document explains the relationship between Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and Internet Protocol (IP) within the TCP/IP suite. IP is responsible for addressing and routing data packets, while TCP provides reliable, ordered communication by segmenting data and ensuring correct delivery. Together, they form the foundation of internet communication, with TCP adding essential reliability and connection management to the basic packet transmission handled by IP.

Uploaded by

Surendranath Koujageri
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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The term "TCP in IP" refers to the fundamental way the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

operates within the Internet Protocol (IP) suite, commonly known as TCP/IP.
Here's a breakdown of their relationship:
●​ IP (Internet Protocol): This is the foundational protocol responsible for addressing and
routing data packets across a network. Think of IP as the postal service; it figures out
where the data needs to go (the IP address) and how to get it there (routing). IP is
connectionless and unreliable, meaning it doesn't guarantee delivery or the order in
which packets arrive.
●​ TCP (Transmission Control Protocol): This protocol operates on top of IP and provides
reliable, ordered, and connection-oriented communication between applications. If IP
is the postal service, TCP is like registered mail with delivery confirmation and a system to
ensure all pieces of a larger message arrive in the correct sequence.
Here's how TCP uses IP:
1.​ Segmentation: When an application sends data, TCP breaks it down into smaller units
called segments.
2.​ Addressing: TCP adds a header to each segment that includes source and destination
port numbers (to identify the specific applications communicating) and sequence numbers
(to ensure correct reassembly). It then relies on IP to add the destination IP address to
the packet.
3.​ Transmission: TCP passes these segments to the IP layer for transmission across the
network. IP handles the actual routing of these packets.
4.​ Reassembly and Ordering: At the receiving end, IP delivers the individual packets to the
TCP layer of the destination application. TCP then uses the sequence numbers in its
headers to reassemble the segments into the original data stream in the correct order.
5.​ Reliability: TCP ensures reliability through mechanisms like:
○​ Acknowledgements (ACKs): The receiver sends back acknowledgements to
confirm receipt of data segments.
○​ Retransmission: If an acknowledgement isn't received within a certain timeframe,
the sender retransmits the lost segment.
○​ Error Detection: TCP uses checksums to detect corrupted data and requests
retransmission.
○​ Flow Control: TCP manages the rate of data transmission to prevent the sender
from overwhelming the receiver.
○​ Connection Establishment and Termination: TCP establishes a connection
(using a "three-way handshake") before data transfer begins and gracefully closes
the connection when communication is complete.
In summary, TCP relies on IP to handle the basic task of getting data packets from one
point to another. TCP then adds the crucial layers of reliability, order, and connection
management to ensure applications can communicate effectively and dependably. The
combination of these two protocols is so fundamental to internet communication that the entire
suite is named after them: TCP/IP.

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