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ACTIVITIESMODULE5

The document provides a summary of VSEPR arrangements and shapes for various molecular frameworks, detailing their geometries, bond angles, and examples. It includes practice exercises on drawing structures, predicting bond angles, and determining molecular polarity. Additionally, it contains a series of questions and answers related to molecular shapes and polarities.

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sierrakendall260
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15 views7 pages

ACTIVITIESMODULE5

The document provides a summary of VSEPR arrangements and shapes for various molecular frameworks, detailing their geometries, bond angles, and examples. It includes practice exercises on drawing structures, predicting bond angles, and determining molecular polarity. Additionally, it contains a series of questions and answers related to molecular shapes and polarities.

Uploaded by

sierrakendall260
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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ACTIVITIES MODULE 5

Data sheet
Practice on VSPER, Frameworks and shapes
Summary of VSEPR Arrangements and Shapes for Molecules
Abbrev. Framework Shape or Geometry Angles E.g.,
AB2 linear (2) linear 180° CO2,HCN
AB3 trigonal planar (3) trigonal planar 120° BF3,COCl2
AB2E trigonal planar (3) bent/angular < 120° O3, SO2
AB4 tetrahedral (4) tetrahedral 109.5° CH4,CH3Cl
AB3E tetrahedral (4) trig. pyramidal < 109.5° NH3
AB2E2 tetrahedral (4) bent/angular < 109.5° H2O
AB5 trig. bipyramidal (5) trig. bipyramidal 90°,120° PCl5,PCl4F
AB4E trig. bipyramidal (5) see-saw < 90°/120° SF4
AB3E2 trig. bipyramidal (5) T-shaped < 90°/180° ClF3
AB2E3 trig. bipyramidal (5) linear 180° XeF2,BrICl-
AB6 octahedral (6) octahedral 90° SF6
AB5E octahedral (6) sq. pyramidal 90° IF5
°
AB4E2 octahedral (6) square planar 90 XeF4

Practice 1: Draw structures of each type of framework and determine the corresponding shapes:

Linear system: HCN


Planar Triangular: CO32–
SO2
Tetrahedral arrangement: CH4
SO32– & NH3
H2O
Trigonal Bipyramidal Arrangement: PCl5
SeF4
ClF3
XeF2

Octahedral arrangement: SF6


XeOF4
ICl4–
Practice 2: Predict the structures and relevant bond angles for XeF4.
Practice on polarity
Practice 3: CF4 Non-polar - why?

Practice 4: CHCl3 Polar - why?

Practice 5: CS32-, AsO43- and AsCl4+ are not polar why?

Questions
Question 1: The central atom in the bromate ion, BrO3–, is surrounded by

A) 2 bonds (B2) and 2 unshared pairs of e–’s (E2).


B) 3 bonds (B3) and 1 unshared pair of e–’s (E).
C) 1 bond (B) and 3 unshared pairs of e–’s (E3).
D) 2 double bonds (B2) and no unshared pairs of e–’s.
E) 4 bonds (B4) pairs and 4 lone pairs of e–’s (E4).

Question 2: The molecular shape of the SF4 is best described as

A) square pyramidal.
B) bent.
C) tetrahedral.
D) trigonal bipyramidal.
E) seesaw.

Question 3: The F–Br–F bond angle in BrF5 is

A) » 120°
B) < 120° but >109°
C) » 109°
D) » 90°

Question 4: The molecular geometry for the chlorate ions (ClO3- )is best described as

A) tetrahedral
B) “T” shaped
C) trigonal pyramidal
D) trigonal planar
E) octahedral

Question 5: What is the shape of AsF4-?

A) Seesaw
B) Tetrahedral
C) Square planar
D) Square pyramidal
E) Trigonal bipyramidal
Question 6: Place HCN, H2O and H3O+ in order of increasing X-A-X bond angle, where A represents
the central atom and X represents the outer atoms in each molecules

A) H2O = H3O+ < HCN


B) H3O+ < H2O < HCN
C) HCN < H3O+ < H2O
D) H3O+ < HCN < H2O
E) H2O < H3O+ < HCN

Question 7: Of the following molecules, the only one with no permanent dipole moment is

A) water, H2O.
B) ammonia, NH3.
C) carbon dioxide, CO2.
D) sulphur dioxide, SO2.
E) chloromethane, CH3Cl.

Question 8: Which of the following four molecules are polar: PH3, OF2, HF, SO3

A) all except SO3


B) only HF
C) only HF and OF2
D) none of these molecules
E) all of these molecules

Question 9: In the case of CO2 and SO2, are they both polar?

A) Yes, both are polar


B) No, neither is polar
C) No, only CO2 is polar
D) No, only SO2 is polar

Please also follow the course outline for additional


textbook questions.
Answers
Practice exercises:
Practice 1:
Linear system: HCN
 C has 1 single & 1 multiple bond = 2
 bond angle of 180

Planar Triangular: CO32–


 C has 2 singles & one multiple bond = 3
 O – C – O angle of 120 .
SO2
 S has a single bond, one multiple bond and 1 lone pair = 3 in total.
 molecule is bent
 O-S-O angle < 120

Tetrahedral arrangement: CH4

four single bonds



all H – C – H angles
 109.47°
2–
SO3 & NH3
 central atom: 3 single bonds & 1 lone pair.
 tetrahedral arrangement
 trigonal pyramidal shape (b/c of lone pair)
 O–S–O bond angle < 109.5°
H2O
 central atom: 2 single bonds & 2 lone pair.
 tetrahedral arrangement
 bent shape (b/c of lone pairs)
 O–H–O bond angle < 109.5°
Trigonal Bipyramidal Arrangement: PCl5
 5 + (5 × 7) = 40 electrons, or 20 pairs
 P forms 5 single bonds with Cl’s
 angles include 180, 120 & 90
Other shapes within trigonal bipyramidal:
SeF4
 4 bonds, 1 lone pair: Seesaw
ClF3
 3 bonds, 2 lone pairs: T-shaped
XeF2
 2 bonds, 3 lone pairs: Linear
Octahedral arrangement: SF6
 6 + (6 × 7) = 48 electrons, or 24 pairs
 S forms 6 single bonds with F’s
 angles include 180° & 90°
Other shapes within octahedral:
XeOF4
 5 bonds, 1 lone pair: Square pyramidal
ICl4–
 4 bonds, 2 lone pairs: Square planar
Practice 2: XeF4 has an octahedral framework with two lone pairs on the central atom

Lewis structure

F Xe F

AB4E2

Shape or geometry for XeF4 : is “Square planar”, bond angles are 90° and 180°

Practice 3: CF3 is tetrahedral all dipole moments along the C-F bonds are cancelling, thus the molecule is
NOT polar
F

C
F
F
F

Practice 4: CHCl3 is tetrahedral the three dipole moments along the C-Cl bonds are additive resulting in a
polar molecule.
H

C
Cl
Cl
Cl

Practice 5:
Practice Questions:
Question 1: B
Question 2: E
Question 3: D
Question 4: C
Question 5: A
Question 6: E
Question 7: C
Question 8: A
Question 9: D

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