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OOP

The document outlines the fundamentals of Object-Oriented Programming (OOP), highlighting its advantages such as easy maintenance and fast development, as well as disadvantages of traditional programming. Key OOP concepts include encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, and abstraction, along with details on access modifiers and constructors. It also discusses the significance of keywords like 'virtual', 'override', and 'new' in method overriding and polymorphism.

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10 views3 pages

OOP

The document outlines the fundamentals of Object-Oriented Programming (OOP), highlighting its advantages such as easy maintenance and fast development, as well as disadvantages of traditional programming. Key OOP concepts include encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, and abstraction, along with details on access modifiers and constructors. It also discusses the significance of keywords like 'virtual', 'override', and 'new' in method overriding and polymorphism.

Uploaded by

Abdulrahman
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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OOP (Object Oriented Programming )

Disadvantage of traditional programming ?


1- Difficult maintenance 2- slow development 3- difficult to read and update

Advantage of OOP ?
1- Easy maintenance 2- fast development 3- easy to read , organized code ,
modularity

OOP : collection of objects


Object : is instance of class and saved in memory
Class : is blueprint template describe the details of object
OOP Concepts ?
1- Encapsulation 2- inheritance 3- polymorphism 4- abstraction

Encapsulation ?
First face : group of elements have the same state (variables) and behavior package(methods) in
model (class)
Second face : data hidden

Name space : is a container to classes and allow to organize code in the shape of development
Nested name space : is container for name spaces and classes
Inheritance : ability to create new classes from existing class
Inheritance gool : reusing of code
Is a relationship : used to describe relationship between subclass and super class in inheritance case
Has a relationship : used to describe relationship between class and other class where first class
taken object from the last class

Sealed modifier : make this class can’t any class inherit from it
Diamond problem : 1-Class can inherit from only one class
2-Class can’t inherit from many classes

Access modifiers : key word added to declaration of class or class member (methods) to allow
restrict their accessibility

Types of access modifiers :


Public – private – protected – internal – protected internal
1- Public : access is not restricted
any method in class can saw any class even if in the same assembly file or other
assembly file
2- Private : 1-access is limited to containing type
2-Class or method can saw from only class it self or its method
When any class inherit from it , class can’t see private methods

3- Protected : 1-access is limited to containing class or types derived from containing class
2-Is similar to private except protected method showed to class inherit from it
even if in the same assembly file or other assembly file
4- Internal : access is limited to current assembly package
it shown to any class in the same assembly file even if in other name space
5- Protected internal : 1-access is limited to current assembly or types derived from containing
class
2- Is a union between internal modifier and protected modifier
3-Any class can inherit from it even if in the same assembly file or in other
assembly file and show methods in class

Constructor : used to initialize the data members during the object initialization
Constructor Guides :
1- Constructor is special method of class used to create valid instance of class
2- Constructor doesn’t have return type not even void
3- Constructor take the shape of method and don’t have return type or keyword
4- Class can have any number of constructor (overloading )
5- Constructor name should be the same as class name
6- Constructor have access modifiers
7- To exit from constructor use return statement

Types of Constructor ?
1- User-defined Constructor 2- default constructor

User-defined Constructor : Passing value during create class inherit from class
Default constructor : initialize data members with default value corresponding to data member
types

This keyword :1- used to differentiate class member and local member
2- Refer to current object of current class

Static member : functions don’t have this pointer


Static used for 1- variables 2- methods 3- constructor 4- class
Static class : 1- all methods in class must be static
2-Single copy to be shared all instance of class
3-Shared variables or shared methods when give value to method in class then all objects
inherit the same value

static constructor :
1- class have only one static constructor
2- static constructor has to be parameter less
3- static constructor can’t have any access modifier
4- it used to initialize static data members of class
5- for any number of object creation static constructor get executed only one
6- static constructor get executed when class get need for very first timeline application
7- static constructor can’t be invoked by programmer explicitly

polymorphism : 1- it mean many shapes


2-is ability to have many different forms to on shape

Polymorphism appear with : overloading 2- over riding 3- inheritance


Overloading : ability to define several methods all with the same name but in different signature
Different signature mean : changing of access modifiers or data type or number of variables
Over riding : class have the same name as method in base class to improve performance or add new
functionality

Over riding purpose :


Add new functionality or enhance method performance
Cancel the old implementation of method and write new

Keywords used for over ridded method ?


1- virtual 2- over ride 3- new 4- abstract
1- virtual : key word used to modify method declaration and allow it to be over ridden in derived
class
2- over ride : 1-modifier is required to extend or modify the abstract or virtual implementation of
inherited method
2-used to override on existing method in sub class

3- new : 1-when used as modifier new keyword hide member inherited from base class
2-hiding inherited methods mean that derived versions of the member replace the base
class

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