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Here Are The Answers

The document provides a comprehensive overview of HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and PHP, covering definitions, structures, and functionalities. Key topics include HTML's basic structure, the purpose of the <div> tag, CSS types and their precedence, and JavaScript's interaction with the DOM. It also includes practical examples such as creating forms, styling web pages, and managing data with PHP and MySQL.

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11 views12 pages

Here Are The Answers

The document provides a comprehensive overview of HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and PHP, covering definitions, structures, and functionalities. Key topics include HTML's basic structure, the purpose of the <div> tag, CSS types and their precedence, and JavaScript's interaction with the DOM. It also includes practical examples such as creating forms, styling web pages, and managing data with PHP and MySQL.

Uploaded by

rapchikbharti
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Here are the answers:

## 1. HTML Definition and Basic Structure

HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) is a standard markup language for creating web pages. The
basic structure includes:

- <!DOCTYPE html>

- <html>

- <head>

- <title>

- <body>

## 2. Purpose of <div> Tag

The <div> tag is a container element used to group and style HTML elements.

## 3. HTML5 Semantic Tags

Four HTML5 semantic tags are:

- <header>

- <nav>

- <main>

- <footer>

## 4. External CSS File

An external CSS file separates presentation logic from HTML, enabling easier maintenance and
reuse of styles.

## 5. ID vs Class Selectors

ID selectors (#) target a single element, while class selectors (.) target multiple elements.

## 6. JavaScript Events
An event is an action that triggers JavaScript code, such as a button click. Example: onclick
event.

## 7. Var, Let, and Const

- var: Function-scoped variable.

- let: Block-scoped variable.

- const: Block-scoped constant.

## 8. Cookies in PHP

Cookies are small files stored on a user's device, used to track user data and preferences.

## 9. PHP-MySQL Connection Syntax

$conn = new mysqli($servername, $username, $password, $dbname);

## 10. $_POST Superglobal

The $_POST superglobal is used to collect form data sent via the POST method.

## 11. Internet Definition

The Internet is a global network of interconnected computers and servers.

## 12. Internet Applications

The Internet has various applications, including:

- Communication (email, messaging)

- Information sharing (web pages, blogs)

- Online services (e-commerce, banking)

## 13. E-Commerce

E-commerce refers to buying and selling goods and services online.

## 14. WWW (World Wide Web)


The World Wide Web is a system of interlinked hypertext documents accessed via the Internet.

## 15. IP Address Definition

An IP address (Internet Protocol address) is a unique numerical identifier assigned to each


device on a network.

## Essay Type Question Answers

1. Compare and evaluate client-side scripting (JavaScript) and server-side scripting (PHP) with
examples.

- Client-side Scripting (JavaScript):

- Executes on the client's browser.

- Used for creating interactive web pages, validating forms, and updating content
dynamically.

- Example: Validating user input in a form before submitting it to the server.

- Server-side Scripting (PHP):

- Executes on the server.

- Used for managing databases, handling complex logic, and generating dynamic content.

- Example: Processing form data and storing it in a MySQL database.

2. Compare internal, external, and inline CSS in terms of maintainability and performance.

- Internal CSS:

- Defined within the <style> tag in the HTML document.

- Maintainability: Moderate, as it is mixed with HTML but is still somewhat organized.

- Performance: Good, as it reduces the number of HTTP requests.

- External CSS:

- Defined in a separate .css file.

- Maintainability: High, as it separates styling from HTML content.

- Performance: Good, as it can be cached by the browser.


- Inline CSS:

- Defined directly within HTML elements using the style attribute.

- Maintainability: Low, as it mixes styling with HTML content and is not reusable.

- Performance: Poor, as it increases the size of HTML documents and is not cacheable.

3. Explain the CSS Box Model in detail. Illustrate each component (content, padding, border,
margin) with a diagram and example. Also, describe how the box model affects layout and
element spacing in a webpage.

- The CSS Box Model consists of four components: content, padding, border, and margin.

- Content: The actual content of the element.

- Padding: The space between the content and the border.

- Border: The edge surrounding the padding and content.

- Margin: The space between the border and other elements.

Example:

.box {

width: 200px;

height: 100px;

padding: 20px;

border: 5px solid black;

margin: 10px;

The box model affects layout and spacing by determining the total size of an element
(width/height + padding + border + margin) and how elements are positioned relative to each
other.

4. Create a PHP-based contact form that stores user input into a MySQL database and sends a
confirmation email.
- HTML Form:

<form action="submit.php" method="post">

<input type="text" name="name" placeholder="Name">

<input type="email" name="email" placeholder="Email">

<textarea name="message"></textarea>

<input type="submit" value="Submit">

</form>

- PHP (submit.php):

<?php

$conn = new mysqli($servername, $username, $password, $dbname);

if ($conn->connect_error) {

die("Connection failed: " . $conn->connect_error);

$name = $_POST['name'];

$email = $_POST['email'];

$message = $_POST['message'];

$sql = "INSERT INTO contact (name, email, message) VALUES ('$name', '$email', '$message')";

if ($conn->query($sql) === TRUE) {

// Send confirmation email

$to = $email;

$subject = "Confirmation";

$body = "Thank you for contacting us!";

mail($to, $subject, $body);

echo "Form submitted successfully";

} else {

echo "Error: " . $sql . "<br>" . $conn->error;

}
$conn->close();

?>

5. Evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of using JavaScript frameworks (like React or
Vue) in modern web development.

- Advantages:

- Component-based architecture: Promotes reusability and maintainability.

- Efficient DOM manipulation: Improves performance.

- Large community and ecosystem: Provides extensive resources and libraries.

- Disadvantages:

- Steep learning curve: Requires significant time to master.

- Overhead: Can add unnecessary complexity for small projects.

- Frequent updates: Can lead to compatibility issues if not kept up-to-date.

## Additional Question

6. Analyze how JavaScript interacts with the DOM and modifies HTML elements.

- JavaScript interacts with the DOM (Document Object Model) by accessing and manipulating
HTML elements.

- It can modify elements by changing their properties, attributes, and content.

- Example:

document.getElement

Sure! Here’s a complete and detailed response to each question:

1. Create a basic HTML form that collects name, email, and password.

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>
<head>

<title>Registration Form</title>

</head>

<body>

<form action="submit.php" method="POST">

<label for="name">Name:</label>

<input type="text" id="name" name="name" required><br><br>

<label for="email">Email:</label>

<input type="email" id="email" name="email" required><br><br>

<label for="password">Password:</label>

<input type="password" id="password" name="password" required><br><br>

<input type="submit" value="Register">

</form>

</body>

</html>

2. Write CSS rules to style a webpage with a navigation bar, header, and footer.

/* Navigation Bar */

nav {

background-color: #333;

overflow: hidden;

nav a {

float: left;

color: white;

text-align: center;

padding: 14px 16px;


text-decoration: none;

nav a:hover {

background-color: #ddd;

color: black;

/* Header */

header {

background-color: #f2f2f2;

padding: 20px;

text-align: center;

font-size: 24px;

/* Footer */

footer {

background-color: #333;

color: white;

text-align: center;

padding: 10px;

position: relative;

bottom: 0;

width: 100%;

3. Explain different types of CSS and their precedence with examples.

Types of CSS:

1. Inline CSS – Style written directly in the HTML element.


<p style="color: red;">This is red text.</p>

2. Internal CSS – Style defined in a <style> tag inside the HTML <head>.

<style>

p { color: blue; }

</style>

3. External CSS – Style written in a separate .css file and linked to the HTML.

<link rel="stylesheet" href="styles.css">

Precedence (highest to lowest):

• Inline CSS > Internal CSS > External CSS

• More specific selectors override less specific ones.

• !important overrides everything.

Example:

<p style="color: green;">Green text</p>

<style>

p { color: blue !important; }

</style>

Despite the inline green style, the paragraph will appear blue because !important overrides it.

4. Create a JavaScript function that validates an email address input.


function validateEmail(email) {

const regex = /^[^\s@]+@[^\s@]+\.[^\s@]+$/;

if (regex.test(email)) {

alert("Valid email address!");

return true;

} else {

alert("Invalid email address!");

return false;

// Example usage:

const emailInput = document.getElementById("email");

emailInput.addEventListener("blur", () => {

validateEmail(emailInput.value);

});

5. Write PHP code to insert form data into a MySQL database.

<?php

$servername = "localhost";

$username = "root";

$password = "";

$database = "mydatabase";

// Create connection

$conn = new mysqli($servername, $username, $password, $database);

// Check connection

if ($conn->connect_error) {
die("Connection failed: " . $conn->connect_error);

// Collect and sanitize input

$name = $conn->real_escape_string($_POST['name']);

$email = $conn->real_escape_string($_POST['email']);

$password = password_hash($_POST['password'], PASSWORD_DEFAULT);

// Insert data

$sql = "INSERT INTO users (name, email, password) VALUES ('$name', '$email', '$password')";

if ($conn->query($sql) === TRUE) {

echo "Registration successful!";

} else {

echo "Error: " . $sql . "<br>" . $conn->error;

$conn->close();

?>

Ensure your MySQL table users exists with columns: id, name, email, password.

6. Analyze how JavaScript interacts with the DOM and modifies HTML elements.

JavaScript can dynamically interact with the DOM (Document Object Model) to manipulate the
content, structure, and style of web pages.

Key interactions:

• Selecting elements: document.getElementById, querySelector, etc.

• Changing content: .innerHTML, .textContent

• Changing styles: .style.property


• Event handling: addEventListener for clicks, inputs, etc.

Example:

<p id="demo">Original Text</p>

<button onclick="changeText()">Click Me</button>

<script>

function changeText() {

const element = document.getElementById("demo");

element.textContent = "Text changed using JavaScript!";

element.style.color = "blue";

</script>

This example changes the paragraph text and its color when the button is clicked,
demonstrating how JavaScript interacts with the DOM.

Would you like these examples combined into a single project or kept as separate parts?

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