DON BOSCO SCHOOL, KOKAR, RANCHI

Class VI ABCD

Subject: Geography

Chapter 1

Representation of Geographical Features: Globe and Map

1. Choose the correct answer from the options given below.

a. An imaginary line called the Equator running horizontally on the globe divides it into -----
- equal parts. 1) two 2) three 3) for 4) five

Ans:-Two

b. The art of drawing maps is called .

Ans: cartography

c. The direction halfway between north and east is called the

Ans: northeast

d. Political and physical maps are

Ans: small scale maps

e. -----forms the arch of a mountain.

Ans: Anticline

2. Name the following :

a. A large natural stream of water that flows from higher to lower ground –River

b. The small river that join the main river and enlarge its volume---tributaries

c.The triangular shaped alluvial deposits near the mouth of the river---Delta

d. The up fold part of a fold mountain--- Anticline

e.The down fold portions or troughs of a fold mountain –Syncline

3. True and false:

a. maps are never drawn to a scale .`false

b. Plans do not take much time to prepare. True

d. Distance is an important component of a map. True

e. The four direction north, south, east and west are called the intermediate directions. False

4. Answer the questions

a. What is a globe? How is a globe useful?

Ans. A globe is a three-dimensional model of the Earth. It is useful because it shows the shape, size and

Location of all the continents and oceans on the earth.

b. What is a map? What are the different elements of a map?

Ans. A map is a representation of the earth as a whole or parts of it, drawn on a flat surface to a scale.

There are five different elements of a map- title, scale, north line grid and legend.

c. What is sketch? Ans- A sketch is a rough drawing of a place that is not drawn to a scale. It is meant for
a specific purpose such as showing a route from one place to another.

d. Why is plan prepared? Ans- A plan is prepared to show more detail about a small area. Eg. A plan of
the school compound shows various building, play ground, and garden etc.

e. Explain the importance of maps. Ans – The importance of maps is explained as follows:

• A map is easy to handle as it can be folded or rolled. Hence it can be carried everywhere. It is
especially useful to navigators and travellers.
• It shows more details of small areas. Thus it is very imperative. It is especially useful to town
planners, administrators and the military.
• It may show particular features such as political divisions physical features and population with
appropriate colours and symbols. This makes theme based regional studies easier.

f. What are the different elements of a map ? Title: The type of information that a map shows
determines its title. Scale: The distance on the map relate to distances on the ground. North line:

It indicates the north direction and help us to find the direction of any place on the map. Grid: Grids are
regular horizontal and vertical lines. Thy help in finding places on the map.

g. Explain the different types of maps based on scale.

Ans: Based on their scale maps can be divided into large scale and small scale maps:

* Large scale maps: Large scale maps show a small area in detail as in topographical maps. Minute
features, both natural and man made such as trees, sand dunes, roads, bridges post offices and huts can
be shown on the large scale map with the help of appropriate colures and symbols. In this map 1 cm
may represent only 1km thus the features are clearly visible.

* Small scale maps: Small scale aps shown a large but do not show much detail. For ex. 1 cm on a map
may represent 200 km on the ground. World maps continent maps, political and physical maps mineral
and agricultural maps are small scale maps.

CHAPTER 2

LANDFORMS

1. Choose the correct options.

a. This is a young fold mountain in South America: 1. Rockies 2. Himalayas 3. Andes

Ans –Andes

b. This mountain was an example of: 1. Himalayas 2. Vindhyas 3. Mt. Kilimanjaro

Ans- Vindhyas

c. Deccan plateau is an example: 1. Intermontane plateau 2. Lava plateau 3. Dissected plateau

Ans-Lava plateau

2. True and False:

a. Old fold mountain have tall snow covered peaks.

False

b. The Tibetan plateau is an ancient lava plateau.

False

c. Plains are very rich in minerals reserves.

False

d. Rivers are navigable in the plains.

True

e. Terrace cultivation is done in the mountains.

True
3. Name the following:

a. One mountain that includes extinct volcanoes—Mt. Kilimanjaro

b. The three major ranges of the Himalayas – Himachal, Himadri, shiwaliks.

c. One of the longest rift valley systems of the world—Eastern African rift valley

d. Minerals found in the Chhota Nagpur plateau—Coal, iron bauxite, manganese, mica

4. Distinguish between the following:

a. Endogenous: The processes that take place below the surface of the earth in the interior are known
as endogenous or internal processes.eg. Folding, faulting and volcanic.

Exogenous: It operate above the earth’s surface. They include the work of wind, running water, glaciers
and various such agents.

b. Mountains: Narrow land masses that rise steeply to a few thousand meters above sea level while
forming peaks are called mountains. Some mountains occur as a single isolated land mass such as Mt.
Kilimanjaro in Africa. Several other occur as a long continuous chain known as a range of mountain.

Plateau: An extensive flat topped highland with steep sides that rises abruptly from the surrounding
area is known as a plateau. Plateaus are often lower than mountains in elevation. There broad and flat
summit has earned them the name of tableland.

c. Old fold : It is formed several hundred million year ago. They have gentle slope and low rounded
peaks, Since they have been worn down by agents of denudation such as river and glaciers over a long
period of time.

Young fold mountain: Young fold mountains that were formed a few million years ago are known as
young fold mountains. They generally consist of parallel ranges with steep slopes and tall peaks which
remain snow covered die to the higher elevations.

d. Fold mountain: Mountains are most commonly formed by creasing or buckling of the earth’s crust
due to force of compression. These are thus called fold mountains.

Block Mountain : Movement of the earth’s crust may sometimes cause cracks or fault to occur,
resulting in the crust breaking into blocks. These large blocks of crust ate also called crusted blocks.

e. Tibetan plateau: It is an extensive flat topped highland with steep side that rises abruptly from the
surrounding area. It is often lower than mountains in elevation. Their broad and flat summit has earned
them the name of tableland.

Deccan plateau: The Deccan of India is primarily of volcanic origin. When it continues over long period
of time, the lava sheets pile up and form a lava plateau. It is also a table land.
5. Explain how the following are formed:

a. Fold Mountain: are formed by creasing or buckling of the earth’s crust due to force of compression.
b. Block mountains and rift valleys are formed by the movement of the earth’s crust, may sometimes
cause cracks or faults to occur, resulting in the crust breaking into blocks. Rift valleys are bounded by
steep sided slopes of block mountains and have a flat floor.

c. Volcano mountains: are made up of molten materials known as magma along with ash and small rock
particles called cinders. These materials erupt from the earth’s interior through an opening known as
vent.

d. Lava plateau: Sometimes magma may come out form long narrow fissures or cracks on the ground
instead of a single vent. In such eruptions the magma spreads over large area and solidifies as lava
sheets.

e. Dissected plateau: When a plateau is traversed by several rivers deep valleys are cut on the surface
by the action of running water. Extensive erosion along these valleys results in the cutting up of the
plateau into smaller raised sections giving its surface an irregular appearance.

6. Give one reason to explain each of the following:

1. Plateaus are also referred to as ‘tableland’ It referred as tableland because it is made up of flat-
topped highland with steep sides.

2. Old fold mountains have low, rounded peaks: because they were formed several hundred million
years ago and they have gentle slopes and low rounded peaks since they have been worn down by
agents of denudation such as river and glaciers over a long period of time.

7. Answer the following questions:

a. State the reasons why, mountains are important to us.

Ans- a. Glaciers moving down the mountain slopes melt at low attitude and form stream that turns into
river. River provide water for irrigation, generation of electricity and navigation.

b. Mountains often block moist wind coming from the sea and force them to shed moisture, causing
rain.

c. Mountain may also modify the temperature of a place by blocking cold or warm winds.

d. Mountains are areas of dense vegetation which are home to many animals.

e. Mountain serve as ideal ground for pasture on which sheep and cattle can graze.

B. How are plateau beneficial for us?

Agriculture can be practiced in the lava plateaus as they are made up- of fertile black soil.

Plateaus creates many water falls which ideal for hydroelectricity power generation and some of the
plateaus render natural beauty to the landscape and hence have become attractive tourist spots.

c. How are alluvial plains formed?

Ans – Alluvial plain are formed by the deposition of alluvium by rivers. These plains are intensively
cultivated as they have fertile soil and abundant water supply. eg. The Northern plains of India.

d. Explain the major differences in the way of life of the people of the mountains and plains.

A. Life in the Mountains: * Mountains are rocky and steep, hence few people choose to live in its
difficult terrain. Most of the houses are made of wood and have slanting roofs. Since mountains and
hills are cooler people wear woolen clothing during many months in a year. Cultivation is difficult on
rugged slopes but tourism is common occupation. * Life in the plain: Plains are flat which makes it easy
to build houses and roads. Thus, plains are usually densely populated. In the plains most of houses are
made of bricks. Plain are fertile and easy to cultivate. Hence, many types of crops ate grown here. Large
scale industries are possible as the land surface is even and transport network is well developed.

CHAPTER 3

Water bodies

1. Match the following:

a. Amazon--------Selvas,

b. Nile--- longest river of the world

c. Ganga----Gangotri glacier

d. River Yangtze---China.

e. River Mississippi—North America

f. River Danube--- Black sea.

G River Ob----Arctic ocean.

H. River Indus ---Arabian sea.

i. River Hwang He –Three Gorges Dam.

J. River Volga—longest river of Europe.

a. The deepest point of the earth and its location – is Mariana Trench near Philippines

b. A group of islands in the Pacific Ocean—is archipelago.

c. The ocean that is the busiest of all oceans –North Atlantic Ocean.

d. The ocean surrounding the north polar and south polar and south polar regions respectively—Artic
and Southern Ocean.

e. The largest saltwater lake of the world--- Caspian Sea.

f. A river in England that forms an estuary--- Thames river.

g. The famous waterfall between Lake Erie and Lake Ontario in North America – Niagara fall.

h. The deepest freshwater lake of the world—Lake Baikal.

i. A large lake near the African Rift valley--- Lake Victoria.

j. The largest freshwater lake of Europe—Onega lake.

3. Differentiate between

A. Gulf : is a water body that enters deep- inside the land.eg. The Gulf of Mexico.

Bays: It is a sea water enclosed by land on three side leaving a wide mouth is called a bay. e.g. Bay of
Bengal.

b. Sea: Sea is the water bodies which is surrounded all side by land. The water of sea is saline as they
have large proportions of dissolved salts in them.* Oceans: Oceans are larger water bodies than the sea.
The water of ocean is saline was t6hey have large proportion of dissolved salt in them. The ocean help
maintain the hydrological cycle, which brings us rain. It also play a major role in shaping the climate on
the earth.

c. Marginal seas: Seas are similar to oceans but are smaller in size. These are also called marginal seas as
these are large water bodies along the continental edges or margins. Eg Bering sea. * Inland seas: Some
lakes are big for their size and are termed as inland sea. Sometimes a narrow channel of sea water may
separate the land masses and join two large water bodies.

d. Deltas: The distributaries enter the sea forming triangle shap0ed and deposits alluvial soil at their
mouth is known as delta.eg Sunder ban delta.* Estuaries: The tidal mouth of a large river where the tide
meets the stream is known as estuaries.

e. Rainforest : Rainforest is the dense forests of evergreen trees found in topical zones receiving heavy
rainfall as in the equatorial regions. * Mangrove forest: It is a tropical vegetation that grows in saline
coastal areas and a large part of the plant remain submerged in water.
4. Give reasons to explain each of the following;

a. Fresh water is extremely precious to us—because to keep healthy ourselves as well as to aquatic
creatures. Therefore, it is time to take a stand to safeguard our fragile ecosystem and preserve the
valuable freshwater reserves, which are fast dwindling.

b. Water vapour changes top water droplets in the upper atmosphere-because the huge part of
evaporation take place on the seas and oceans.

c. The Atlantic coastline has several natural harbours: because it is surrounded by many different
countries and continents therefore it is one of the busiest harbours in the world.

d. Waterfalls are common in mountainous areas-because the water of mountainous areas run speedily
which creates waterfall.

5.Answer the questions;

a. What do we mean by hydrosphere? Ans- The liquid water component of the earth including the
oceans, seas, lake, ponds, river and streams together forms the hydrosphere.

b. 1. Name the chief sources of fresh water on our planet –Rain water and melted water of glacier.

2. Name the major oceans of the world in the order of their respective size-The Pacific ocean, The
Atlantic ocean , The Indian ocean, The Arctic ocean.

c. Why is earth called the ‘Blue Planet’? Ans- The earth is called the blue planet because 71percentage of
water bodies is covered its surface and this is the only planet where the life get exists.

d. Where does the rain water go?

Ans-Seas and oceans.

d. Name the continents bordered by the Pacific Ocean.

Q. Name the seas that it links to in the north.

Ans – North and South America, Australia and Asian continent.

G. Name the ocean that is shaped like the letter ‘S’ Which are the continent that lie to its east and west?
Ans- North Atlantic Ocean. Africa in west, Asia in north and Australia in east.

I. Explain how oceans influence the climate

of a place.

Ans-Ocean current play a major role in shaping the climate on the earth. Warm ocean currents keep cold
coastal areas ice free and also bring in moist winds that shed rain. Cold ocean currents on the other
hand make a place colder and drier.
J. Explain with a suitable example how ocean currents influence the development of rich fishing ground.
Ans – the melting of the cold and warm ocean currents brings rich fish flld which is called Flanktons and
hence these areas develop as ideal fishing ground. Eg Grand Bank off the coast of Newfoundland in
North America.

M. What are lagoons? Give an example.

Ans-Lagoons are the saltwater bodies with a narrow opening to the sea. They are separated from the
sea by a sandbar or a coral reef or a spit. Eg. Chilika in the state of Odisha.

N. Explain the upper course of a river?

Ans- The river begins their journey form the mountain melt water from glaciers, springs or rainwater
gives rise to river. The driver is young as it moves across the mountain. It has a speedy course. This stage
is called the upper course.

O. How are canyons formed?

Ans- The river has speedy course in the young stage it cuts out deep V. shaped valleys which called
canyons.

P. Explain the formation of flood pains?

Ans- During the monsoon the river often flood its banks. The water spread far and wide when this water
recedes, it leaves behind rich silt. In t6his way flood plains are formed.

Q. How are meanders formed?

Ans- When the river enters into the flat, leveled plains where its speed is no more as rapid as before.
The river swings form side to side forming bends known as meanders.

R . What are the main characteristics of a river in its old stage?

Ans – Its flow becomes sluggish, deposit the silt and sand, leads to the formation of permanent river
islands, the river branches cut into number of narrow channels, It cannot carry large volume water.

S. State two ways in which lakes are useful to human?

Ans -1. They help in navigation and are renowned for their fresh water fisheries.2. Lake is often used for
domestic purpose.

T. Give two reasons why rivers are valuable to the farmers.

Ans-1. Rivers brings fresh silt to make fertile plains which are excellent for growing crops.2.The water of
river is used to irrigate agricultural fields.