Updated Orthogonal Transformation Numericals Detailed
Updated Orthogonal Transformation Numericals Detailed
Project on
Orthogonal Transformations
Submitted By
1. [Your Name 1]
2. [Your Name 2]
3. [Your Name 3]
4. [Your Name 4]
PROPERTIES OF ORTHOGONAL
TRANSFORMATIONS
Computer Graphics
In 2D and 3D graphics, these transformations are used for rotating,
reflecting, and scaling models without losing proportions. Real-
time rendering of scenes and objects depends heavily on such
calculations.
A=[ 1 0 0 0 ]
[ 0 0 -1 0 ]
[ 0 1 0 0 ]
[ 0 0 0 1 ]
Soln:-
A^T = [ 1 0 0 0 ]
[ 0 0 1 0 ]
[ 0 -1 0 0 ]
[ 0 0 0 1 ]
[ 1 0 0 0 ] [ 1 0 0 0 ]
[ 0 0 1 0 ] x[ 0 0 -1 0 ]
[ 0 -1 0 0 ] [ 0 1 0 0 ]
[ 0 0 0 1 ] [ 0 0 0 1 ]
I =[ 1 0 0 0 ]
[ 0 1 0 0 ]
[ 0 0 1 0 ]
[ 0 0 0 1 ]
Rotate the point P(1,2,3) by 90° around the X-axis using the transformation matrix:
R= [ 1 0 0 ]
[ 0 cosθ -sinθ ]
[ 0 sinθ cosθ ]
Soln:-
Step 1: Substituting θ = 90°
R= [ 1 0 0]
[ 0 0 -1 ]
[ 0 1 0]
Thus, the new coordinates after rotation are (1, -3, 2).
Q3: Reflection across an Arbitrary Plane in 3D
Find the image of the point P(4, 2, 3) reflected across the xy – plane.
Soln:-
R=[ 1 0 0 ]
[ 0 1 0 ]
[ 0 0 -1 ]
P` = R x P = [ 1 0 0 ] [ 4 ]
[ 0 1 0 ] x [ 2 ]
[ 0 0 -1 ] [ 3 ]
=[ 4 ]
[ 2 ]
[ -3 ]
Soln:-
v .u
proj v = u
u .u
v . u= (3 x 2 ) + ( 4 x 1 )=6+ 4=10
u . u=( 2 x 2 ) + ( 1 x 1 ) =4 +1=5
10
proj v = ( 2 , 1 )=2 ( 2, 1 )=(4 , 2)
5