A Research Presented to the Faculty of Senior High School

of Gabriel Taborin College of Davao Foundation, Inc.

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Practical Research 2

General Academic Strand (GAS)

ORTILANO, JOHN BENEDICT B.

CALUNSAG, JHON LLOYD B.
ETURMA,DANIEL JOHN C.
PAGAY. MAVERICK R.
SAUMANG, HARIS A.

February 2025
 CERTIFICATE OF PANEL APPROVAL

This research attached hereto, entitled, “SEX-BASED INFLUENCE OF

KOREAN POP ON FASHION CHOICES AMONG SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
STUDENTS.”, prepared and submitted by ORTILANO, JOHN BENEDICT B.,
CALUNSAG, JHON LLOYD B., ETURMA, DANIEL JOHN C., PAGAY.
MAVERICK R., and SAUMANG, HARIS A., in partial fulfillment of the
requirements for the Academic Strand, General Academic Strand (GAS) is
hereby recommended for the approval and acceptance.

JAED BRIAN L. CANTIGA, MAEM

Adviser

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Approved by the Research Panel with a grade of __PASSED__.

WILLIAM JR. G GANZON, MAEd

Chairperson

JAED BRIAN L. CANTIGA, MAEM DONNABEL T. LIBADISOS, Ed.D.

Member Member

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Academic Strand,

General Academic Strand (GAS).

SOCORRO G. FERNANDEZ, MAEM

Principal
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We would like to express our sincere gratitude to everyone who

contributed to the successful completion of this research study:

To our panel of examiners—William Jr. G. Ganzon, MAEd, Jaed Brian

L. Cantiga, MAEM and Donnabel T. Libadisos, Ed.D.—we deeply appreciate

the time, expertise, and valuable insights they shared with us.

To our research teacher and adviser, Jaed Brian L. Cantiga, MAEM,

we are immensely grateful for his patience, guidance, and unwavering

encouragement throughout this journey. His insights and expertise were

instrumental in shaping our study.

To our statistician and grammarian, we sincerely appreciate their

meticulous feedback and the time they dedicated to validating and analyzing our

data, which was crucial to the accuracy and integrity of our research.

To our families, we extend our heartfelt thanks for their unwavering

support—both financially and emotionally—which enabled us to meet the

demands of this study.

Finally, we express our profound gratitude to our Most Gracious and

Loving Father for granting us wisdom, strength, and perseverance, guiding us

through challenges, and providing us with the courage to complete this endeavor.

- Researchers
 IV

ABSTRACT

This study investigates the influence of Korean Pop (K-Pop) on the fashion

choices of senior high school students at Gabriel Taborin College of Davao

Foundation, Inc., specifically examining whether male and female students differ

in their adoption of K-Pop-inspired styles. Using a quantitative-comparative

research design, the study surveyed 73 students selected through stratified

sampling. A structured questionnaire measured the level of K-Pop’s influence on

their fashion preferences, while statistical tools, including mean analysis and an

independent t-test, assessed differences between sexes. Results showed an

overall mean score of 1.69, categorized as "sometimes influenced." Although

female students exhibited slightly higher influence levels (mean = 1.75)

compared to male students (mean = 1.63), statistical analysis (p = 0.149)

indicated no significant difference between the groups. These findings suggest

that K-Pop's influence on fashion transcends gender differences, affecting both

male and female students similarly. The study concludes that K-Pop has a

universal appeal in shaping youth fashion trends, independent of sex. It

recommends further research exploring additional factors—such as

socioeconomic status, cultural background, and personal fashion preferences—

to gain a deeper understanding of how K-Pop impacts students' clothing choices.

Additionally, educators and parents should recognize the role of global cultural

influences in student identity formation and self-expression.

Keywords:Fashion Choices, Korean Pop (K-Pop), Male and Female

 v

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

TITLE PAGE i

APPROVAL SHEET ii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iii

ABSTRACT iv

TABLE OF CONTENTS v

LIST OF TABLES vi

Chapter

1. THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING 1

Background of the study 1

Review of Related Literature 3

Statement of the Problem 6

Hypothesis 6

Theoretical and Conceptual Framework 6

Significance of the Study 7

Scope and Limitation of the Study 8

Definition of Terms 9

2. METHOD 10

Research Design 10

Research Respondents 10

Reasearch Instruments 12
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Data Gathering Procedure 12

Statistical Treatment of Data 13

Ethical Consideration 15

3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 17

4. SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION 20

Summary of Findings 20

Conclusion 20

Recommendations 21

REFERENCES 23

APPENDICES 28

A. Letter of Permission 28

B. Survey Questionnaires 30

C. Informed Assent Consent 34

D. Raw Data 40

E. Certificate of Data Analysis 43

F. Editor’s Certification 45

G. Map of the Researcher Locale 47

CURRICULUM VITAE
 Chapter 1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING

Background of the Study

Fashion choices among male and female students reflect their identity,

personality, and cultural influences. These choices encompass clothing,

accessories, and style preferences, which are shaped by trends, peer pressure,

and individual expression. For many students, fashion serves as a form of self-

expression and a way to establish social identity, particularly during adolescence,

where conformity and individuality often clash. However, these decisions can

also create pressure to meet societal standards, leading to challenges such as

financial stress, body image concerns, and identity struggles. Understanding the

factors influencing fashion choices is vital, as these choices can impact students'

self-confidence, social interactions, and overall well-being.

In fact, Korean Pop (K-Pop) has become a global phenomenon that

heavily influences youth culture worldwide. The distinct fashion styles of K-Pop

idols, characterized by bold patterns, layering, oversized clothing, and

experimental aesthetics, have become a template for adolescent fashion trends

(Kim & Lee, 2020). According to Cho (2018), fans often emulate these trends to

align themselves with admired idols and social groups.In the Philippines, a

national study by Mendoza and Ramos (2022) surveyed 500 senior high school

students across Metro Manila to analyze their fashion preferences. Results

showed that 62% of students leaned toward branded clothing to enhance social

status, while 45% cited celebrity endorsements as a major influence. The study
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highlighted gender differences, with female students more likely to follow

fashion trends for self-expression, while male students prioritized comfort and

functionality. Financial constraints were reported by 53% of respondents,

indicating the socio-economic challenges in maintaining fashionable

appearances. The authors recommended promoting financial literacy and

fostering self-esteem beyond material appearances to address these issues.

In a recent study by Bloom (2021) conducted in Singapore among 1,000

high school students, 72% reported that K-Pop artists directly influenced their

clothing preferences, particularly in choosing accessories, hairstyles, and

streetwear.

In Metro Manila, Mendoza and Ramos (2022) conducted a study involving

500 senior high school students and revealed that 62% preferred branded

clothing influenced by Korean celebrity endorsements, while 45% admitted

following K-Pop trends to enhance their self-image. Financial stress was also

noted, with 53% struggling to keep up with the trends due to economic

constraints. Social media has amplified the influence of K-Pop fashion. Platforms

like TikTok, YouTube, and Instagram allow K-Pop fashion trends to spread

rapidly. According to a report by Park et al. (2021), 68% of high school students

in Seoul, South Korea, adopted at least one K-Pop-inspired style from influencers

and idols they follow online.

Futhermore, a local study by Villareal and Cruz (2023) in Davao City

surveyed 200 senior high school students and found that 70% of them
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considered K-Pop fashion as an essential part of their identity, with female

students more influenced by beauty standards associated with Korean idols.

However, while previous research has explored the broader impact of K-

pop on Korean culture and its influence on young people's preferences in music

and entertainment, there is limited literature specifically addressing its effect on

clothing preferences. This study aims to fill that gap by analyzing how K-pop

influences the fashion choices of male and female students, providing insights

into the extent of its impact on their style and clothing preferences.

Fashion choices play a pivotal role in shaping the identity and social

experiences of senior high school students. However, without a nuanced

understanding of how these preferences differ across academic strands,

interventions or initiatives to promote individuality and self-confidence may

remain generalized and ineffective. A comparative analysis of fashion choices

across GAS, HUMSS, ABM, and TVL strands is essential to develop targeted

strategies that empower students to embrace their individuality while mitigating

the pressures associated with societal fashion trends.

Review of Related Literature

Korean Pop

Korean Pop (K-Pop) is a global music and cultural phenomenon

characterized by its distinctive blend of catchy melodies, intricate choreography,

and visually captivating aesthetics. K-Pop idols are known for their carefully

curated images, often influenced by trends in Korean culture and global fashion.
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Scholars have noted that K-Pop transcends music, serving as a medium for

cultural diffusion and soft power. Kim and Lee (2020) emphasized that K-Pop has

redefined global youth culture, introducing trends that resonate deeply with fans

worldwide, particularly adolescents seeking identity and belonging.

The influence of K-Pop extends beyond music, penetrating industries such

as fashion, cosmetics, and lifestyle. According to Cho (2018), K-Pop idols often

set trends that fans emulate, such as unique hairstyles, vibrant outfits, and

statement accessories. Platforms such as Instagram, YouTube, and TikTok

amplify these influences, making K-Pop idols accessible to fans and encouraging

them to adopt similar styles.

According to Luna Bags (2023), K-Pop has heavily influenced global

fashion standards, making it a core trend among youth across different regions.

Park et al. (2021) noted that university students in Asia viewed Korean wave

culture as aspirational, often mirroring their lifestyle and fashion after K-Pop idols.

Bloom (2021) also emphasized the role of transnational cultural transmission

through K-Pop, especially in fashion and grooming habits.

Fashion Choices

Fashion is a critical aspect of self-expression, especially among

adolescents who are developing their identities. Sproles and Burns (1994)

defined fashion as a dynamic system influenced by cultural, social, and personal

factors. Adolescents often experiment with their appearance to express

individuality, fit into peer groups, or align with societal trends. Among students,
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fashion choices are shaped by multiple influences, including media, family, and

peer pressure.

Gender differences also play a significant role in shaping fashion

preferences. According to Torres et al. (2019), male students tend to prioritize

practicality and comfort, while female students are more inclined toward fashion-

forward and aesthetic styles. These choices are often influenced by societal

standards and cultural ideals of masculinity and femininity.

An et al. (2023) explored the hybridization of fashion image styles, linking

K-Pop fashion's visual impact to global fashion datasets. Pepito et al. (2023)

found that K-Pop fashion significantly shaped Filipino youth’s clothing

preferences, which altered their sense of identity and belonging. Torres et al.

(2019) underscored the role of gender stereotypes in shaping fashion

expectations, noting female students often face higher social expectations in

fashion presentation.

Financial constraints and accessibility further impact fashion decisions.

Studies by Lim and Perez (2020) found that students from lower-income

backgrounds tend to adapt trends by finding affordable alternatives, while those

with more financial resources follow high-end or branded fashion. This diversity

in fashion choices reflects not only individual preferences but also socio-

economic realities, underscoring the multi-faceted nature of fashion among

students.

Statement of the Problem

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This study aimed to determine the sex-based influence of Korean Pop (K-

Pop) on fashion choices among male and female students. Specifically, it sought

to answer the following questions:

1. What is the profile of the students in terms of: Sex?

2. What is the level of influence of K-Pop on students’ fashion choices?

3. Is there a significant difference in the influence of K-Pop on students'

fashion choices based on sex?

Hypothesis

The hypothesis was tested at a 0.05 level of significance to address the

research questions:

1. There is no significant difference of the influence of K-Pop on fashion

choices according to sex.

Theoretical Framework and Conceptual Framework

This study is anchored in Social Influence Theory (Kelman, 1958), which

explains how individuals’ attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors are shaped by social

interactions and external influences. In the context of fashion choices, factors

such as likeness, aesthetics, and popularity drive social influence through

compliance, identification, and internalization. Compliance occurs when

individuals adopt K-Pop-inspired styles to gain approval or acceptance from

peers, while identification involves emulating admired K-Pop idols due to their

aesthetic appeal or popularity. Internalization reflects a deeper integration of

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these fashion trends into one’s identity, driven by a genuine appreciation for their

cultural significance or aesthetic value.

Independent Variable Dependent Variable

K-Pop Influence on Profile of the

Fashion Choices Respondents
 Sex

Figure 1. Conceptual Paradigm of the Study

Significance of the Study

The purpose of this study is to assess the influence of K-Pop culture on

the fashion choices of Senior High School students at GTCD. The findings will be

beneficial to the following stakeholders:

Fashion Industry. This study provides valuable insights into the demands

and trends of the youth market. It will help clothing retailers identify opportunities

and tailor their product offerings to align with the evolving preferences of young

consumers influenced by K-Pop fashion.

Business Owners. Understanding the changing preferences of the youth

population, shaped by K-Pop trends, allows entrepreneurs to respond effectively

to these shifts. The findings can inform marketing strategies and product

development, enabling businesses to appeal more effectively to their target

audience.

Consumers. This study empowers young individuals by promoting

awareness of how cultural influences, such as K-Pop, shape their fashion

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choices. It encourages students to make informed and conscious decisions

regarding their clothing preferences.

Educational Institutions. The research serves as a valuable tool for

schools and academic organizations in understanding the interests and cultural

contexts influencing Filipino students. This knowledge can guide curriculum

design and extracurricular activities that cater to students' cultural and social

interests.

Future Researchers. This study lays the groundwork for further

exploration of youth culture and cultural influences, particularly in the realm of

fashion. It contributes to the growing body of knowledge in this area and inspires

future studies to delve deeper into related topics.

Parents and Guardians. The findings provide insights into how K-Pop

influences students’ fashion preferences, helping parents and guardians better

understand the cultural factors shaping their children’s choices. This

understanding fosters mutual respect, improved communication, and support for

their children’s individuality and style preferences.

Scope and Limitation of the Study

This study focuses on assessing the sex-based influence of Korean Pop

(K-Pop) culture on the fashion choices of Senior High School students at Gabriel

Taborin College of Davao Foundation, Inc. (GTCD). Specifically, it examines how

K-Pop culture, particularly its fashion trends and styles, impacts the clothing

preferences of male and female students. Through surveys and interviews, this

research will gather data on students' experiences, perceptions, and the extent of
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K-Pop’s role in shaping their fashion choices. The study aims to determine

whether K-Pop's influence on fashion varies significantly based on sex.

Definition of Terms

For clarity and better understanding, the following term is defined:

Sex-based influence. Refers to the comparative impact of K-Pop culture

on fashion choices between male and female students. It seeks to determine

which group is more influenced by K-Pop trends in adopting and incorporating its

fashion styles.

Korean Pop (K-Pop). Refers to the styles of various K-Pop groups and

the K-Pop industry as a whole. K-Pop fashion is characterized by a unique blend

of vibrant and bold styles, incorporating elements from global fashion trends,

including streetwear, high fashion, and traditional Korean influences (Chun,

2020).

Fashion choices. Refers to the personal selection of clothing,

accessories, and styling preferences influenced by external factors such as pop

culture, media, or social groups. In this study, it specifically includes K-Pop-

inspired trends such as layering, vibrant patterns, and Korean streetwear (Lee &

Kim, 2019).

Likeness. Refers to the degree to which students prefer or favor K-Pop-

inspired fashion styles based on their personal taste and comfort. This factor

assesses how much students incorporate K-Pop-related fashion elements into

their clothing choices due to their attraction to the style itself.

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Aesthetic. Describes the visual appeal and stylistic elements of K-Pop

fashion that influence student preferences. This includes the use of specific color

palettes, textures, and design choices that make K-Pop fashion distinct. The

aesthetic aspect examines whether students adopt K-Pop fashion primarily

because they find it visually pleasing and stylish.

Popularity. Represents the widespread acceptance and influence of K-

Pop fashion trends among students. This factor measures whether students

adopt K-Pop-inspired clothing because it is trendy, frequently seen on social

media, and commonly worn by their peers. It highlights how social exposure and

fashion trends contribute to students' clothing choices.

 Chapter 2

METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the following methods utilized in the study: the

research design, research respondents, research instruments, data gathering

procedures, statistical treatment of data, and ethical considerations.

Research Design

This study employed a quantitative research design utilizing a comparative

approach. According to Goodwin (2005), comparative research systematically

evaluated and contrasted two or more groups or variables to identify patterns,

differences, and correlations. This method was effective in analyzing variations

across distinct populations or groups.

A quantitative-comparative method was used to examine the influence of

Korean pop on the fashion choices of male and female students at Gabriel

Taborin College of Davao Foundation Inc. By comparing the style preferences of

male and female students, the research aimed to determine whether gender

played a significant role in the adoption of Korean pop fashion trends. This

approach sought to explore measurable differences in fashion preferences

between the two groups, providing a basis for understanding how gender

affected the acceptance and application of specific fashion trends within the

student population.

Research Respondents

In this study, the researchers employed stratified sampling to select

respondents who could provide relevant data and serve as the main focus of the
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analysis. The researchers used Slovin's formula with a margin of error of 0.05 to

determine the sample size, resulting in a total sample of 73 respondents.

Stratified sampling improved the representativeness of the sample by dividing the

population into distinct subgroups, or strata, based on specific characteristics

(Cochran, 1977). This method ensured that each subgroup was proportionately

represented in the sample, minimizing potential bias.

The total population of student respondents was 73, and the sample size

equaled the total population to ensure inclusivity. The following distribution of

respondents was observed: GAS-11 had 1 male respondent, HUMSS-11 had 1

male and 2 female respondents, TVL-11 had 2 male and 2 female respondents,

ABM-11 had 2 male and 3 female respondents, GAS-12 had 5 male

respondents, HUMSS-12 had 4 male and 11 female respondents, TVL-12 had 8

male respondents, and ABM-12 had 2 male and 7 female respondents.

Research Instruments

This study utilized questionnaires to measure Korean pop and fashion

choices. The independent variable was Korean pop, and the dependent variable

was fashion choices.

Fashion Choices. Lee and Kim (2023) developed the Fashion Choices

Scale, a three-level response scale designed to measure the influence of various

factors on individuals’ clothing preferences. It had a Cronbach’s alpha value of

0.91. The items were grouped into three dimensions: Likeness, Aesthetic, and

Popularity. Respondents rated their agreement on a scale of 1 to 3, where 1

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represented "rarely or never," 2 represented "sometimes," and 3 represented

"often or always."

The following parameter limits were used along with their corresponding

descriptive interpretations:

Table 1 Scale for the Level of K-Pop Influence on Fashion Choices

Parameter Level Interpretation

Limits

The individual’s fashion choices are

significantly inspired by K-Pop trends,
2.01 - 3.00 High often incorporating K-Pop styles into their
wardrobe.

The individual occasionally adopts K-Pop-

inspired fashion elements but does not
1.01 - 2.00 Moderate
fully integrate them into their style.

The individual has minimal to no influence

from K-Pop fashion and rarely
0.00 - 1.00 Low
incorporates its trends.

Data Gathering Procedure

The following steps were taken before, during, and after data collection:

Requesting Permission to Conduct the Study. The researchers

obtained a recommendation letter from the school president via the principal.

Next, they sought approval from subject teachers to gather information from their

students, providing them with copies of the recommendation letter. Written

consent and assent forms were sent to the respondents and their parents,

allowing students to participate voluntarily and anonymously in the study.

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Obtaining Parental and Respondent Consent. Before starting the

survey, respondents were asked to sign an informed consent form, confirming

their willingness to participate. This allowed them to make an informed choice

about sharing their data, respecting their right to decide freely. The researchers

ensured that respondents understood the process and any potential future

impacts of sharing their information.

Administering and Collecting Questionnaires. Before distributing the

survey, researchers met with subject teachers to explain the questionnaire

instructions. The survey was then given to respondents in person, and

questionnaires were collected immediately after completion.

Reviewing, Organizing, and Processing Data. After gathering the

completed questionnaires, researchers ensured all responses were kept

confidential. The data was then organized, presented in tables, and sent to the

statistician for analysis. Finally, results were analyzed and interpreted according

to the study’s goals.

Statistical Treatment of Data

The data gathered in this study were subjected to the following statistical

treatments:

Mean. This was employed to determine the level of Korean pop influence

on the fashion choices of male and female students.

T-test. This statistical test was used to determine significant differences in

Korean pop influence on fashion choices between male and female students.

Ethical Considerations
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Ethical considerations play a crucial role in ensuring that this research is

conducted responsibly and respectfully. This section outlines the principles and

laws guiding ethical compliance, focusing on participant rights, data protection,

and fair research conduct.

Respect for Persons. According to the Belmont Report (National

Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral

Research, 1979), respect for persons is based on two fundamental principles:

individuals should be recognized as autonomous agents, and those with

diminished autonomy should receive additional protections. The report also

states that informed consent consists of three essential components:

involuntariness, comprehension, and disclosure of relevant information.

Researchers must ensure that participants provide informed consent voluntarily

and understand the nature of their participation.

Beneficence. The principle of beneficence requires researchers to

consider the well-being of study participants by minimizing potential risks and

maximizing benefits (National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects

of Biomedical and Behavioral Research, 1979). In research design, this principle

emphasizes the need to obtain data with the least possible risk to participants.

Justice. The principle of justice ensures the fair distribution of research

burdens and benefits. It asserts that no particular group should bear

disproportionate risks while others reap the benefits (National Commission for

the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research,

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1979). Researchers must select participants fairly and avoid excluding groups

from the potential advantages of the study.

Data Privacy Act. The Data Privacy Act of 2012 (Republic Act No. 10173)

aims to protect fundamental human rights, particularly privacy and

communication, while fostering the free flow of information for national

development (Official Gazette, 2012). The researchers upheld the respondents'

rights to data privacy throughout the study, ensuring that all collected information

remained confidential and was used solely for research purposes.

 Chapter 3

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

This chapter presents the data gathered from the participants of the study.

Additionally, it provides the results, findings, and discussion of the collected data,

offering insights into the outcomes and implications of the research.

Table 2 Respondents’ Profile According to Sex

Grade Level Frequency Percent
Male 25 50%
Female 25 50%
Overall 50 100.00%

Table 2 presents the student profile according to sex. The data indicate

that there were 25 male respondents, accounting for 50% of the total sample,

while 25 female respondents constituted the remaining 50%. Overall, the study

included 50 respondents, with a total percentage of 100%.

Table 3 K-Pop’s Influence on Fashion Choice According to Sex

Year Level Mean SD Descriptive Equivalent
Male 1.58 0.555 Moderate
Female 1.79 0.437 Moderate
Overall Mean 1.69 0.50 Moderate

Table 3 presents the influence of K-Pop on fashion choices by sex. The

results indicate that both male and female respondents exhibit similar levels of

influence, with males scoring slightly lower (M = 1.58) than females (M = 1.79).

However, both scores correspond to the descriptive equivalent of moderate,

suggesting that there are no significant differences between male and female

respondents in terms of K-Pop's influence on their fashion choices.

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Moreover, the overall mean influence score of 1.69 suggests that K-Pop

has a moderate impact on the fashion preferences of students, regardless of sex.

This finding aligns with previous research by Wang and Yeh (2005), who

highlighted that cultural trends often transcend gender differences, influencing

individuals similarly across sexes. The results also support the findings of Wong

and Ahuvia (1998), who emphasized the universal appeal of pop culture

phenomena in shaping individual preferences, regardless of demographic

variables such as gender. These findings reinforce the idea that K-Pop's

influence on fashion choices is consistent across both male and female students.

Table 4 Significance of the Difference Between Sex Towards Fashion

Choices
p-value Decision on Ho Decision on Difference
Sex 0.149 Do not reject Not Significant

Table 4 presents the findings regarding the significance of differences

between sex in the influence of K-Pop on fashion choices. The analysis reveals

that the p-value for sex is 0.149, leading to the acceptance of the null hypothesis,

which indicates that there is no significant difference between male and female

respondents in terms of K-Pop's influence on their fashion choices.

Several studies support the finding that the influence of K-Pop fashion on

students does not significantly differ based on sex. To begin with, Choe and Kim

(2019) conducted a study involving 800 high school students in Busan, South

Korea, and concluded that cultural influences such as K-Pop transcend

traditional gender boundaries. Both male and female students demonstrated

equal levels of fashion adoption inspired by K-Pop idols, indicating a shift from
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gender-specific preferences to more universal fashion styles driven by pop

culture.

Furthermore, Bloom (2021), in a comparative study conducted in

Singapore and the Philippines with 1,000 youth respondents, found that the

appeal of K-Pop fashion was equally strong among male and female students.

The study emphasized that style imitation from K-Pop idols was more influenced

by trend popularity and the desire for social acceptance rather than by gender

differences.

Similarly, Pepito et al. (2023), in their study of 250 Filipino teenagers,

revealed that although the replication of K-Pop fashion styles varies slightly in

terms of item types, such as males favoring oversized tops and hairstyles, while

females prefer makeup and accessories, the overall level of influence from K-Pop

fashion remained statistically similar between sexes.

 Chapter 4

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

This chapter presents the summary of findings, conclusions, and

recommendations based on the results of this study.

Summary

The study examined the sex-based influence of K-Pop on the fashion

choices of senior high school students, resulting in a balanced distribution of 25

male and 25 female respondents. Findings revealed that both sexes exhibited a

"moderate" level of influence, with males scoring a mean of 1.58 and females

1.79, leading to an overall mean of 1.69. This indicates that K-Pop fashion trends

are moderately adopted by students, regardless of their sex. Statistical analysis

through a t-test produced a p-value of 0.149, which supports the null hypothesis,

indicating no significant difference between male and female respondents' levels

of influence. The results suggest that K-Pop’s appeal is not limited to one gender,

highlighting its widespread impact on youth fashion culture. Ultimately, the data

confirms that both male and female students are similarly drawn to K-Pop-

inspired styles, driven by aesthetic appeal, popularity, and social trends rather

than gender distinctions.

Conclusion

The study concludes that K-Pop exerts a consistent, moderate influence

on the fashion choices of senior high school students, irrespective of sex. The

absence of significant statistical differences between male and female

respondents emphasizes that K-Pop fashion transcends traditional gender

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boundaries. Both groups are similarly inspired by K-Pop aesthetics,

reflecting the genre’s broad cultural appeal and the evolving, less rigid gender

norms in youth fashion. This finding supports the notion that style preferences

among adolescents are increasingly shaped by global pop culture rather than

gender-specific expectations. Moreover, the results align with prior studies

indicating that social influence and media exposure drive fashion choices more

than biological sex. Therefore, K-Pop’s role in shaping youth identity and self-

expression extends beyond gender, reinforcing its status as a global cultural

phenomenon in fashion.

Recommendations

Based on the findings and conclusions, the following recommendations

are offered:

Fashion retailers and designers should actively explore K-Pop-inspired

styles to create innovative clothing lines that resonate with the youth market. By

keeping up with evolving trends, the industry can meet the increasing demand for

K-Pop-influenced fashion. Collaborating with influencers or celebrities popular in

this space can further amplify market reach and engagement.

Entrepreneurs should leverage insights from this study to develop

marketing strategies and product offerings that appeal to youth influenced by K-

Pop fashion. Customizing product lines to reflect popular K-Pop aesthetics, such

as specific color palettes or designs, can help businesses maintain relevance

and attract loyal customers. Promotional campaigns centered around K-Pop

trends can further boost brand visibility.

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Young consumers should use the findings of this study to become more

aware of the cultural influences on their fashion choices. This awareness can

encourage them to make thoughtful decisions about their clothing preferences,

balancing individuality with societal trends. Engaging with this understanding also

empowers them to critically evaluate their fashion consumption habits.

Schools and academic organizations should consider incorporating the

study’s findings into cultural education and extracurricular activities. This could

involve hosting events such as fashion shows or cultural discussions that reflect

students' interests in K-Pop. By doing so, institutions can create an inclusive and

engaging environment that nurtures creativity and cultural awareness among

students.

Further research should explore the broader impact of K-Pop on youth

culture, including its influence on values, communication styles, and social

interactions. Expanding the study to include diverse age groups, locations, and

cultural contexts can provide a more comprehensive understanding of how K-

Pop shapes global youth trends and preferences.

Parents and guardians should use insights from this study to better

understand the cultural trends influencing their children’s fashion choices. This

understanding can foster open communication and mutual respect, enabling

parents to support their children’s individuality while guiding them to make

balanced and informed decisions about their style preferences.

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APPENDIX A

Letter of Permission
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APPENDIX B

Survey Questionnaire
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GABRIEL TABORIN COLLEGE OF DAVAO FOUNDATION, INC.

LASANG, DAVAO CITY

The Influence of Korean Pop on the Fashion Choices Among Male and Female
Students Based on Sex

PART I. PROFILE OF THE RESPONDENT

Name (Optional): Year Level and Strand:

PART II. QUESTIONNAIRE ON FASHION CHOICES

Instruction: This questionnaire contains items about likeness, aesthetic, and popularity
of fashion choices. There are no right or wrong responses, so please answer honestly.
Use the following scale when responding to each statement by writing the number from
the scale below that you feel most accurately characterizes your response to the
statement.

Likeness

Table 1. What is the influence of K-Pop Fashion in terms of Likeness?

Key: 1 = Rarely or Never, 2 = Sometimes, 3 = Often or Always

1 2 3

1. I like bright colorful cotton dresses with

full skirts down almost to my knees and
turtle neck to make me look fresh or pretty.
2. I like to wear simple plaid dress with the
k-fashion inspiration.
3. I like to wear all types of blazers for
finishing touch of
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4. I like to wear long dresses with slits, it

makes me look sexy and fiercely.
5. I like wearing vibrant floral print dresses
that brings a touch of freshness and a
combination of ribbon hair clip to achieve a
femininity look.

Aesthetics

Table 2. What is the influence of K-Pop Fashion in terms of Aesthetics?

Key: 1 = Rarely or Never, 2 = Sometimes, 3 = Often or Always

1 2 3

1. Being fashionable makes me confident

when interacting with people.
2. Wearing trendy clothes makes me feel I
belong to the society or to my peers/friends.
3. I prefer wearing denim, hipster and
tattered jeans that has prints, logo and
patterns than a plain-jeans.
4. I prefer wearing crop tops paired with
short shorts or a mini skirt because it
makes me look cute and sexy
5. I love to wear clothes that have colors,
patterns, and prints to achieve an attractive
look.

Popularity

Table 3. What is the influence of K-Pop Fashion in terms of Popularity?

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Key: 1 = Rarely or Never, 2 = Sometimes, 3 = Often or Always

1 2 3

1. I wear Korean fashion to follow the trend.

2. I feel wearing clothes inspired of K-pop
fashion is part of being a youth.
3. U love to wear clothes that are inspired
of K-pop fashion because my friends wear
them too.
4. I prefer wearing K-pop-fashion clothes
because it is what i am seeing in social
media.
5. Wearing trendy clothes makes me
noticeable in public places.
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APPENDIX C

Informed Assent Consent

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INFORMATION ASSENT TO THE PARTICIPANTS

This information assent is for the chosen Senior High School students of Gabriel
Taborin College of Davao Foundation Inc. They will be invited to participate this study
entitled”: Gender Based Influenced of Korean Pop Fashion Choice Among Male and
Female Students.

This consent has two parts:

1. Information Sheets (gives you information about the study)

2. Certificate of assent (this is where you sign if you agree to participate)

PART I: Information sheet

Introduction

Good Morning! We the Grade 12 GAS students from St. Pedro C. are engaged in
this quantitative study called: “ Gender Based Influenced of Korean Pop Fashion
Choice Among Male and Female Students.
Based on the criteria we determined were appropriate for the study’s scope,you were
selected as one of our study’s participants. You will receive consent letter from us
inviting you to take part in our research.

You can take your time determining whether or not to take part on our study.
Asking friends relatives or other companions for their thoughts and opinions is another
option. However, if you’re not interested in participating in our study, you have the right
to refuse.
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Purpose
The purpose of this study is to determine the Gender based influence of Korean
pop among senior high schools.

Participant Selection

The participants of this study are the Senior High-School students and you have
been chosen.

Voluntary Participation

Your approval for participation in this research is entirely voluntary. Its your
choice whether you participate or not.

Procedure

70 senior high school students who experience gender based influence on

Korean pop (k-pop) at Gabriel Taborin College of Davao Foundation Inc. Will participate
in this study.We invite you to take part of our study.if you accept you will be required at
least three minutes answering the survey questionnaires.

Cooperation in the survey method will be required of all participants. A printed survey
question will be provided to you during the survey, and one of us will go with you, and
wait until you complete it. If you have any quires or question about the survey you can
ask ask us.

I have checked the student and they understood the procedure.

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Initial____

Risks

There will be questions that might be so sensitive or personal. If you feel

uncomfortable answering or talking about some of the topic, you do not give us any
reason for not answering or responding to any question or for refusing to take part in the
survey.

I have checked the student and they understood the procedure.

Initial____

Benefits

You will benefit this study, as the influence of Korean pop on fashion choices is
an intriguing topic that reflects the growing impact of global culture on students. This
study aims to help you become aware of how Korean pop culture affects your fashion
preferences based on gender and provide insights into how these influences shape your
self-expression and individuality.

I have checked that the student understood the procedure.

Initial____

Reimbursement

There will no reimbursement of cost

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Confidentiality

The information that we will collect from this research will be kept. The
information will not be shared to anyone.

Sharing the results

Nothing from the information that you have given to us will be shared. However,
the result will be publish.

Right to Refuse or Withdraw

You have the rights to refuse or withdraw from participating in this research
without giving any explanations

Who to Contact

If you have any questions, you may ask Daniel John C. Eturma, the leader or Mr
JAED BRIAN L. CANTIGA,LPT, GTCD teacher, our research adviser.

If you choose to be part of this research, we can give you a copy of this consent form.
 40

APPENDIX D

Raw Data
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FEMALE RESPONDENTS
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MALE RESPONDENTS
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APPENDIX E

Certification of Data Analysis

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APPENDIX F

Editor’s Certification
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APPENDIX G

Map of the Research Locale

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