P 7.2-4 Determine v(t) for the circuit shown in Figure P 7.

2-4a when the is(t) is as shown in Figure

P 7.2-4b and v0(0–) = –1 mV.

Figure P 7.2-4

Solution:
1 t 1 t
v t   i    d  v  0    i    d  10
3

C 0 2 1012 0

1 t
9 is  t   0  v  t    0 d  10
3
 10 3
0  t  2  10 2  1012 0

is  t   4 106 A
9 9
2 10  t  3 10
1
12 2ns 
4 106  d  10 3  5 103   2 106  t
t
 v t 
2 10
In particular, v  3 10   5 10   2  10   3 10   10
9 3 6 9 3

is  t   2  106 A
9 9
3 10  t  5  10
1
12 3ns 
2  106  d  103  4  103   106  t
t
 v t 
2 10
In particular, v  5 10   4 10   10   5 10   10 V
9 3 6 9 3

1 t
is  t   0  v  t    0 d  103  103 V
5 109  t 2  1012 5ns

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 P 7.2-12 The capacitor voltage in the circuit shown in Figure P 7.2-12 is given by
v(t )  12  10e 2t V for t  0
Determine i(t) for t > 0.

Figure P 7.2-12

Solution:

1 d
iC  t  
v t
20 dt
1
  20e 2t 
20
 e 2t A for t  0
Apply KCL to get

i  t   2  i C  t   2  e 2t A for t  0

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 P7.3-7. (a) Determine the energy stored in the capacitor in the circuit shown in Figure P7.3-7 when
the switch is closed and the circuit is at steady state. (b) Determine the energy stored in the capacitor
when the switch is open and the circuit is at steady state.

Figure P7.3-7

Solution:
The capacitor acts like an open circuit when this circuit is at steady state.
(a) When the switch is closed and the circuit is at steady state, v  t   6 V . The energy stored by the
1
capacitor is W 
2
 2.2 10 9   62   39.6 μJ .
(b) When the switch is closed and the circuit is at steady state, v  t   12 V . The energy stored by the
1
capacitor is W   2.2 10   12   158.4 μJ .
9 2

P7.4-5 Determine the value of the capacitance C in the circuit shown in Figure P 7.4-5, given that
Ceq = 8 F.
Answer: C = 20 F

Figure P 7.4-5

Solution: The 16 F capacitor is in series with a parallel combination of 4 F and 12 F capacitors. The
capacitance of the equivalent capacitor is

16  4  12 
8 F
16   4  12 

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 The 30 F capacitor is in parallel with a short circuit, which is equivalent to a short circuit. After
making these simplifications, we have

Then
10  12  C  8 
8  C eq   C  20 F
10   12  C  8 

P 7.5-1 Nikola Tesla (1857–1943) was an American electrical engineer who experimented with
electric induction. Tesla built a large coil with a very large inductance. The coil was connected to a
source current
is  100sin 400t A
so that the inductor current iL = is. Find the voltage across the inductor and explain the discharge in
the air shown in the figure. Assume that L = 200 H and the average discharge distance is 2 m. Note
that the dielectric strength of air is 3 × 106 V/m.

Solution:
di
Find max. voltage across coil: = 200  100(400) cos 400t  V
v (t )  L
dt
8106 V
 v max  8106 V thus have a field of =410 6 V
2 m m
which exceeds dielectric strength in air of 310 V/m
6

 We get a discharge as the air is ionized.

P 7.5-13 The inductor current in the circuit shown in Figure P 7.5-13 is given by
i (t )  5  3e 4t A for t  0
Determine v(t) for t > 0.

Figure P 7.5-13

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 Solution:

We’ll write and solve a mesh equation. Label the meshes as shown. Apply KVL to the center mesh
to get
i  t   10
24i a  24  i a  i  t    24  i a  10   0  ia   5  e  4t A for t  0
3
Then v  t   24i a  120  24e 4t V for t  0

P 7.6-5 The current through the inductor of a

television tube deflection circuit is shown in
Figure P 7.6-5 when L = 1/2 H. Find the
voltage, power, and energy in the inductor.
p  2t for 0  t  1
Partial Answer:  2(t  2) for 1< t < 2
= 0 for other t Figure P 7.6-5

Solution:
 0 t 0  0 t 0
 2t 0t 1 
di 1 di   1 0t 1
v t  L  and i  t     v t   
dt 2 dt 2 t  2  1t  2 1 1t  2
 0 t 2  0 t 2

 0 t 0
2t 0t 1

p t  v t i t  
 2 t  2  1t  2
 0 t 2

W  t   W  t0    t0 p t  dt
t

i (t )  0 for t  0  p  t   0 for t  0  W  t0   0

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 0  t  1: W  t  
t
 2 t dt  t
2
0

1t  2 : W  t   W  1   2  t  2  dt  t
t

1
2
 4t  4
t 2 : W  t   W  2   0

P 7.7-5 Determine the value of the inductance L in the circuit shown in Figure P 7.7-5, given that
Leq = 18 H.
Answer: L = 20 H

Figure P 7.7-5

Solution: The 25 H inductor is in series with a parallel combination of 20 H and 60 H inductors. The
inductance of the equivalent inductor is

60  20
25   40 H
60  20

The 30 H inductor is in parallel with a short circuit, which is equivalent to a short circuit. After
making these simplifications, we have

Then
1 1 1 1 1
18  L eq  10       L  20 H
1 1 1 20 L 40 8
 
20 L 40

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 P 7.8-8 The circuit shown in Figure P 7.8-8 is
at steady state when the switch opens at time

t = 0. Determine v1(0–), v1(0+), i2(0–), i2(0+),

i3(0–), i3(0+), v4(0–), and v4(0+).

Figure P 7.8-8

Solution: The capacitor voltage and inductor current

don’t change instantaneously and so are the keys to
solving this problem.

Label the capacitor voltage and inductor current as

shown.

Before t = 0, with the switch closed and the circuit at

steady state, the inductor acts like a short circuit and
the capacitor acts like an open circuit.

12
i 3  0   i  0    1.33 A
9

v 4  0   v  0   6 i  0   8 V

v 1  0    0 V and i 2  0    0 A
The capacitor voltage and inductor current don’t change instantaneously so

v  0    v  0    8 V and i  0    i  0    1.33 A

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 After the switch opens the circuit looks like this:

From KCL:
i 3  t   0 A and i 2  t   i  t 
From KVL:
v1  t   6 i  t   v  t 
From Ohm’s Law:
v4  t  6 i t

At t  0 
i 3  0    0 A and i 2  0    i  0    1.33 A

v1  0    v  0    6 i  0    8  6  1.333  0 V

v 4  0   6 i  0   8 V

P7.8-12. The circuit shown in Figure 7.8-12 has reached steady state before the switch closes at time
t = 0.

Figure 7.8-12

(a) Determine the values of i L  t  , v C  t  and v R  t  immediately before the switch closes.
(b) Determine the value of v R  t  immediately after the switch closes.

Solution: Because
 This circuit has reached steady state before the switch closes at time t = 0.
 The only source is a constant voltage source.
At t=0, the capacitor acts like an open circuit and the inductor acts like a short circuit.

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 35
From the circuit iL  0    0.5 A , v R  0    40 i L  0    20 V ,
30  40
And v C  0    v R  0    20 V

The capacitor voltage and inductor current don’t change instantaneously so

v C  0    v C  0    20 V and i L  0    i L  0    0.5 A

 40 
v R  0    40  i L  0    10 V
 40  40 
(Notice that the resistor voltage did change instantaneously.)

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