MATHS GAMES

APSMO JUNIOR
WEDNESDAY 3 MAY 2023
1
Suggested Time: 30 Minutes

1A. Hugo is using square tiles that are all the same size. Write your
He begins and then He surrounds 1 2 3 4 5 answers in
with one surrounds it
1 2. 3
the grey tiles
16 6 the boxes on
white tile, with a border
8 4
with a border of
15 7
the back.

←
7 6 5 14 8
of 8 grey tiles. 16 white tiles. 13 12 11 10 9

Hugo continues to alternate between grey and white borders. Keep your
How many tiles will Hugo need for the next white border? answers
Hint: You could draw more tiles around Hugo's pattern.
hidden by
folding
backwards
1B. Buying two bottles of water and a bottle of juice from a vending machine on this line.
costs $10.
Two bottles of juice and one bottle of water costs $11.
How much does it cost to buy one bottle of water from this vending
machine, in dollars?
Hint: Is a bottle of water more or less expensive than a bottle of juice?

1C. Jeremy and Kaleb are building a fence around a paddock.

They start at one corner and work around in opposite directions to each
other.
Jeremy takes 30 minutes to build one metre of fence.
Kaleb takes 10 minutes to build one metre of fence.
The perimeter of the paddock is 80 metres long.
How many more metres of fence will Kaleb build than Jeremy?
Hint: How much of the fence will Jeremy build in one hour?

1D. 15 divided by 6 is 2 remainder 3.

In total, how many different counting numbers will leave a remainder of
3 when divided into 15?
Hint: You could build a table.

1E. In the next 16 days, there will be 3 Fridays.

How many Tuesdays were there in the past 38 days?
Hint: What day of the week might it be today?

Copyright © 2023 Australasian Problem Solving Mathematical Olympiads (APSMO) Inc. All rights reserved.
 MATHS GAMES
APSMO JUNIOR
WEDNESDAY 3 MAY 2023
1
1A.
Student Name:
Fold here. Keep your answers hidden.

1B.

1C.

1D.

1E.

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 MATHS GAMES
APSMO JUNIOR
WEDNESDAY 3 MAY 2023
1
Solutions and Answers
(Items in parentheses are not required)

1A: 32 1B: ($)3 1C: 40 1D: 3 1E: 6

1A. The question is, How many tiles will Hugo need for the next white border?

Strategy 1: Build a Table, and Draw a Diagram

Let's use . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . .
a table to . . . . . . . . .
record the . . . . . . . . .

number Tile pattern .

. .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. Hugo will
of tiles . . . . . . . . . need 32
for each . . . . . . . . .
tiles for the
. . . . . . . . .
border. next white
Tiles in outside border 8 16 24 32 border.

Strategy 2: Build a Table, Draw a Diagram, and Find a Pattern

It may Every time

help to Hugo adds
consider another
the side Tile pattern border, the
length side length
for each increases
pattern of by 2.
squares. Side length of pattern 3 5 7 9

We can then use many different methods to count the tiles in the outside border.
For example, for a side length of 5:
. . . . . X . . . X X . . . . . . . . .
X X . . X X . X X X .
X X . . X X . X X X .
X X . . X X . X X X .
. . . . . X . . . X . . . . X . . . . .

5 + 3 + 5 + 3 = 16 4 × 3 + 4 = 16 4 × 4 = 16 (5 × 5) – (3 × 3) = 16

These patterns can then be applied to larger side lengths.

We want to find the number of tiles in the ouside border, for a side length of 9.
. . . . . . . . . X . . . . . . . X X . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
X X . . X X . X X X X X X X .
X X . . X X . X X X X X X X .
X X . . X X . X X X X X X X .
X X . . X X . X X X X X X X .
X X . . X X . X X X X X X X .
X X . . X X . X X X X X X X .
X X . . X X . X X X X X X X .
. . . . . . . . . X . . . . . . . X . . . . . . . . X . . . . . . . . .

9 + 7 + 9 + 7 = 32 4 × 7 + 4 = 32 4 × 8 = 32 (9 × 9) – (7 × 7) = 32
Regardless of the method we choose to use, we find that Hugo needs 32 tiles for the next white border.

Follow-Up: How many tiles would there be in the white border after this one? [ 48 ]

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 MATHS GAMES
APSMO JUNIOR
WEDNESDAY 3 MAY 2023
1
1B. The question is, How much does it cost to buy one bottle of water, in dollars?

Strategy 1: Build a Table, and Find a Pattern

Let's guess that a bottle of water costs $1. 1 Water 1 Juice 2 Juice + 1 Water
Since 2 bottles of water and 1 bottle of juice costs $10, $1 $8 2 × $8 + $1 = $17
1 bottle of juice must cost $10 – 2 × $1 = $8.
If so, 2 bottles of juice and 1 bottle of water would cost 2 × $8 + $1 = $17.

If a bottle of water costs $2, 1 bottle of juice must cost 1 Water 1 Juice 2 Juice + 1 Water
$10 – 2 × $2 = $6.
$1 $8 2 × $8 + $1 = $17
2 bottles of juice and 1 bottle of water would cost $2 $6 2 × $6 + $2 = $14
2 × $6 + $2 = $14.

Increasing the cost of the water by $1 reduced the total cost for 2 bottles of juice + 1 bottle of water by $3.
We want to reduce the total cost for 2 bottles of juice + 1 bottle of water down by another $3, to $11.
Let's try increasing the cost of the water by another $1.

If a bottle of water costs $3, 1 bottle of juice must cost 1 Water 1 Juice 2 Juice + 1 Water
$10 – 2 × $3 = $4.
$1 $8 2 × $8 + $1 = $17
2 bottles of juice and 1 bottle of water would cost $2 $6 2 × $6 + $2 = $14
2 × $4 + $3 = $11.
$3 $4 2 × $4 + $3 = $11
That matches the question.
One bottle of water costs $3.

Strategy 2: Draw a Diagram and Reason Logically

1 bottle of juice and 2 bottles of juice and All together, 3 bottles of juice and 3 bottles of
2 bottles of water 1 bottle of water costs water would cost $10 + $11 = $21.
costs $10. $11.

We can arrange 3 bottles of juice and 3 bottles 1 bottle of juice and 1 bottle of juice and
of water into 3 equal groups, each containing 2 bottles of water 1 bottle of water
1 juice and 1 water. costs $10. costs $7.

$7 $7 $7 $10 $7
If the 3 groups cost $21 all together, one of Therefore, one bottle of water by itself must cost
the groups, with 1 juice and 1 water, must cost $10 – $7 = $3.
$21 ÷ 3 = $7.

Follow-Up: If it costs $24 for 2 bottles each of water, juice and soft drink, how much does 1 bottle of soft drink cost? [ $5 ]

Copyright © 2023 Australasian Problem Solving Mathematical Olympiads (APSMO) Inc. All rights reserved.
 MATHS GAMES
APSMO JUNIOR
WEDNESDAY 3 MAY 2023
1
1C. The question is, how many more metres of fence would Kaleb build than Jeremy?

Strategy 1: Build a Table, and Find a Pattern (1)

Kaleb builds 1 metre of fence every 10 minutes. Jeremy builds 1 metre of fence every 30 minutes.
Since there are 6 × 10 = 60 minutes in an hour, in Since there are 2 × 30 = 60 minutes in an hour, in
one hour Kaleb would build 6 metres of fence. one hour Jeremy would build 2 metres of fence.

Fence 1m 1m 1m 1m 1m 1m 1m Fence 1m 1m 1m
Length Length
Time 10 mins 6 × 10 = 60 mins ( = 1 hour) Time 30 mins 2 × 30 = 60 mins ( = 1 hour)

Working together, in one hour Kaleb and Jeremy will 1m 1m 1m 1m 1m 1m 1m 1m

build 6 metres + 2 metres = 8 metres of fence.

If Kaleb and Jeremy build 8 metres of fence Time (hours) 1 2 3 ... 10

in an hour, then in 10 hours they will build
10 × 8 = 80 metres of fence. Kaleb's Fence (m) 6 12 18 ... 60
Jeremy's Fence (m) 2 4 6 ... 20
80 metres is the amount required to go
around the paddock. Total Fence (m) 8 16 24 ... 80

In 10 hours, Kaleb builds 60 metres of fence, and Jeremy builds 20 metres of fence.
So Kaleb would build 60 – 20 = 40 more metres of fence than Jeremy.

Strategy 2: Build a Table, and Find a Pattern (2)

Jeremy builds 1 metre of fence in 30 Jeremy's Fence (m) 1

minutes.
Kaleb's Fence (m) 3
Kaleb builds 1 metre of fence in 10 minutes,
Total Fence (m) 4
so in 3 × 10 = 30 minutes he will build
3 × 1 = 3 metres of fence. Difference (m) 2

When Kaleb and Jeremy build 3 + 1 = 4 metres of fence together, Kaleb ends up building 3 – 1 = 2
metres more than Jeremy.
The difference is half of the total amount of fence built so far.

If we continue the table, we can see that the Jeremy's Fence (m) 1 2 3 ...
difference continues to be half of the total
amount of fence built so far. Kaleb's Fence (m) 3 6 9 ...
Total Fence (m) 4 8 12 ... 80
Why does this pattern occur?
Difference (m) 2 4 6 ... 40

When the 80 m fence is complete, Kaleb will have built 80 ÷ 2 = 40 metres more than Jeremy.

Follow-Up: Jeremy and Kaleb agree to build half of the 120 m fence each. After he has finished his half, for how many hours does Kaleb
need to wait until Jeremy has finished his half? [ 20 ]

Copyright © 2023 Australasian Problem Solving Mathematical Olympiads (APSMO) Inc. All rights reserved.
 MATHS GAMES
APSMO JUNIOR
WEDNESDAY 3 MAY 2023
1
1D. The question is, How many different counting numbers will leave a remainder of 3 when divided into 15?

Strategy 1: Build a Table

We can try dividing 15 by every counting number that is less than, or equal to, 15.

Divisor Division and Remainder Divisor Division and Remainder Divisor Division and Remainder
1 15 ÷ 1 = 15 r. 0 6 15 ÷ 6 = 2 r. 3 11 15 ÷ 11 = 1 r. 4
2 15 ÷ 2 = 7 r. 1 7 15 ÷ 7 = 2 r. 1 12 15 ÷ 12 = 1 r. 3
3 15 ÷ 3 = 5 r. 0 8 15 ÷ 8 = 1 r. 7 13 15 ÷ 13 = 1 r. 2
4 15 ÷ 4 = 3 r. 3 9 15 ÷ 9 = 1 r. 6 14 15 ÷ 14 = 1 r. 1
5 15 ÷ 5 = 3 r. 0 10 15 ÷ 10 = 1 r. 5 15 15 ÷ 15 = 1 r. 0

There are 3 different counting numbers that leave a remainder of 3 when divided into 15.

Strategy 2: Draw a Diagram

If a number leaves a The factors of 12 are:

remainder of 3 when
divided into 15, then
it must be a factor of
15 – 3 = 12.
1 and 12, 2 and 6, 3 and 4.

Let's try dividing 15 by all of the factors of 12.

The remainder from a division If we divide 15 by a factor of 12 that

must be less than the divisor. is greater than 3, the remainder will
be exactly 3.
This means that, when we
divide 15 by a number that
is less than or equal to 3, any
remainder must be less than 3.

15 ÷ 4 = 3 15 ÷ 6 = 2
r. 3 r. 3

There are 3
different counting
numbers that
leave a remainder
15 ÷ 1 = 15 15 ÷ 2 = 7 15 ÷ 3 = 5 15 ÷ 12 = 1 of 3 when divided
r. 0 r. 1 r. 0 r. 3 into 15.

Follow-Up: How many numbers will leave a remainder of 3 when divided into 27? [ 5 (4, 6, 8, 12, 24) ]

Copyright © 2023 Australasian Problem Solving Mathematical Olympiads (APSMO) Inc. All rights reserved.
 MATHS GAMES
APSMO JUNIOR
WEDNESDAY 3 MAY 2023
1
1E. The question is, How many Tuesdays were there in the past 38 days?

?
“In the next 16 days” means 16 days starting from tomorrow.
"In the past 38 days" means 38 days, where the last of the 38 days was yesterday.

Strategy: Build a Table, and Find a Pattern

There will be 3 Fridays in the next 16 days. Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat
Let's draw a calendar, to find out how many days 1 2
we need, to be able to fit in 3 Fridays.
3 4 5 6 7 8 9
To get 3 Fridays, we will need at least 15 days. 10 11 12 13 14 15

The extra (16th) day of the "next 16 days" could either be just before, or just after these 15 days.
If so, today must be either Wednesday or Thursday.

Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat
Today 16 Today

16

We can now figure out how many Tuesdays there were in the past 38 days.

Suppose today is a Wednesday. Let's count back. What if today is a Thursday?

We need to go back 1 day to get to the previous We need to go back 2 days to get to the previous
Tuesday. Tuesday.
Going back 1 + 7 = 8 days gets 2 previous Going back 2 + 7 = 9 days gets 2 previous
Tuesdays, and so on. Tuesdays, and so on.

Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat
38 37 36 38 37
29 30
22 23
15 16
8 9
1 Today 16 2 Today

16

In both cases, we can see that there were 6 Tuesdays within the past 38 days.

Follow-Up: How many Thursdays were there in the past 38 days? [ 5 ]

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