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12 September - Number Patterns - Series - Lesson Notes

The document provides an overview of sequences and series, focusing on arithmetic and geometric sequences. It includes formulas for general terms and sums of these series, as well as examples for calculating sums. Additionally, it discusses the concept of a convergent series and introduces sigma notation for summation.

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randyleekoopman0112
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17 views26 pages

12 September - Number Patterns - Series - Lesson Notes

The document provides an overview of sequences and series, focusing on arithmetic and geometric sequences. It includes formulas for general terms and sums of these series, as well as examples for calculating sums. Additionally, it discusses the concept of a convergent series and introduces sigma notation for summation.

Uploaded by

randyleekoopman0112
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Practice questions:

Quadratic Sequences:

1.

Arithmetic Sequences:

2.

3.
Practice questions:
Geometric Sequences:

4.
p 88/328
Sequences and Series
• A series is the sum of number of terms of a sequence and is represented by 𝑆! .
• Arithmetic Series
• Geometric Series
Arithmetic and Geometric Series p 96/328

• General term for the arithmetic series: 𝑇! = 𝑎 + 𝑛 − 1 𝑑


𝑛
• Sum of the arithmetic series: 𝑆! = 2𝑎 + 𝑛 − 1 𝑑
2

• Last term: 𝑙 =𝑎+ 𝑛−1 𝑑


𝑛
∴ 𝑆! = 𝑎+𝑙
2

• General term for the geometric series: 𝑇! = 𝑎 . 𝑟 !"#


" #$% !
• Sum of the geometric series: 𝑆! = #$%
if 𝑟<1

" % ! $#
𝑆! = %$#
if 𝑟>1
Arithmetic Series

p 96/328

Geometric Series

p 99/328
Arithmetic Series 𝑛
𝑆! = 2𝑎 + 𝑛 − 1 𝑑
2
Example 1:
𝑛
𝑆! = 𝑎 + 𝑙
Determine the sum of the first 25 terms of 18 + 13 + 8 + … . . 2
𝑇! = 𝑎 + 𝑛 − 1 𝑑
Arithmetic Series 𝑛
𝑆! = 2𝑎 + 𝑛 − 1 𝑑
2
Example 2:
𝑛
𝑆! = 𝑎 + 𝑙
Determine the sum of the series 5 + 8 + 11 + … … + 35 2
𝑇! = 𝑎 + 𝑛 − 1 𝑑
Arithmetic Series
Example 3:
Arithmetic Series
Example 4:
Geometric Series 𝑇" = 𝑎 % 𝑟 "#$
% $#& !
Example 1: 𝑆" = if 𝑟<1
$#&
% & ! #$
𝑆" = if 𝑟>1
Given the series −2 + 6 − 18 + 54 + … … &#$

Determine:
a) the sum to nine terms
b) the value of 𝑛 if the sum of the series is −797 162
Geometric Series
Example 2:
Geometric Series
Example 3:
Sum to infinity ( 𝑆! )
• A Geometric series with −𝟏 < 𝒓 < 𝟏, 𝑟 ≠ 0, will have a sum to infinity, as 𝑆+ will
approach a set value.
• This is known as a convergent series, or a series that converges.

,
• 𝑆+ = if −1 < 𝑟 < 1
-./

# 2942
# 2936
# 2952
Sum to infinity ( 𝑆+ ) %
𝑆$ = #"& if −1 < 𝑟 < 1

Example 1:
& (
Calculate the sum to infinity of the geometric series 2 − ' + ) − … …
Sum to infinity ( 𝑆+ )
Example 2:
Sigma Notation p 101/328

• Sigma notation is denoted by Σ, which means “the sum of”.


end term

Σ Formula for the series (𝑇" )


start term

• Find the first three terms to check if arithmetic or geometric.


• Then use formula for 𝑆!

# 2946
# 3926
# 2964
Sigma Notation
Example 1:

Calculate the value of


Sigma Notation
Example 1:

Calculate the value of


Sigma Notation
Example 2:

Calculate the value of


Sigma Notation
Example 3:
Sigma Notation
Example 4:
Practice Questions:
1.

2.
Practice Questions:
3.

4.
Practice Questions:
5.

6.
Practice Questions:
7.

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