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VAE

The document details the implementation and methodology of a Variational Autoencoder (VAE) using the MNIST dataset, including data processing, model architecture, loss metrics, and training procedures. After 100 epochs, the VAE demonstrates a well-organized latent space and reasonably accurate reconstructions of digits, with smooth transitions between classes. While the outputs may be slightly blurry, the VAE provides stable training and interpretable latent representations.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
4 views3 pages

VAE

The document details the implementation and methodology of a Variational Autoencoder (VAE) using the MNIST dataset, including data processing, model architecture, loss metrics, and training procedures. After 100 epochs, the VAE demonstrates a well-organized latent space and reasonably accurate reconstructions of digits, with smooth transitions between classes. While the outputs may be slightly blurry, the VAE provides stable training and interpretable latent representations.

Uploaded by

Emily
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Variational Autoencoder Implementation and Methodology

 Data Processing: MNIST digits normalized to [0, 1], reshaped into flat vectors of

length 784 for input compatibility.

 VAE Model Architecture:

1. Encoder: Utilized two dense layers; the first with ReLU activation, followed by

layers outputting mean (μ) and log variance (σ²) of latent space distributions.

2. Reparameterization: Implemented standard Gaussian sampling (mean,

variance) to facilitate backpropagation.

3. Decoder: Reconstructed input digits using dense layers culminating in sigmoid

activation to output pixel probabilities.

 Loss Metrics: Incorporated reconstruction loss (sigmoid cross-entropy) to measure

fidelity and KL divergence to regularize latent distributions.

 Training: Conducted over 100 epochs with visual evaluations at selected intervals

(epochs 1, 10, 20, 50, and 100).

VAE Interpretation After 100 Epochs

1. Training Loss: The sum of reconstruction loss and KL divergence gradually declines

over 100 epochs, reflecting that the VAE is learning a smoother latent representation

of MNIST.

2. Reconstruction: Random test images and their reconstructions reveal that by ~100

epochs, the VAE captures the digit shapes reasonably well (though some blurring is

common for VAEs).

3. Latent Space Sampling: Sampling from a 2D latent grid [−2 ,2]×[−2 ,2]. yields a

grid of digits that morph smoothly between digit classes. This indicates the VAE has
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learned a continuous latent manifold where nearby z points correspond to similar digit

features.

The VAE’s outputs can be slightly blurry because it optimizes a reconstruction

objective that averages over many possible styles. However, it offers a more interpretable

latent space and stable training. By epoch 100, the latent distribution is well-organized,

enabling coherent digit generation across the entire 2D manifold.

Conclusions

VAE:

 The VAE builds a probabilistic latent space, encoding each input into a mean/variance

distribution.

 By sampling from that distribution, we can generate new digits.

 After 100 epochs, the reconstructions are fairly accurate, and the latent space forms

smooth transitions between digit classes.


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The VAE is typically more stable and interpretable, though sometimes produces blurrier

samples. In any case, both yield convincing synthetic digits that confirm they have captured

fundamental features of the MNIST dataset.

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