Solutions to 2022 Java Programming

Questions

Q1a: Write a program to implement single inheritance in Java.

class Parent {
void display() {
System.out.println("This is the parent class.");
}
}

class Child extends Parent {

void show() {
System.out.println("This is the child class.");
}
}

public class SingleInheritance {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Child obj = new Child();
obj.display();
obj.show();
}
}

Q1b: Implement String Delete(String str, int m).

public class StringDelete {

static String Delete(String str, int m) {
if (m < 0 || m >= str.length()) {
return str; // Return the original string if the index is
invalid.
}
return str.substring(0, m) + str.substring(m + 1);
}

public static void main(String[] args) {

System.out.println(Delete("HelloWorld", 5)); // Output: Helloorld
}
}

Q1c: Explain an array, how to declare it in Java, and compare C and Java
arrays.
  Array: A data structure used to store multiple elements of the same type.
 Declaration in Java: int[] arr = new int[5];
 Comparison:
o Java arrays are objects and have built-in bounds checking, whereas C arrays are
raw memory blocks.
o Java arrays have a length property, while in C, you need to manage size
manually.

Q2a: Explain static and dynamic polymorphism with examples.

 Static Polymorphism: Method overloading.

class Polymorphism {
int add(int a, int b) {
return a + b;
}

double add(double a, double b) {

return a + b;
}
}

 Dynamic Polymorphism: Method overriding.

class Parent {
void show() {
System.out.println("Parent method.");
}
}

class Child extends Parent {

@Override
void show() {
System.out.println("Child method.");
}
}

Q2b: Write a program to join two strings.

public class JoinStrings {

public static void main(String[] args) {
String str1 = "Hello, ";
String str2 = "World!";
System.out.println(str1 + str2); // Output: Hello, World!
}
}
Q2c: Write a program to sort n numbers in an array.

import java.util.Arrays;

public class SortArray {

public static void main(String[] args) {
int[] arr = {5, 2, 8, 1, 3};
Arrays.sort(arr);
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(arr)); // Output: [1, 2, 3, 5, 8]
}
}

Q3a: Explain the implementation of an interface with an example.

interface Animal {
void sound();
}

class Dog implements Animal {

@Override
public void sound() {
System.out.println("Bark");
}
}

public class InterfaceExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Animal obj = new Dog();
obj.sound(); // Output: Bark
}
}
Q3b: List advantages of packages.

1. Organization: Helps in grouping related classes.

2. Avoids Naming Conflicts: Classes with the same name can reside in different packages.
3. Access Protection: Allows the use of protected and default access specifiers.
4. Reusability: Classes from a package can be reused in multiple projects.

Q3c: List Java API packages.

Some examples:

 java.lang: Core language classes (e.g., String, Math).

 java.util: Utility classes (e.g., ArrayList, HashMap).
 java.io: Classes for input/output operations.
 java.net: Networking classes.
Q4a: Explain the concept of a package with an example.

// File: mypackage/MyClass.java
package mypackage;

public class MyClass {

public void display() {
System.out.println("This is from MyClass in mypackage.");
}
}

// File: Test.java
import mypackage.MyClass;

public class Test {

public static void main(String[] args) {
MyClass obj = new MyClass();
obj.display(); // Output: This is from MyClass in mypackage.
}
}
Q4b: Explain default interface with an example.
interface Example {
default void show() {
System.out.println("Default Method in Interface.");
}
}

class ExampleClass implements Example {}

public class DefaultInterfaceExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {
ExampleClass obj = new ExampleClass();
obj.show(); // Output: Default Method in Interface.
}
}

Q5a: What is multithreading? Explain ways to create a thread in Java.

 Multithreading: A Java feature where a program runs multiple threads simultaneously.

 Ways to Create Threads:
1. Extend Thread class.

java
Copy code
class MyThread extends Thread {
public void run() {
System.out.println("Thread is running.");
}
}

2. Implement Runnable interface.

java
 Copy code
class MyRunnable implements Runnable {
public void run() {
System.out.println("Thread is running.");
}
}

Q5b: Explain applet and differentiate between applet and application.

 Applet: A Java program that runs in a browser.

Differences:
o Applets have a lifecycle (init(), start(), stop(), destroy()), while applications
have main().
o Applets need a browser or applet viewer to run.

Q6a: Explain thread priority with an example.

class MyThread extends Thread {

public void run() {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " Priority: " +
Thread.currentThread().getPriority());
}
}

public class ThreadPriorityExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {
MyThread t1 = new MyThread();
MyThread t2 = new MyThread();
t1.setPriority(Thread.MIN_PRIORITY);
t2.setPriority(Thread.MAX_PRIORITY);
t1.start();
t2.start();
}
}
Q6b: Write a Java code using Buffered Reader to read a name from the user.

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;

public class ReadName {

public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new
InputStreamReader(System.in));
System.out.print("Enter your name: ");
String name = br.readLine();
System.out.println("Hello, " + name + "!");
}
}
Q7a: Explain the Graphics class in Java. List and explain any three drawing methods.

 Graphics Class: It is part of java.awt and provides methods to draw shapes, text, and images
on components.
 Three Drawing Methods:
1. drawLine(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2): Draws a line between two points.
2. drawRect(int x, int y, int width, int height): Draws a rectangle.
3. drawOval(int x, int y, int width, int height): Draws an oval within a
bounding rectangle.

Q7b: Create an application to display a message using Frame class.

import java.awt.*;

public class FrameExample extends Frame {

FrameExample() {
Label label = new Label("Welcome to the World of Java",
Label.CENTER);
add(label);
setSize(300, 200);
setVisible(true);
}

public static void main(String[] args) {

new FrameExample();
}
}

Q8a: Write a Java program using Swing to display "Welcome to Java."

import javax.swing.*;

public class SwingExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {
JFrame frame = new JFrame("Welcome Window");
JLabel label = new JLabel("Welcome to Java", SwingConstants.CENTER);
frame.add(label);
frame.setSize(300, 200);
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
frame.setVisible(true);
}
}
Q8b: Explain the hierarchy of AWT.

 AWT (Abstract Window Toolkit) hierarchy:

o java.lang.Object
 java.awt.Component
 java.awt.Container
 java.awt.Panel
 java.awt.Window
 java.awt.Frame
  java.awt.Dialog

Q8c: Write a code in Java to open a file for reading.

import java.io.*;

public class ReadFile {

public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new
FileReader("example.txt"));
String line;
while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
System.out.println(line);
}
reader.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
System.out.println("File not found or unable to read.");
}
}
}