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Overriding
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 Explain Overriding

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 Explain Abstract method and Pure virtual methods

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Explain Replacement and Refinement

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 Differentiate between Overriding and Shadowing
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 Differentiate between Overriding and Overloading
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A child class can override the method of a parent

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class

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Child class use methods inherited from the parent

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class as per its own requirement
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Child class cannot change the signature (the

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name and parameters of the parent class method)

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 The figure shows calling parent class method from child

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class overridden method

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Replacement - When the child class completely

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overrides the parent class method implementation

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Refinement - When the child class includes the
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overridden method within its own version

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An abstract method is one which is declared inside

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parent class but not implemented there.

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The characteristics of abstract methods are as follows:

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• An abstract method is considered implicitly virtual.
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• Abstract methods are allowed only in abstract
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classes in C# and Java.
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• An abstract method declaration provides no actual

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implementation and the method declaration simply

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ends with a semicolon.

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 The figure shows an abstract class with an abstract

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method.

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 The table shows syntax of writing an abstract method.

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C# Java C++

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abstract public void draw(); abstract public void draw(); virtual void draw() = 0;

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 The table lists the differences between the abstract class

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and interface.

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Abstract Class Interface
Can contain methods with a body
Cannot simulate multiple C Cannot contain methods with a body
Can simulate multiple inheritance
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inheritance
Child class should be a type of Child class may not be a type of interface
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Abstract class can have private All members of interface are implicitly
members public
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Enable strong naming on Specifies if assemblies have strong names

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 The deferred methods of C# and Java are referred to as pure

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virtual functions in C++.

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 In C++, including a pure virtual function in a class is the only way

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to inform the compiler that the class is abstract.

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Code Snippet
class Shape C
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{
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public:
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virtual void Area() = 0;

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}
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 Table shows the difference between overriding and overloading.

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Method Overriding Method Overloading
Classes in which overridden methods Parent-child relationship is not required for

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are used must have a parent-child overloading
relationship

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For overriding, the method signature For overloading, the method signature must be

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cannot be changed changed
Overridden methods can be combined Overloaded methods are always executed
to perform the actions of both parent
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and child class together
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Overriding is resolved at run-time Overloading is resolved at compile time

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 Method overriding is a technique in which a child class

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can override the method of a parent class and change

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the implementation of the method to suit its own

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requirement.

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 Replacement is a condition in which the child class

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completely overrides the parent class method
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Refinement is a condition in which the child class
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includes the functionality of the parent class version of

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the overridden method within its own version.

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 An abstract method is one which is declared inside

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parent class but implemented in the child class.

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 An abstract class is intended only to be a base class of

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other classes and cannot be instantiated.

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 Shadowing is a technique in which a variable or

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method declared in one scope hides a variable or
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method with the same name in another scope.
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 Redefinition is a technique in which the name of the

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methods remains the same but signature of the child

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class method differs from that of the parent class.

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