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Chapter 1 Notes NIOS Data Entry Operations 12th

The document provides an overview of computer fundamentals, including definitions of key components such as the CPU, input/output devices, and types of software. It distinguishes between low-level and high-level programming languages, explaining their characteristics and examples. Additionally, it covers various types of printers and their functionalities, as well as the role of system and application software.

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64 views2 pages

Chapter 1 Notes NIOS Data Entry Operations 12th

The document provides an overview of computer fundamentals, including definitions of key components such as the CPU, input/output devices, and types of software. It distinguishes between low-level and high-level programming languages, explaining their characteristics and examples. Additionally, it covers various types of printers and their functionalities, as well as the role of system and application software.

Uploaded by

mr.lucifer245
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 1

Computer Device that transforms data into meaningful information


Input Process of entering data
CU (Control Unit) The process of input, output, processing and storage
ALU (Arithmetic Major operations performed are +-*/ logic and comparison
Logic Unit)
Output Process of producing results
CPU (CeEntral ALU+CU, brain of the computer
Processing Unit)
Input Devices Keyboard, mouse, light pen, optical/magnetic scanner, touch screen, Microphone (for
voice as an input), track ball
Mouse Electro-mechanical handheld device
Light Pen Light sensitive detector to select objects in display screen
Optical Scanner Used for automatic data collection (example bar code reader)
Trackball A pointing device, is a mouse lying on its back
Output Devices Monitor, printers, plotters speakers
CRT Cathode Ray tube –typical monitor we see on a desktop computer
LCD Liquid crystal Displays – flat panel monitors, used LCDs for images, very popular
now
Laser Printer High quality print
Extremely fast and quiet
Automatic paper loading
No smudging
It is costly
Inkjet Printer Sprays ink through 64 tiny nozzles
Quality high (though lower than laser)
Middle ground between dot matrix and laser
Dot matrix Printer head hits the paper by a combination of dots
Inexpensive
Line Printer Large computer systems for text based data processing reports
Very costly
Plotters Produces images on paper to produce large drawings like building plans etc
Flat Bed and Drum
Can be connected to PC like a printer
System Software Set of programs responsible for running the computer and managing its resources
Two types - Operating system and utilities
Operating system Provides an interface for the user to communicate with computer (like dos, windows
10)
Utilities Broad category of software like anti virus, zip software etc
Application software Set of programs written to perform specific tasks
Two types- Generalised packages and customised packages
Generalised User friendly software like ms word, excel etc
packages
Customised Developed for specific requirements of an organisation like payroll package etc
packages
Low level language Closeness to the way in which machine understands
Two types machine language and assembly language
Machine language This is the language in the form of 0s and 1s (called binary numbers)
Understood directly by computers and machine dependent
Difficult to learn and even more difficult to write these langauges
Assembly language 0s and 1s are substituted by symbolic codes (called mnemonics)
Programing is simpler and less time consuming than machine language
It is also machine dependent
High level language Uses normal english like easy to understand statements
Computer independent
Programing becomes easier and simpler than low level languages
BASIC Beginners all purpose symbolic Instruction code
COBOL Common Business oriented language
FORTRAN Formula translation
Compiler Software that Translates a program written in high level language to machine language
Higher level language  complier  machine language
Assembler Software that Translates assembly level language into machine language
Assembling language  Assembler  Machine language

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