Module 2
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nowshinambar01Module 2
Uploaded by
nowshinambar01Module 2
Introduction to
Qualitative chemistry
Name
…………………………………
Module 2: Introduction to Qualitative Chemistry 1
Syllabus
Module 2: Introduction to Quantitative Chemistry
Outcomes
A
student:
› designs
and
evaluates
investigations
in
order
to
obtain
primary
and
secondary
data
and
information
CH11/12-‐2
› selects
and
processes
appropriate
qualitative
and
quantitative
data
and
information
using
a
range
of
appropriate
media
CH11/12-‐4
› solves
scientific
problems
using
primary
and
secondary
data,
critical
thinking
skills
and
scientific
processes
CH11/12-‐6
› describes,
applies
and
quantitatively
analyses
the
mole
concept
and
stoichiometric
relationships
CH11-‐9
Content
Focus
Students
are
introduced
to
the
quantitative
nature
of
chemistry.
Chemists
must
be
able
to
quantify
reactions
in
order
to
make
predictions
about
yields
and
communicate
with
specific
audiences
for
specific
purposes
using
nomenclature,
genres
and
modes
unique
to
the
discipline.
Using
the
mole
concept,
students
will
have
the
opportunity
to
select
and
use
appropriate
mathematical
representations
to
solve
problems,
make
predictions
and
calculate
the
mass
of
reactants
and
products,
whether
solid,
liquid
or
gas.
Students
further
develop
their
understanding
of
the
universal
language
of
chemistry.
They
are
introduced
to
the
idea
that
science
is
a
global
enterprise
that
relies
on
clear
communication,
international
conventions,
peer
review
and
reproducibility.
Working
Scientifically
In
this
module,
students
focus
on
designing
and
evaluating
investigations
that
enable
them
to
obtain
quantitative
data
to
help
them
solve
problems
related
to
quantitative
chemistry.
Students
should
be
provided
with
opportunities
to
engage
with
all
the
Working
Scientifically
skills
throughout
the
course.
Module 2: Introduction to Qualitative Chemistry 2
Content
Chemical Reactions and Stoichiometry
Inquiry question: What happens in chemical reactions?
Students:
● conduct practical investigations to observe and measure the quantitative relationships of
chemical reactions, including but not limited to:
– masses of solids and/or liquids in chemical reactions
– volumes of gases in chemical reactions (ACSCH046)
● relate stoichiometry to the law of conservation of mass in chemical reactions by investigating:
– balancing chemical equations (ACSCH039)
– solving problems regarding mass changes in chemical reactions (ACSCH046)
Mole Concept
Inquiry question: How are measurements made in chemistry?
Students:
● conduct a practical investigation to demonstrate and calculate the molar mass (mass of one
mole) of:
– an element
– a compound (ACSCH046)
● conduct an investigation to determine that chemicals react in simple whole number ratios by
moles
● explore the concept of the mole and relate this to Avogadro’s constant to describe, calculate
and manipulate masses, chemical amounts and numbers of particles in: (ACSCH007, ACSCH039)
#
– moles of elements and compounds 𝑛 = (n = chemical amount in moles, m = mass in
$$
grams, MM = molar mass in gmol-‐1)
– percentage composition calculations and empirical formulae
– limiting reagent reactions
Module 2: Introduction to Qualitative Chemistry 3
Concentration and Molarity
Inquiry question: How are chemicals in solutions measured?
Students:
● conduct practical investigations to determine the concentrations of solutions and investigate
the different ways in which concentrations are measured (ACSCH046, ACSCH063)
● manipulate variables and solve problems to calculate concentration, mass or volume using:
'
– 𝑐 = (molarity formula) (ACSCH063)
(
– dilutions (number of moles before dilution = number of moles of sample after dilution)
● conduct an investigation to make a standard solution and perform a dilution
Gas
Laws
Inquiry
question:
How
does
the
Ideal
Gas
Law
relate
to
all
other
Gas
Laws?
Students:
● conduct
investigations
and
solve
problems
to
determine
the
relationship
between
the
Ideal
Gas
Law
and:
– Gay-‐Lussac’s
Law
(temperature)
– Boyle’s
Law
– Charles’
Law
– Avogadro’s
Law
(ACSCH060)
Module 2: Introduction to Qualitative Chemistry 4
Homework
Tick when
What’s for homework? Due Date done!
q
q
q
q
q
q
q
Module 2: Introduction to Qualitative Chemistry 5
Chemical reactions &
stoichiometry
Inquiry
question:
What
happens
in
chemical
reactions?
● conduct
practical
investigations
to
observe
and
measure
the
quantitative
relationships
of
chemical
reactions,
including
but
not
limited
to:
– masses
of
solids
and/or
liquids
in
chemical
reactions
– volumes
of
gases
in
chemical
reactions
(ACSCH046)
Law of Conservation Mass
Reactants Masses (g) Observations Equation
Mass
Lead nitrate before
+ Mass after
Potassium iodide Difference
Mass
Barium chloride before
+ Mass after
sodium sulfate Difference
Mass
Vinegar before
+ Mass after
baking soda Difference
Conclusion:
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The Law of Conservation Mass
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Module 2: Introduction to Qualitative Chemistry 6
● relate stoichiometry to the law of conservation of mass in chemical reactions by investigating:
– balancing chemical equations (ACSCH039)
– solving problems regarding mass changes in chemical reactions (ACSCH046)
How to balance equations
https://www.khanacademy.org/science/chemistry/chemical-‐reactions-‐
stoichiome/balancing-‐chemical-‐equations/v/balancing-‐chemical-‐
Khan equations-‐introduction
academy
Notes:
pHet https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/balancing-‐chemical-‐equations
Notes:
Wiki https://www.wikihow.com/Balance-‐Chemical-‐Equations
How
Notes:
Module 2: Introduction to Qualitative Chemistry 7
Writing Chemical Equations
TASK: Use this information to fill out the tables that follow
Module 2: Introduction to Qualitative Chemistry 8
Module 2: Introduction to Qualitative Chemistry 9
Module 2: Introduction to Qualitative Chemistry 10
Module 2: Introduction to Qualitative Chemistry 11
Module 2: Introduction to Qualitative Chemistry 12
Module 2: Introduction to Qualitative Chemistry 13
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Module 2: Introduction to Qualitative Chemistry 14
What are the meanings of the following?
Coefficients
Reaction
Arrow
State symbols
Write an example of how to balance an equation
Online
quizzes
https://www.thoughtco.com/how-‐to-‐balance-‐equations-‐
practice-‐quiz-‐4098547
https://www.thoughtco.com/balancing-‐equations-‐practice-‐
quiz-‐4085427
Module 2: Introduction to Qualitative Chemistry 15
Module 2: Introduction to Qualitative Chemistry 16
Module 2: Introduction to Qualitative Chemistry 17
Mole Concept
Inquiry question: How are measurements made in chemistry?
● conduct
a
practical
investigation
to
demonstrate
and
calculate
the
molar
mass
(mass
of
one
mole)
of:
– an
element
– a
compound
(ACSCH046)
Element
or
Substance
Name
Chemical
formula
Molar
Mass
Compound?
Copper
Oxide
Zinc
Sulphuric
acid
Sodium
sulphate
Barium
chloride
Hydrochloric
acid
Module 2: Introduction to Qualitative Chemistry 18
● conduct an investigation to determine that chemicals react in simple whole number ratios by
moles
Module 2: Introduction to Qualitative Chemistry 19
Module 2: Introduction to Qualitative Chemistry 20
Module 2: Introduction to Qualitative Chemistry 21
Module 2: Introduction to Qualitative Chemistry 22
Module 2: Introduction to Qualitative Chemistry 23
Module 2: Introduction to Qualitative Chemistry 24
Module 2: Introduction to Qualitative Chemistry 25
Module 2: Introduction to Qualitative Chemistry 26
S’mores Stoichiometry
Activity:
Imagine you're on a camping trip and have just made a roaring campfire. You and
your friends are about to make s'mores. One of your friends was in charge of the
marshmallows and brought an entire bag, you were in charge of the graham crackers
and brought a whole box and another friend was in charge of the chocolate but ate
most of it on the car ride. Which ingredient will limit the number of s'mores that can
be made?
For this activity, each s’mores ingredient represents an element:
-‐ Marshmallow (M)
-‐ Graham Cracker (G)
-‐ Chocolate chips (Cc).
The Graham cracker is a diatomic element and is always found in pairs. It should be
represented as G2.
Instructions:
1. Decide what elements and how many of each it takes to create a s’more. There
is no set “recipe” for a s’more. You decide how you want it put together!
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2. What is the empirical formula for your s’more?
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3. Write and balance a synthesis equation for the formation of a s’more.
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4. Cause the reaction to go to completion by forming as many products as
possible. How many s’mores were made?
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5. What was the limiting reactant of this experiment? Were there reactants in
excess?
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Module 2: Introduction to Qualitative Chemistry 27
● explore the concept of the mole and relate this to Avogadro’s constant to describe, calculate
and manipulate masses, chemical amounts and numbers of particles in: (ACSCH007,
ACSCH039)
#
– moles of elements and compounds 𝑛 = (n = chemical amount in moles, m = mass in
$$
-‐1
grams, MM = molar mass in gmol )
– percentage composition calculations and empirical formulae
– limiting reagent reactions
Image taken from: http://www.compoundchem.com/2014/10/23/moleday/
Module 2: Introduction to Qualitative Chemistry 28
Module 2: Introduction to Qualitative Chemistry 29
Module 2: Introduction to Qualitative Chemistry 30
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Module 2: Introduction to Qualitative Chemistry 31
Module 2: Introduction to Qualitative Chemistry 32
Module 2: Introduction to Qualitative Chemistry 33
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Module 2: Introduction to Qualitative Chemistry 34
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Module 2: Introduction to Qualitative Chemistry 35
Module 2: Introduction to Qualitative Chemistry 36
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Module 2: Introduction to Qualitative Chemistry 40
Concentration & molarity
Inquiry question: How are chemicals in solutions measured?
● conduct
practical
investigations
to
determine
the
concentrations
of
solutions
and
investigate
the
different
ways
in
which
concentrations
are
measured
(ACSCH046,
ACSCH063)
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Module 2: Introduction to Qualitative Chemistry 41
FHI: Comparing Solutions
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Module 2: Introduction to Qualitative Chemistry 42
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Module 2: Introduction to Qualitative Chemistry 47
Use the textbook information to fill in the tables below
Answer the questions:
Are you able to arrange the cups in order of the percentage of vinegar in the cup?
What are the products of the reaction between backing soda and vinegar?
Can you think of products that you use at home for which the “concentration” of the solution
can vary?
Can you think of any other way of comparing the concentration of vinegar in the cups?
Other ways of measuring concentration
-‐1
mL
-‐1
gL
ppm
-‐1
mgL
ppb
%w/w
%v/v
Module 2: Introduction to Qualitative Chemistry 48
● manipulate variables and solve problems to calculate concentration, mass or volume using:
'
– 𝑐 = (molarity formula) (ACSCH063)
(
– dilutions (number of moles before dilution = number of moles of sample after dilution)
Concentration
What
is
the
concentration
of
the
following
in
mL-‐1?
20
grams
of
NaOH
is
dissolved
in
enough
water
to
make
1
litre
of
solution.
45
grams
of
glucose,
C6H12O6
is
dissolved
in
enough
water
to
make
500ml
of
solution.
280
grams
of
CaO
is
dissolved
in
enough
water
to
make
10
L
of
solution.
116
grams
of
KF
is
dissolved
in
enough
water
to
make
4
L
of
solution.
Online tutorial help
https://www.thoughtco.com/calculating-‐concentration-‐of-‐a-‐
chemical-‐solution-‐609194
Module 2: Introduction to Qualitative Chemistry 49
Module 2: Introduction to Qualitative Chemistry 50
Module 2: Introduction to Qualitative Chemistry 51
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Module 2: Introduction to Qualitative Chemistry 52
Module 2: Introduction to Qualitative Chemistry 53
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Module 2: Introduction to Qualitative Chemistry 55
● conduct an investigation to m a standard solution and perform a dilution
Module 2: Introduction to Qualitative Chemistry 56
Module 2: Introduction to Qualitative Chemistry 57
Module 2: Introduction to Qualitative Chemistry 58
Module 2: Introduction to Qualitative Chemistry 59
Module 2: Introduction to Qualitative Chemistry 60
Module 2: Introduction to Qualitative Chemistry 61
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Module 2: Introduction to Qualitative Chemistry 62
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Module 2: Introduction to Qualitative Chemistry 63
Module 2: Introduction to Qualitative Chemistry 64
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Module 2: Introduction to Qualitative Chemistry 65
Module 2: Introduction to Qualitative Chemistry 66
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Module 2: Introduction to Qualitative Chemistry 67
Gas Laws
Inquiry question: How does the Ideal Gas Law relate to all other Gas Laws?
● conduct
investigations
and
solve
problems
to
determine
the
relationship
between
the
Ideal
Gas
Law
and:
– Gay-‐Lussac’s
Law
(temperature)
– Boyle’s
Law
– Charles’
Law
– Avogadro’s
Law
(ACSCH060)
Module 2: Introduction to Qualitative Chemistry 68
Name ________________________________________________ Period __________
Crash Course in Chemistry #12
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BxUS1K7xu30
Gas. It is all around you! When they are behaving themselves, they are EASY to describe. The bad
news is they almost never _________________________________________________________.
In each box, below, write as much as you can about each topic.
LAW LAW
What equation does Hank say “We must never forget”? (Answer in box, below!)
P is Write cool things here about this law
V is
n is
R is
T is
What is STP (words)? What is STP (value)?
______L
is the temperature at which all motion stops. It is:
Questions raised by the video you would like answered:
Crash Course 12 AA31 Labs
Module 2: Introduction to Qualitative Chemistry 69
Module 2: Introduction to Qualitative Chemistry 70
Module 2: Introduction to Qualitative Chemistry 71
Module 2: Introduction to Qualitative Chemistry 72
Module 2: Introduction to Qualitative Chemistry 73
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Module 2: Introduction to Qualitative Chemistry 74
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Module 2: Introduction to Qualitative Chemistry 75
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Module 2: Introduction to Qualitative Chemistry 76
Module 2: Introduction to Qualitative Chemistry 77
Module 2: Introduction to Qualitative Chemistry 78
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Module 2: Introduction to Qualitative Chemistry 79
Module 2: Introduction to Qualitative Chemistry 80
Module 2: Introduction to Qualitative Chemistry 81
Module 2: Introduction to Qualitative Chemistry 82
Module 2: Introduction to Qualitative Chemistry 83
Module 2: Introduction to Qualitative Chemistry 84
Module 2: Introduction to Qualitative Chemistry 85
Module 2: Introduction to Qualitative Chemistry 86
Module 2: Introduction to Qualitative Chemistry 87
Module 2: Introduction to Qualitative Chemistry 88
Module 2: Introduction to Qualitative Chemistry 89
Module 2: Introduction to Qualitative Chemistry 90
Glossary
Word
Definition
Module 2: Introduction to Qualitative Chemistry 91
Word Definition
Module 2: Introduction to Qualitative Chemistry 92
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