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Computer_Science_Basics_Notes_1 (1)

The document provides an introduction to computer science and programming basics, covering key concepts such as the role of the CPU and storage, the distinction between frontend and backend development, and the importance of system design. It also discusses problem-solving in programming, the differences between Java and Python, and essential software concepts like encapsulation, cohesion, and coupling. Overall, it emphasizes the significance of writing readable code and understanding how programming languages work.

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jaypatil1218
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4 views

Computer_Science_Basics_Notes_1 (1)

The document provides an introduction to computer science and programming basics, covering key concepts such as the role of the CPU and storage, the distinction between frontend and backend development, and the importance of system design. It also discusses problem-solving in programming, the differences between Java and Python, and essential software concepts like encapsulation, cohesion, and coupling. Overall, it emphasizes the significance of writing readable code and understanding how programming languages work.

Uploaded by

jaypatil1218
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to Computer Science & Programming Basics

1. What is Computer Science?

Computer Science is the study of computers-how they work, how we can make them do tasks, and how we

can solve problems using them.

We use programming to tell computers what to do, just like giving instructions.

2. CPU & Storage - The Brain and Memory of a Computer

CPU (Central Processing Unit): The brain of the computer. It processes instructions and does calculations.

Storage (Hard Disk / SSD): Like a computer's memory. It stores data and programs even when the computer

is off.

When we develop software, we try to use these two wisely:

- Make things fast (less delay)

- Make things easy to use (good user experience)

- Save memory and power

3. Frontend, Backend, and Database

Frontend: What users see (website/app screen)

Technologies: HTML, CSS, JavaScript, React

Backend: The engine behind the scenes that handles logic and processes

Technologies: Java, Python, Node.js

Database: Where all the data is stored (like usernames, orders)

Technologies: MySQL, PostgreSQL, MongoDB

4. System Design is More Important Than Just Coding

Good design = Easy to understand, flexible, and fast system.

Before writing code, always think about:

- What the system needs to do

- How the pieces will talk to each other

Contact: [email protected]
Introduction to Computer Science & Programming Basics

- What will happen if the system grows (scalability)

5. Problem Solving is Key

Programming is not just about writing code. It's about solving problems:

- Understand the problem

- Break it down into smaller parts

- Think of different ways to solve it

- Pick the best one and implement

6. How Programming Languages Work

You write code in a high-level language (like Java or Python)

It is converted into Assembly Language (closer to machine understanding)

Then it becomes Machine Language (Binary - 0s and 1s) which the CPU can understand

7. Writing Readable Code

Readable code is:

- Clean

- Well-named variables and functions

- Easy to understand by others

Why? Because software is built by teams and lasts for years.

8. Java vs Python (Difference)

Java:

- Strict and detailed syntax

- Faster in many cases

- Used for big applications

- Longer code

Python:

- Simple and easy syntax

Contact: [email protected]
Introduction to Computer Science & Programming Basics

- Slower but improving

- Used for data science, automation

- Shorter code

9. Packages, Cohesion, and Encapsulation

Package: A way to group related code together

Cohesion: All the code in a module should be closely related in purpose

Encapsulation: Hiding the internal details and showing only what's needed

Example: A car - you don-t see the engine inside; you just drive it.

10. Java Program Structure Example

public class HelloWorld {

public static void main(String[] args) {

System.out.println("Hello, World!");

11. JDK, JRE, JVM

JDK (Java Development Kit): Tools for writing Java programs

JRE (Java Runtime Environment): Needed to run Java programs

JVM (Java Virtual Machine): Actually runs the Java bytecode

12. Coupling - How Parts Connect

Coupling: How much two parts of a system depend on each other

Loose Coupling: Better. Each part can work independently

How we do that:

- OS (Operating System): Helps manage resources without tight connection

- API (Application Programming Interface): Like a waiter in a restaurant - it connects the user and the kitchen

(system), but they don't need to know each other directly.

Contact: [email protected]
Introduction to Computer Science & Programming Basics

Summary

You-ve learned about:

- Core computer parts: CPU, storage

- How programs are structured

- Frontend, backend, and databases

- Importance of system design

- Basics of programming and writing good code

- Java vs Python

- Key software concepts: encapsulation, cohesion, coupling

Contact: [email protected]

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