Introduction to Computer Science & Programming Basics
1. What is Computer Science?
Computer Science is the study of computers-how they work, how we can make them do tasks, and how we
can solve problems using them.
We use programming to tell computers what to do, just like giving instructions.
2. CPU & Storage - The Brain and Memory of a Computer
CPU (Central Processing Unit): The brain of the computer. It processes instructions and does calculations.
Storage (Hard Disk / SSD): Like a computer's memory. It stores data and programs even when the computer
is off.
When we develop software, we try to use these two wisely:
- Make things fast (less delay)
- Make things easy to use (good user experience)
- Save memory and power
3. Frontend, Backend, and Database
Frontend: What users see (website/app screen)
Technologies: HTML, CSS, JavaScript, React
Backend: The engine behind the scenes that handles logic and processes
Technologies: Java, Python, Node.js
Database: Where all the data is stored (like usernames, orders)
Technologies: MySQL, PostgreSQL, MongoDB
4. System Design is More Important Than Just Coding
Good design = Easy to understand, flexible, and fast system.
Before writing code, always think about:
- What the system needs to do
- How the pieces will talk to each other
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Introduction to Computer Science & Programming Basics
- What will happen if the system grows (scalability)
5. Problem Solving is Key
Programming is not just about writing code. It's about solving problems:
- Understand the problem
- Break it down into smaller parts
- Think of different ways to solve it
- Pick the best one and implement
6. How Programming Languages Work
You write code in a high-level language (like Java or Python)
It is converted into Assembly Language (closer to machine understanding)
Then it becomes Machine Language (Binary - 0s and 1s) which the CPU can understand
7. Writing Readable Code
Readable code is:
- Clean
- Well-named variables and functions
- Easy to understand by others
Why? Because software is built by teams and lasts for years.
8. Java vs Python (Difference)
Java:
- Strict and detailed syntax
- Faster in many cases
- Used for big applications
- Longer code
Python:
- Simple and easy syntax
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Introduction to Computer Science & Programming Basics
- Slower but improving
- Used for data science, automation
- Shorter code
9. Packages, Cohesion, and Encapsulation
Package: A way to group related code together
Cohesion: All the code in a module should be closely related in purpose
Encapsulation: Hiding the internal details and showing only what's needed
Example: A car - you don-t see the engine inside; you just drive it.
10. Java Program Structure Example
public class HelloWorld {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("Hello, World!");
11. JDK, JRE, JVM
JDK (Java Development Kit): Tools for writing Java programs
JRE (Java Runtime Environment): Needed to run Java programs
JVM (Java Virtual Machine): Actually runs the Java bytecode
12. Coupling - How Parts Connect
Coupling: How much two parts of a system depend on each other
Loose Coupling: Better. Each part can work independently
How we do that:
- OS (Operating System): Helps manage resources without tight connection
- API (Application Programming Interface): Like a waiter in a restaurant - it connects the user and the kitchen
(system), but they don't need to know each other directly.
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Introduction to Computer Science & Programming Basics
Summary
You-ve learned about:
- Core computer parts: CPU, storage
- How programs are structured
- Frontend, backend, and databases
- Importance of system design
- Basics of programming and writing good code
- Java vs Python
- Key software concepts: encapsulation, cohesion, coupling
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