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Output Devices - PPT

Chapter 3 discusses various output devices, including actuators, light projectors, and printers. Actuators enable movement in machines by converting energy into mechanical force, while light projectors like LCD and DLP use different technologies to display images. Inkjet printers operate by spraying tiny droplets of ink onto paper, utilizing thermal bubble or piezoelectric methods to create images and text.

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13 views26 pages

Output Devices - PPT

Chapter 3 discusses various output devices, including actuators, light projectors, and printers. Actuators enable movement in machines by converting energy into mechanical force, while light projectors like LCD and DLP use different technologies to display images. Inkjet printers operate by spraying tiny droplets of ink onto paper, utilizing thermal bubble or piezoelectric methods to create images and text.

Uploaded by

chaitragholkar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHAPTER 3- OUTPUT DEVICES

OUTPUT DEVICES
• ACTUATORS

• LIGHT PROJECTORS

• PRINTERS

• LED AND LCD SCREENS

• SPEAKERS
ACTUATORS
• Actuator is the component in any machine that
enables movement.

• It is a part of a device or machine that helps it to


achieve physical movements by converting
energy, often electrical into mechanical force.
ACTUATORS
Actions it performs…
• Start / Stop the conveyor belt
• Open / Close the valve.

Examples…
Relay
Solenoid
Motor
ACTUATORS
• SOLENOID
• A solenoid is a long piece of wire that is wound in the shape of a
helical coil.
• When an electrical current signal passes through the linear solenoid
coil it creates relatively uniform magnetic field lines inside the
solenoid coil.
solenoid
• When an electrical current flows through a metal wire, it produces a
uniform magnetic field, a ferromagnetic core and mechanical energy.
• The charged particles within that field of magnetic materials move in
circles around the outside of said wire.
• Solenoid wires come wrapped around a metal rod.
• When the solenoid wire receives an electric current, this piece of
metal will become attracted to — and get pulled toward — one end
of the solenoid.
• But the effect of this immediate action on the solenoid is temporary.
• Cut off the electrical current the solenoid created, and you kill the
magnetic field.
• Then, thanks to spring-loading, your unit should revert back to its
original position.
LIGHT PROJECTORS

•Digital Light Projectors (DLP)


•Liquid Crystal Display Projector (LCD)
Liquid Crystal display (LCD) projector
• These are older technology Projectors.
• A powerful beam of white light is generated from a bulb or LED inside
the projector body.
• This beam of light is then sent to a group of chromatic-coated mirrors
(known as dichromic mirrors);
• These reflect the light back at different wavelengths.
Chromatic and Dichromatic Mirror
• When the white light hits these mirrors, the reflected light has
wavelengths corresponding to red, green and blue light components.
• These three different colored light components pass through three
LCD screens.
• Each screen is composed of thousands of tiny pixels which can either
block light or let it through;
• This produces a Monochromatic image.
• Consequently, three different versions of the same image are now
produced –
• one is the whole image in different shades of red,
• one is the whole image in different shades of green,
• and one is the whole image in different shades of blue
• These images are then re-combined using a special prism to produce
a full colour image.
• Finally, the image passes through the projector lens onto a screen.
Digital Light Projectors (DLP)

• In a DLP display…
• tiny mirrors are used.
• Each mirror represents one pixel.
• The light is reflected from it.
• The mirrors move back and forth, varying the amount of light that
reaches the projection lens from each pixel.
DMD chip
• The DMD chip is a
• micro-opto-electro-mechanical system (MOEMS).
• that contains several thousand microscopic mirrors (made out of
polished aluminium metal) arranged on the chip surface.
• They are each about 16µm (16 × 10-6metres) in size and each
corresponds to a pixel in the displayed screen image.
DLP Projectors
• The number of micro mirrors and the way they are arranged on the
DMD chip determines the resolution of the digital image.
• When the micro mirrors tilt towards the light source, they are ON.
• When the micro mirrors tilt away from the light source, they are OFF.
Greyscale image
• The micro mirrors can switch on or off several thousand times a
second creating various grey shades –
• typically 1024 grey shades can be produced
• (for example, if the mirror switches on more often than it switches
off, it will produce a lighter shade of grey).
• This is known as a greyscale image.
Advantages and Disadvantages
Inkjet Printers
• Inkjet printers Inkjet printers are essentially made up of:
• » a print head, which consists of nozzles that spray droplets of ink onto the
paper to form characters
• » an ink cartridge or cartridges;
• either one cartridge for each colour (blue, yellow and magenta) and a black
cartridge or one single cartridge containing all three colours + black (Note:
some systems use six colours)
• » a stepper motor and belt, which moves the print head assembly across
the page from side to side
• » a paper feed, which automatically feeds the printer with pages as they
are required.
PRINTERS – Inkjet Printers
As each sheet of paper is pulled through
an inkjet printer, the printing arm moves
across it at great speed.

As the arm moves, tiny droplets of ink are shot onto the paper, which
together make up the text or image that is being printed.

The dots are so small that, to the naked eye, the ink on a page that's
come out of an inkjet printer appears to be solid colours.
cartridges
PRINTERS – Inkjet Printers
• As the paper comes out of the printer,
• It's pulled through two heated rollers,
• which rapidly dry the ink to prevent the finished result from
smudging,
• or staining the hands of the user who retrieves the page.
• This is why pages are hot to the touch when they're first printed.
The Ink Droplets are produced using two
different technologies:
Thermal bubble –
Tiny resistors create localised heat which makes the ink
vaporise.
This causes the ink to form a tiny bubble;
as the bubble expands, some of the ink is ejected from
the print head onto the paper.
When the bubble collapses, a small vacuum is created
which allows fresh ink to be drawn into the print head.
This continues until the printing cycle is completed.
The Ink Droplets are produced using two
different technologies:

Piezoelectric –
A crystal is located at the back of the ink reservoir
for each nozzle.
The crystal is given a tiny electric charge which
makes it vibrate.
This vibration forces ink to be ejected onto the
paper;
at the same time more ink is drawn in for further

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