INTERNATIONAL ISO

STANDARD 50006

First edition
2014-12-15

Energy management systems —

Measuring energy performance using
energy baselines (EnB) and energy
performance indicators (EnPI) —
General principles and guidance
Systèmes de management de l’énergie — Mesurage de la performance
iTeh STANDARD
énergétique à l’aidePREVIEW
des performances énergétiques de référence
(PER) et d’indicateurs de performance énergétique (IPÉ) — Principes
(standards.iteh.ai)
généraux et lignes directrices

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Reference number
ISO 50006:2014(E)

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Contents Page

Foreword......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... iv
Introduction...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................v
1 Scope.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1
2 Normative references....................................................................................................................................................................................... 1
3 Terms and definitions...................................................................................................................................................................................... 1
4 Measurement of energy performance............................................................................................................................................. 4
4.1 General overview................................................................................................................................................................................... 4
4.2 Obtaining relevant energy performance information from the energy review............................... 7
4.3 Identifying energy performance indicators................................................................................................................. 12
4.4 Establishing energy baselines.................................................................................................................................................. 15
4.5 Using energy performance indicators and energy baselines........................................................................ 16
4.6 Maintaining and adjusting energy performance indicators and energy baselines.................... 17
Annex A (informative) Information generated through the energy review to identify EnPIs and
establish EnBs.......................................................................................................................................................................................................18
Annex B (informative) EnPI boundaries in an example production process...........................................................19
Annex C (informative) Further guidance on energy performance indicators and
energy baselines.................................................................................................................................................................................................21
Annex D (informative) Normalizing energy baselines using relevant variables..................................................24
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Annex E (informative) Monitoring and reporting on energy performance...............................................................28
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Bibliography.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 33
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ISO 50006:2014(E)


Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity
assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers
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to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information
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The committee responsible for this document is Technical Committee ISO/TC 242, Energy management.
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Introduction
This International Standard provides organizations with practical guidance on how to meet the
requirements of ISO 50001 related to the establishment, use and maintenance of energy performance
indicators (EnPIs) and energy baselines (EnBs) in measuring energy performance and energy performance
changes. EnPIs and EnBs are two key interrelated elements of ISO 50001 that enable the measurement,
and therefore management of energy performance in an organization. Energy performance is a broad
concept which is related to energy consumption, energy use and energy efficiency.
In order to effectively manage the energy performance of their facilities, systems, processes and
equipment, organizations need to know how energy is used and how much is consumed over time. An
EnPI is a value or measure that quantifies results related to energy efficiency, use and consumption
in facilities, systems, processes and equipment. Organizations use EnPIs as a measure of their energy
performance.
The EnB is a reference that characterizes and quantifies an organization’s energy performance during
a specified time period. The EnB enables an organization to assess changes in energy performance
between selected periods. The EnB is also used for calculation of energy savings, as a reference before
and after implementation of energy performance improvement actions.
Organizations define targets for energy performance as part of the energy planning process in
their energy management systems (EnMS). The organization needs to consider the specific energy
performance targets while identifying and designing EnPIs and EnBs. The relationship between energy
performance, EnPIs, EnBs and energy targets is illustrated in Figure 1.
iTeh STANDARD PREVIEW
(standards.iteh.ai) EnB (energy baseline)
Improvement
(energy performance indicator)

( EnPI improvement )
Energy Performance ISO 50006:2014
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Target
- Energy consumption
8ce622871a43/iso-50006-2014
Reference EnPI value

(energy target)
Current EnPI value

- Energy use Target

EnPI

Achieved !
(baseline period)

(reporting period)

- Energy efficiency

Figure 1 — Relationship between energy performance, EnPIs, EnBs and energy targets

This International Standard includes practical help boxes designed to provide the user with ideas,
examples and strategies for measuring energy performance using EnPIs and EnBs.
The concepts and methods in this International Standard can also be used by organizations that do not
have an existing EnMS. For example, EnPIs and EnBs can also be used at the facility, system, process or
equipment level, or for the evaluation of individual energy performance improvement actions.
Ongoing commitment and engagement by top management is essential to the effective implementation,
maintenance and improvement of the EnMS in order to achieve the benefits in energy performance
improvement. Top management demonstrates its commitment through leadership actions and active
involvement in the EnMS, ensuring ongoing allocation of resources including people to implement and
sustain the EnMS over time.

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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 50006:2014(E)

Energy management systems — Measuring energy

performance using energy baselines (EnB) and energy
performance indicators (EnPI) — General principles and
guidance

1 Scope
This International Standard provides guidance to organizations on how to establish, use and maintain
energy performance indicators (EnPIs) and energy baselines (EnBs) as part of the process of measuring
energy performance.
The guidance in this International Standard is applicable to any organization, regardless of its size, type,
location or level of maturity in the field of energy management.

2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
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references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

(standards.iteh.ai)
ISO 50001:2011, Energy management systems — Requirements with guidance for use

3 Terms and definitions ISO 50006:2014

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terms and definitions given in ISO 50001 and the following apply.
3.1
adjustment
process of modifying the energy baseline in order to enable energy performance comparison under
equivalent conditions between the reporting period and the baseline period
Note 1 to entry: ISO 50001 requires adjustments to the EnB when EnPIs no longer reflect organizational energy
use and consumption, or when there have been major changes to the process, operational patterns, or energy
systems, or according to a predetermined method.

Note 2 to entry: Typically adjustments are made to account for changes in static factors.

Note 3 to entry: Predetermined methods typically reset the EnB at defined intervals.

3.2
baseline period
defined period of time used to compare energy performance with the reporting period
3.3
boundaries
physical or site limits and/or organizational limits as defined by the organization
EXAMPLE A process; a group of processes; a site; an entire organization; multiple sites under the control of
an organization.

[SOURCE: ISO 50001:2011, 3.1]

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3.4
energy
electricity, fuels, steam, heat, compressed air, and other like media
Note 1 to entry: For the purposes of this International Standard, energy refers to the various forms of energy,
including renewable, which can be purchased, stored, treated, used in equipment or in a process, or recovered.

Note 2 to entry: Energy can be defined as the capacity of a system to produce external activity or perform work.

[SOURCE: ISO 50001:2011, 3.5]

3.5
energy baseline
EnB
quantitative reference(s) providing a basis for comparison of energy performance
Note 1 to entry: An energy baseline reflects a specified period of time.

Note 2 to entry: An energy baseline can be normalized using variables which affect energy use and/or consumption,
e.g. production level, degree days (outdoor temperature), etc.

Note 3 to entry: The energy baseline is also used for calculation of energy savings, as a reference before and after
implementation of energy performance improvement actions.

[SOURCE: ISO 50001:2011, 3.6, modified — Abbreviated term has been added.]
3.6
energy consumption iTeh STANDARD PREVIEW
quantity of energy applied
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Note 1 to entry: Energy consumption can be represented in volume and mass flow or weight units (fuel) or
converted into units that are multiples of joules or watt-hours (e.g. GJ, kWh).
ISO 50006:2014
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Note 2 to entry: Energy consumption is typically measured using permanent or temporary meters. The values can
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be measured directly or can be calculated over a specific period of time.

[SOURCE: ISO 50001:2011, 3.7, modified —Notes 1 and 2 to entry have been added.]
3.7
energy efficiency
ratio or other quantitative relationship between an output of performance, service, goods or energy, and
an input of energy
EXAMPLE Conversion efficiency; energy required/energy used; output/input; theoretical energy used to
operate/energy used to operate.

Note 1 to entry: Both input and output need to be clearly specified in quantity and quality, and be measurable.

[SOURCE: ISO 50001:2011, 3.8]

3.8
energy performance
measurable results related to energy efficiency, energy use and energy consumption
Note 1 to entry: In the context of energy management systems, results can be measured against the organization’s
energy policy, objectives, targets and other energy performance requirements.

Note 2 to entry: Energy performance is one component of the performance of the energy management system.

[SOURCE: ISO 50001:2011, 3.12]

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3.9
energy performance indicator
EnPI
quantitative value or measure of energy performance, as defined by the organization
Note 1 to entry: EnPIs could be expressed as a simple metric, ratio or a more complex model.

[SOURCE: ISO 50001:2011, 3.13]

3.10
energy target
detailed and quantifiable energy performance requirement, applicable to the organization or parts
thereof, that arises from the energy objectives and that needs to be set and met in order to achieve this
objective
[SOURCE: ISO 50001:2011, 3.17]
3.11
energy use
manner or kind of application of energy
EXAMPLE Ventilation; lighting; heating; cooling; transportation; processes; production lines.

[SOURCE: ISO 50001:2011, 3.18]

3.12
facility iTeh STANDARD PREVIEW
single installation, set of installation or production processes (stationary or mobile), which can be
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defined within a single geographical boundary, organization unit or production process
[SOURCE: ISO 14064‑3:2006, 2.22]
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normalization 8ce622871a43/iso-50006-2014
process of routinely modifying energy data in order to account for changes in relevant variables to
compare energy performance under equivalent conditions
Note 1 to entry: EnPIs and corresponding EnBs can be normalized.

3.14
relevant variable
quantifiable factor that impacts energy performance and routinely changes
EXAMPLE Production parameters (production, volume, production rate); weather conditions (outdoor
temperature, degree days); operating hours; operating parameters (operational temperature, light level).

3.15
reporting period
defined period of time selected for calculation and reporting of energy performance
EXAMPLE The period for which an organization wants to assess changes in EnPIs relative to the EnB period.

3.16
significant energy use
SEU
energy use accounting for substantial energy consumption and/or offering considerable potential for
energy performance improvement
Note 1 to entry: Significance criteria are determined by the organization.

[SOURCE: ISO 50001:2011, 3.27, modified — Abbreviated term has been added.]

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3.17
static factor
identified factor that impacts energy performance and does not routinely change
EXAMPLE 1 Facility size; design of installed equipment; the number of weekly production shifts; the number
or type of occupants (e.g. office workers); range of products.

EXAMPLE 2 A change of a static factor could be a change in a manufacturing process raw material, from
aluminium to plastic.

[SOURCE: ISO 50015:2014, 3.22, modified — Examples have been modified.]

4 Measurement of energy performance

4.1 General overview

4.1.1 General

In order to effectively measure and quantify its energy performance, an organization establishes EnPIs
and EnBs. EnPIs are used to quantify the energy performance of the whole organization or its various
parts. EnBs are quantitative references used to compare EnPI values over time and to quantify changes
in energy performance.
Energy performance results can be expressed in units of consumption (e.g. GJ, kWh), specific energy
consumption (SEC) (e.g. kWh/unit), peak power (e.g. kW), percent change in efficiency or dimensionless
iTeh STANDARD PREVIEW
ratios, etc. The general relationship between energy performance, EnPIs, EnBs and energy targets is
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illustrated in Figure 1 in the introduction.
Energy performance can be affected by a number of relevant variables and static factors. These can be
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linked to changing business conditions such as market demand, sales and profitability.
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An overview of the process to develop, use and update EnPIs and EnBs is illustrated in Figure 2
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and described in detail in 4.2 to 4.6. This process helps the organization to continually improve the
measurement of its energy performance.

4.1.2 Energy consumption

Quantifying energy consumption is essential for measuring energy performance and energy performance
improvements.
When multiple forms of energy are used, it is useful to convert all forms to a common unit of measure of
energy. Care should be taken to perform the conversion in a manner that appropriately represents total
energy consumed including losses in the energy conversion process.

4.1.3 Energy use

Identifying energy uses such as energy systems (e.g. compressed air, steam, chilled water, etc.), processes
and equipment helps to categorize energy consumption and to focus energy performance on uses that
are important to an organization.

4.1.4 Energy efficiency

Energy efficiency is a frequently used metric for measuring energy performance and may be used as an
EnPI.
Energy efficiency can be expressed in a number of ways, such as energy output/energy input (conversion
efficiency); energy required/energy consumed (where energy required may be derived from a theoretical

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model or some other relationship); production output/energy input (for example the tons of production
per unit energy consumed).
NOTE Energy input/production output is sometimes used as an EnPI and is referred to as energy intensity.

Obtaining relevant energy performance information from the

energy review
- Defining the energy performance indicators boundaries
- Defining and quantifying the energy flows
- Defining and quantifying relevant variables
- Defining and quantifying static factors
- Gathering data

Identifying energy performance indicators

- Identifying users of energy performance indicators
Continual Improvement

- Determining the specific energy performance characteristics to be

quantified

Establishing energy baselines

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Determining a suitablePREVIEW
- baseline period
- Determining and testing energy baselines
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Using energy performance indicators and energy baselines
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- Determining when normalization is needed
- Calculating energy performance improvements
- Communicating changes in energy performance

Maintaining and adjusting energy performance indicators and

energy baselines

Figure 2 — Overview of energy performance measurement

4.1.5 Energy performance indicators (EnPIs)

EnPIs should provide relevant energy performance information to enable various users within an
organization to understand its energy performance and take actions to improve it.
The EnPIs can be applied at facility, system, process or equipment levels to provide various levels of
focus.
An organization should set an energy target and an energy baseline for each EnPI.

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4.1.6 Energy baselines (EnBs)

An organization should compare energy performance changes between the baseline period and the
reporting period. The EnB is simply used to determine the EnPI values for the baseline period. The type
of information needed to establish an energy baseline is determined by the specific purpose of the EnPI.

4.1.7 Quantifying energy performance

Energy performance changes can be calculated using EnPIs and EnBs for facilities, systems, processes
or equipment.
Comparing energy performance between the baseline period and the reporting period involves
calculating the difference in the value of the EnPI between the two periods. Figure 3 illustrates the simple
case where direct measurement of energy consumption is used as the EnPI and energy performance is
compared between the baseline period and the reporting period.
In cases where the organization has determined that relevant variables such as weather, production,
building operating hours etc. affect energy performance, the organization should normalize the EnPI
and its corresponding EnB to compare energy performance under equivalent conditions.

EnB (energy baseline)

Improvement
(energy performance indicator)

( EnPI improvement )

Target
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Reference EnPI value

(energy target)
(standards.iteh.ai)
Current EnPI value

Target
EnPI

ISO 50006:2014 Achieved !

(baseline period)

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(reporting period)

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Energy consumption

Total energy consumption of each period

Baseline period Reporting period time

Figure 3 — Concept of baseline period and reporting period for an EnPI

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4.2 Obtaining relevant energy performance information from the energy review

4.2.1 General

The energy review provides useful energy performance information for developing EnPIs and EnBs.
Annex A illustrates the relationship between the energy review and information needed to identify EnPIs
and establish EnBs. The establishment of appropriate EnPIs and corresponding EnBs requires access to
available organizational energy data, analysis of the data, and processing of energy information.

4.2.2 Defining the energy performance indicator boundaries

The EnMS scope and boundary comprise the area or the activities within which an organization manages
energy performance.
To measure energy performance, suitable measurement boundaries for each EnPI should be defined.
These are termed EnPI boundaries and they may overlap.
NOTE The users of EnPI and their needs are identified first (see 4.3.2), and then the corresponding EnPI
boundary is defined.

When defining an EnPI boundary, consideration should be given to:

— organizational responsibilities in relation with energy management;
— the ease of isolating the EnPI boundary by measuring energy and relevant variables;
— the EnMS boundary;
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— (standards.iteh.ai)
the significant energy use (SEU) or group of SEUs the organization designates as a priority to control
and improve;
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— specific equipment, processes and sub-processes that the organization wishes to isolate and manage.
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The three primary EnPI boundary levels are individual, system and organizational as described in
Table 1.

Table 1 — The three EnPI boundary levels

EnPI boundary levels Description and examples
The EnPI boundary can be defined around the physical perimeter of one facility/equipment/
Individual facility/equipment/process process the organization wants to control and improve
Example: The steam production equipment
The EnPI boundary can be defined around the physical perimeter of a group of facilities/
processes/equipment interacting with each other that the organization wants to control and
System improve
Example: The steam production and the steam use equipment, such as a dryer
The EnPI boundary can be defined around the physical perimeter of facilities/processes/
equipment also taking into account the responsibility in energy management of individuals,
Organizational teams, groups or business units designated by the organization
Example: Steam purchased for a factory/factories, or department of the organization

Supplemental information on EnPI boundaries in the production process can be found in Annex B.

4.2.3 Defining and quantifying energy flows

Once an EnPI boundary is defined, the organization should identify energy flowing across the boundary.
The organization can use a diagram like the one in Figure 4 to determine the energy information required
to establish EnPIs. These fence diagrams or energy maps visually show flow of energy within and across
the EnPI boundary. They can also include additional information, such as metering points and product
flow which are important for energy analysis and establishment of EnPIs.

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