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CCNA 3 v7 Modules 1 – 2: OSPF Concepts and Configuration

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 Dec 22, 2019 |  Last Updated: Jul 13, 2022 |  CCNA v7 Course #3 |  61 Comments

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Enterprise Networking, Security, and Automation ( Version 7.00) –
Modules 1 – 2: OSPF Concepts and Configuration Exam System Test Exam

1. What is a function of OSPF hello packets? Modules 1 - 3: Basic Network

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[PT Skills] Practice PT Skills
to send specifically requested link-state records
Assessment (PTSA)
to discover neighbors and build adjacencies between them
to ensure database synchronization between routers [Final Skills] ITN Final Skills Exam
to request specific link-state records from neighbor routers (PTSA)
2. Which OPSF packet contains the different types of link-state advertisements?
ITNv7 Practice Final Exam
hello
CCNA 1 v7 FINAL Exam Answers
DBD
LSR
LSU
LSAck
3. Which three statements describe features of the OSPF topology table? (Choose three.)
61

x
It is a link-state database that represents the network topology.
Its contents are the result of running the SPF algorithm.
When converged, all routers in an area have identical topology tables.
The topology table contains feasible successor routes.
 The table can be viewed via the show ip ospf database command.
After convergence, the table only contains the lowest cost route entries for all known
networks.

Explanation: The topology table on an OSPF router is a link-state database (LSDB) that
lists information about all other routers in the network, and represents the network topology.
All routers within an area have identical link-state databases, and the table can be viewed
using the show ip ospf database command. The EIGRP topology table contains feasible
successor routes. This concept is not used by OSPF. The SPF algorithm uses the LSDB to
produce the unique routing table for each router which contains the lowest cost route entries
for known networks.

4. What does an OSPF area contain?

routers that share the same router ID

routers whose SPF trees are identical
routers that have the same link-state information in their LSDBs
routers that share the same process ID

Explanation: An OSPF area contains one set of link-state information, although each router
within the area will process that information individually to form its own SPF tree. OSPF
process IDs are locally significant and are created by the administrator. Router IDs uniquely
identify each router.

5. What is used to facilitate hierarchical routing in OSPF?

the use of multiple areas

frequent SPF calculations
autosummarization
the election of designated routers

Explanation: OSPF supports the concept of areas to prevent larger routing tables,
excessive SPF calculations, and large LSDBs. Only routers within an area share link-state
information. This allows OSPF to scale in a hierarchical fashion with all areas that connect to
a backbone area.
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6. Which OSPF data structure is identical on all OSPF routers that share the same area?
14.7.2 Module Quiz – Network Automation
forwarding database (Answers)
link-state database
adjacency database CCNA 3 v7.0 Curriculum: Module 2 – Single-
routing table Area OSPFv2 Configuration

CCNA 3 v7.0 Curriculum: Module 12 – Network

Explanation: Regardless of which OSPF area a router resides in, the adjacency database, Troubleshooting
routing table, and forwarding database are unique for each router. The link-state database
3.8.8 Lab – Explore DNS Traffic (Answers)
lists information about all other routers within an area and is identical across all OSPF
routers participating in that area. 13.6.1 Lab – Install Linux in a Virtual Machine
and Explore the GUI (Answers)

7. Which step does an OSPF-enabled router take immediately after establishing an 1.4.2 Module Quiz – Single-Area OSPFv2
adjacency with another router? Concepts (Answers)

2.7.3 Packet Tracer – OSPF Multiarea

Exploration – Physical Mode (Part 2) Answers

CCNA (200-301) Certification Practice Exam

Answers (ENSA v7.0)
61 builds the topology table 7.5.11 Lab – Research Broadband Internet
exchanges link-state advertisements Access Technologies (Answers)
chooses the best path
executes the SPF algorithm
Recent Comments
x
Explanation: The OSPF operation steps are as follows: help on ITN (Version 7.00) Final PT Skills
Assessment (PTSA) Exam Answers
1. Establish neighbor adjacencies
2. Exchange link-state advertisements
 3. Build the topology table habtamu on 1.6.2 Lab – Configure Basic Router
4. Execute the SPF algorithm Settings (Answers)
5. Choose the best route
Humberto Santos on IT Essentials (ITE v6.0 +
v7.0) Chapter 3 Test Online

8. A network engineer has manually configured the hello interval to 15 seconds on an IT Administrator on ITN (Version 7.00) Final PT
interface of a router that is running OSPFv2. By default, how will the dead interval on the Skills Assessment (PTSA) Exam Answers
interface be affected?
Help on ITN (Version 7.00) Final PT Skills
The dead interval will not change from the default value. Assessment (PTSA) Exam Answers
The dead interval will now be 30 seconds.
The dead interval will now be 60 seconds.
The dead interval will now be 15 seconds.

Explanation: Cisco IOS automatically modifies the dead interval to four times the hello
interval.

9. Refer to the exhibit. A network administrator has configured the OSPF timers to the
values that are shown in the graphic. What is the result of having those manually
configured timers?

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R1 automatically adjusts its own timers to match the R2 timers.

The R1 dead timer expires between hello packets from R2.
The hello timer on R2 expires every ten seconds.
The neighbor adjacency has formed.

Explanation: The dead timer (20 seconds) on R1 expires before the next hello packet from
R2 (25 seconds).

10. To establish a neighbor adjacency two OSPF routers will exchange hello packets.
Which two values in the hello packets must match on both routers? (Choose two.)

dead interval
router priority
list of neighbors
router ID
hello interval

Explanation: The hello and dead interval timers contained in a hello packet must be the
same on neighboring routers in order to form an adjacency.

11. What is the default router priority value for all Cisco OSPF routers?

0
1
10
255

Explanation: The router priority value is used in a DR/BDR election. The default priority for
all OSPF routers is 1 but it can be manually altered to any value 0 to 255.

12. Which type of OSPFv2 packet contains an abbreviated list of the LSDB of a sending
router and is used by receiving routers to check against the local LSDB?

61

x
 database description
link-state update
link-state request
link-state acknowledgment

Explanation: The database description (DBD) packet contains an abbreviated list of the
LSDB sent by a neighboring router and is used by receiving routers to check against the
local LSDB.

13. In an OSPF network when are DR and BDR elections required?

when the two adjacent neighbors are interconnected over a point-to-point link
when all the routers in an OSPF area cannot form adjacencies
when the routers are interconnected over a common Ethernet network
when the two adjacent neighbors are in two different networks

Explanation: When the routers are interconnected over a common Ethernet network, then a
designated router (DR) and a backup DR (BDR) must be elected.

14. When an OSPF network is converged and no network topology change has been
detected by a router, how often will LSU packets be sent to neighboring routers?

every 5 minutes
every 10 minutes
every 30 minutes
every 60 minutes

Explanation: After all LSRs have been satisfied for a given router, the adjacent routers are
considered synchronized and in a full state. Updates (LSUs) are sent to neighbors only
under the following conditions:
when a network topology change is detected (incremental updates)
every 30 minutes

15. What will an OSPF router prefer to use first as a router ID?

a loopback interface that is configured with the highest IP address on the router
any IP address that is configured using the router-id command
the highest active interface IP that is configured on the router
the highest active interface that participates in the routing process because of a specifically
configured network statement

Explanation: The first preference for an OSPF router ID is an explicitly configured 32-bit
address. This address is not included in the routing table and is not defined by the network
command. If a router ID that is configured through the router-id command is not available,
OSPF routers next use the highest IP address available on a loopback interface, as
loopbacks used as router IDs are also not routable addresses. Lacking either of these
alternatives, an OSPF router will use the highest IP address from its active physical
interfaces.

16. What are the two purposes of an OSPF router ID? (Choose two.)

61

to uniquely identify the router within the OSPF domain

to facilitate router participation in the election of the designated router
 to enable the SPF algorithm to determine the lowest cost path to remote networks
to facilitate the establishment of network convergence
to facilitate the transition of the OSPF neighbor state to Full

Explanation: OSPF router ID does not contribute to SPF algorithm calculations, nor does it
facilitate the transition of the OSPF neighbor state to Full. Although the router ID is contained
within OSPF messages when router adjacencies are being established, it has no bearing on
the actual convergence process.

17. Refer to the exhibit. If no router ID was manually configured, what would router
Branch1 use as its OSPF router ID?

10.0.0.1
10.1.0.1
192.168.1.100
209.165.201.1

Explanation: In OSPFv2, a Cisco router uses a three-tier method to derive its router ID. The
first choice is the manually configured router ID with the router-id command. If the router ID
is not manually configured, the router will choose the highest IPv4 address of the configured
loopback interfaces. Finally if no loopback interfaces are configured, the router chooses the
highest active IPv4 address of its physical interfaces.

18. A network technician issues the following commands when configuring a router:

R1(config)# router ospf 11

R1(config-router)# network 10.10.10.0 0.0.0.255 area 0

What does the number 11 represent?

the OSPF process ID on R1

the cost of the link to R1
the autonomous system number to which R1 belongs
the administrative distance that is manually assigned to R1
the area number where R1 is located

Explanation: There is no autonomous system number to configure on OSPF. The area

number is located at the end of the network statement. The cost of a link can be modified in
the interface configuration mode. The process ID is local to the router.

19. An OSPF router has three directly connected networks; 172.16.0.0/16, 172.16.1.0/16,
and 172.16.2.0/16. Which OSPF network command would advertise only the 172.16.1.0
network to neighbors?
61
router(config-router)# network 172.16.1.0 0.0.255.255 area 0
router(config-router)# network 172.16.0.0 0.0.15.255 area 0
router(config-router)# network 172.16.1.0 255.255.255.0 area 0
router(config-router)# network 172.16.1.0 0.0.0.0 area 0 x

Explanation: To advertise only the 172.16.1.0/16 network the wildcard mask used in the
network command must match the first 16-bits exactly. To match bits exactly, a wildcard
 mask uses a binary zero. This means that the first 16-bits of the wildcard mask must be
zero. The low order 16-bits can all be set to 1.

20. Refer to the exhibit. Which three statements describe the results of the OSPF election
process of the topology that is shown in the exhibit? (Choose three.)

R3 will be elected BDR.

The R4 FastEthernet 0/0 priority is 128.
The R4 router ID is 172.16.1.1.
R1 will be elected BDR.
The router ID on R2 is the loopback interface.
R2 will be elected DR.

Explanation: R2 will be elected DR because it has the highest priority of 255, all of the
others have a priority of 1. R3 will be elected BDR because it has the numerically highest
router-ID of 192.168.1.4. The R4 router-ID is 172.16.1.1 because it is the IPv4 address
attached to the loopback 0 interface.

21. Refer to the exhibit. If the switch reboots and all routers have to re-establish OSPF
adjacencies, which routers will become the new DR and BDR?

61
Router R4 will become the DR and router R1 will become the BDR.
Router R2 will become the DR and router R3 will become the BDR.
Router R1 will become the DR and router R2 will become the BDR.
Router R4 will become the DR and router R3 will become the BDR. x

Explanation: OSPF elections of a DR are based on the following in order of precedence:

 highest pritority from 1 -255 (0 = never a DR)
highest router ID
highest IP address of a loopback or active interface in the absence of a manually
configured router ID. Loopback IP addresses take higher precedence than other
interfaces.
In this case routers R4 and R1 have the highest router priority. Between the two, R3 has the
higher router ID. Therefore, R4 will become the DR and R1 will become the BDR.

22. By default, what is the OSPF cost for any link with a bandwidth of 100 Mb/s or greater?

100000000
10000
1
100

Explanation: OSPF uses the formula: Cost = 100,000,000 / bandwidth. Because OSPF will
only use integers as cost, any bandwidth of 100 Mb/s or greater will all equal a cost of 1.

23. Refer to the exhibit. What is the OSPF cost to reach the router A LAN 172.16.1.0/24
from B?

782
74
128
65

Explanation: The formula used to calculate the OSPF cost is as follows:

Cost = reference bandwidth / interface bandwidth
The default reference bandwidth is 10^8 (100,000,000); therefore, the formula is
Cost = 100,000,000 bps / interface bandwidth in bps
Thus the cost to reach the A LAN 172.16.1.0/24 from B is as follows:
Serial link (1544 Kbps) from B to A cost => 100,000,000 / 1,544,000 = 64
Gigabit Ethernet link on A cost => 100,000,000 / 1,000,000,000 = 1
Total cost to reach 172.16.1.0/24 = 64 + 1 = 65

24. Refer to the exhibit. On which router or routers would a default route be statically
configured in a corporate environment that uses single area OSPF as the routing
protocol?
61

x
 R0-A
ISP, R0-A, R0-B, and R0-C
ISP
R0-B and R0-C
ISP and R0-A
R0-A, R0-B, and R0-C

Explanation: The default route is applied to the router that connects to the Internet, or R0-A.
R0-A then distributes that default route using the OSPF routing protocol.

25. What command would be used to determine if a routing protocol-initiated relationship

had been made with an adjacent router?

ping
show ip ospf neighbor
show ip interface brief
show ip protocols

Explanation: While the show ip interface brief and ping commands can be used to
determine if Layer 1, 2, and 3 connectivity exists, neither command can be used to
determine if a particular OSPF or EIGRP-initiated relationship has been made. The show ip
protocols command is useful in determining the routing parameters such as timers, router
ID, and metric information associated with a specific routing protocol. The show ip ospf
neighbor command shows if two adjacent routers have exchanged OSPF messages in
order to form a neighbor relationship.

26. Refer to the exhibit. Which command did an administrator issue to produce this
output?

R1# show ip ospf interface serial0/0/1

R1# show ip route ospf
R1# show ip ospf
R1# show ip ospf neighbor
27. Which command is used to verify that OSPF is enabled and also provides a list of the
61 networks that are being advertised by the network?​

show ip interface brief

show ip ospf interface
show ip protocols x
show ip route ospf
 Explanation: The command show ip ospf interface verifies the active OSPF interfaces.
The command show ip interface brief is used to check that the interfaces are operational.
The command show ip route ospf displays the entries that are learned via OSPF in the
routing table. The command show ip protocols checks that OSPF is enabled and lists the
networks that are advertised.

28. Refer to the exhibit. A network administrator has configured OSPFv2 on the two Cisco
routers but PC1 is unable to connect to PC2. What is the most likely problem?

Interface Fa0/0 has not been activated for OSPFv2 on router R2.
Interface Fa0/0 is configured as a passive-interface on router R2.
Interface S0/0 is configured as a passive-interface on router R2.
Interface s0/0 has not been activated for OSPFv2 on router R2.

Explanation: If a LAN network is not advertised using OSPFv2, a remote network will not be
reachable. The output displays a successful neighbor adjacency between router R1 and R2
on the interface S0/0 of both routers.

29. What is the recommended Cisco best practice for configuring an OSPF-enabled router
so that each router can be easily identified when troubleshooting routing issues?

Configure a value using the router-id command.

Use the highest active interface IP address that is configured on the router.
Use a loopback interface configured with the highest IP address on the router.
Use the highest IP address assigned to an active interface participating in the routing
process.

Explanation: A Cisco router is assigned a router ID to uniquely identify it. It can be

automatically assigned and take the value of the highest configured IP address on any
interface, the value of a specifically-configured loopback address, or the value assigned
(which is in the exact form of an IP address) using the router-id command. Cisco
recommends using the router-id command.

30. Which step in the link-state routing process is described by a router running an
algorithm to determine the best path to each destination?

61

x
 load balancing equal-cost paths
declaring a neighbor to be inaccessible
choosing the best route
executing the SPF algorithm
31. An administrator is configuring single-area OSPF on a router. One of the networks that
must be advertised is 192.168.223.0 255.255.254.0. What wildcard mask would the
administrator use in the OSPF network statement?

0.0.1.255
0.0.7.255
0.0.15.255
0.0.31.255
32. What is the format of the router ID on an OSPF-enabled router?

a unique router host name that is configured on the router

a unique phrase with no more than 16 characters
a 32-bit number formatted like an IPv4 address
an 8-bit number with a decimal value between 0 and 255
a character string with no space

Explanation: A router ID is a 32-bit number formatted like an IPv4 address and assigned in
order to uniquely identify a router among OSPF peers.

33. Question as presented:

DUAL is the algorithm used by EIGRP. In multiarea OSPF, OSPF is implemented using multiple
areas, and all of them must be connected to the backbone area.

34. After modifying the router ID on an OSPF router, what is the preferred method to make
the new router ID effective?

HQ# copy running-config startup-config

HQ# resume
HQ# clear ip route *
HQ# clear ip ospf process

Explanation: To modify a router-id on an OSPF-enabled router, it is necessary to reset the

OSPF routing process by entering either the clear ip ospf process command or the reload
command.

35. In an OSPFv2 configuration, what is the effect of entering the command network
192.168.1.1 0.0.0.0 area 0 ?

It allows all 192.168.1.0 networks to be advertised.

It tells the router which interface to turn on for the OSPF routing process.
It changes the router ID of the router to 192.168.1.1.
It enables OSPF on all interfaces on the router.

Explanation: Entering the command network 192.168.1.1 0.0.0.0 area 0 will turn on only
the interface with that IP address for OSPF routing. It does not change the router ID.
Instead, OSPF will use the network that is configured on that interface.

36. What is the reason for a network engineer to alter the default reference bandwidth
parameter when configuring OSPF?

to force that specific link to be used in the destination route

to more accurately reflect the cost of links greater than 100 Mb/s
to enable the link for OSPF routing
to increase the speed of the link

61 Explanation: By default, Fast Ethernet, Gigabit, and 10 Gigabit Ethernet interfaces all have
a cost of 1. Altering the default reference bandwidth alters the cost calculation, allowing each
speed to be more accurately reflected in the cost.

x
 37. Open the PT Activity. Perform the tasks in the activity instructions and then answer the
question.

Which task has to be performed on Router 1 for it to establish an OSPF adjacency with
Router 2?

Issue the clear ip ospf process command.

Change the subnet mask of interface FastEthernet 0/0 to 255.255.255.0.
Remove the passive interface command from interface FastEthernet 0/0.
Add the network 10.0.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 command to the OSPF process.
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Modules 1 – 2: OSPF Concepts and Configuration Packet Tracer

40.09 KB 3044 downloads
Download
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Explanation: Each interface on the link connecting the OSPF routers must be in the same
subnet for an adjacency to be established. The IP address subnet mask on FastEthernet
interface 0/0 must be changed to 255.255.255.0. The FastEthernet interface 0/0 is not
passive. The 10.0.1.0/24 network is only connected to Router2 so should not be advertised
by Router1. The clear ip ospf process command will start the OPSF process on Router1
but will not cause an adjacency to be established if the subnet mask mismatch on the
connecting interfaces still exists.
61

38. Match the description to the term. (Not all options are used.)

x
 Explanation: DUAL is the algorithm used by EIGRP. In multiarea OSPF, OSPF is
implemented using multiple areas, and all of them must be connected to the backbone area.

39. What is a benefit of multiarea OSPF routing?

Topology changes in one area do not cause SPF recalculations in other areas.
Routers in all areas share the same link-state database and have a complete picture of the
entire network.
A backbone area is not required.
Automatic route summarization occurs by default between areas.

Explanation: With multiarea OSPF, only routers within an area share the same link-state
database. Changes to the network topology in one area do not impact other areas, which
reduces the number of SPF algorithm calculations and the of link-state databases.

40. Match the OSPF state with the order in which it occurs. (Not all options are used.)

61

x
 Modules 1 – 2: OSPF Concepts and Configuration Exam

Explanation: The active and passive states are used by EIGRP.

41. What indicates to a link-state router that a neighbor is unreachable?

if the router no longer receives hello packets

if the router receives an update with a hop count of 16
if the router receives an LSP with previously learned information
if the router no longer receives routing updates

Explanation: OSPF routers send hello packets to monitor the state of a neighbor. When a
router stops receiving hello packets from a neighbor, that neighbor is considered
unreachable and the adjacency is broken.
61
42. Which three OSPF states are involved when two routers are forming an adjacency?
(Choose three.)

Exchange x
Init
ExStart
Two-way
Loading
 Down

Explanation: OSPF operation progresses through 7 states for establishing neighboring

router adjacency, exchanging routing information, calculating the best routes, and reaching
convergence. The Down, Init, and Two-way states are involved in the phase of neighboring
router adjacency establishment.

43. Refer to the exhibit. Suppose that routers B, C, and D have a default priority, and router
A has a priority 0. Which conclusion can be drawn from the DR/BDR election process?​

CCNA 3 v7 Modules 1 – 2: OSPF Concepts and Configuration Exam

If the priority of router C is changed to 255, then it will become the DR.
Router A will become the DR and router D will become the BDR.​
If the DR fails, the new DR will be router B.
If a new router with a higher priority is added to this network, it will become the DR.

Explanation: If the priority is set to 0, the router is not capable of becoming the DR, so
router A cannot be the DR. OSPF DR and BDR elections are not preemptive. If a new router
with a higher priority or higher router ID is added to the network after the DR and BDR
election, the newly added router does not take over the DR or the BDR role.​

44. An administrator is configuring single-area OSPF on a router. One of the networks that
must be advertised is 64.102.0.0 255.255.255.128. What wildcard mask would the
administrator use in the OSPF network statement?

0.0.31.255
0.0.0.63
0.0.63.255
0.0.0.127
45. Which command will a network engineer issue to verify the configured hello and dead
timer intervals on a point-to-point WAN link between two routers that are running OSPFv2?

show ipv6 ospf interface serial 0/0/0

show ip ospf neighbor
show ip ospf interface fastethernet 0/1
show ip ospf interface serial 0/0/0

The show ip ospf interface serial 0/0/0 command will display the configured hello and dead
timer intervals on a point-to-point serial WAN link between two OSPFv2 routers. The show
ipv6 ospf interface serial 0/0/0 command will display the configured hello and dead timer
intervals on a point-to-point serial link between two OSPFv3 routers. The show ip ospf
61
interface fastethernet 0/1 command will display the configured hello and dead timer intervals
on a multiaccess link between two (or more) OSPFv2 routers. The show ip ospf neighbor
command will display the dead interval elapsed time since the last hello message was
received, but does not show the configured value of the timer.
x

46. An administrator is configuring single-area OSPF on a router. One of the networks that
 must be advertised is 128.107.0.0 255.255.255.192. What wildcard mask would the
administrator use in the OSPF network statement?

0.0.63.255
0.0.0.63
0.0.0.3
0.0.0.7
47. Match each OSPF packet type to how it is used by a router. (Not all options are used.)

47. Which step in the link-state routing process is described by a router building a link-
state database based on received LSAs?

selecting the router ID

declaring a neighbor to be inaccessible
executing the SPF algorithm
building the topology table
48. An administrator is configuring single-area OSPF on a router. One of the networks that
must be advertised is 192.168.181.0 255.255.254.0. What wildcard mask would the
administrator use in the OSPF network statement?

.0.63.255
0.0.15.255
0.0.1.255
0.0.31.255
49. An administrator is configuring single-area OSPF on a router. One of the networks that
must be advertised is 198.19.0.0 255.255.252.0. What wildcard mask would the
administrator use in the OSPF network statement?

0.0.63.255
0.0.3.255
0.0.31.255
0.0.0.255
61 50. An administrator is configuring single-area OSPF on a router. One of the networks that
must be advertised is 128.107.0.0 255.255.252.0. What wildcard mask would the
administrator use in the OSPF network statement?

0.0.3.255
0.0.0.7
x
0.0.0.3
0.0.63.255
 51. Which step in the link-state routing process is described by a router flooding link-state
and cost information about each directly connected link?

building the topology table

selecting the router ID
exchanging link-state advertisements
injecting the default route
52. Which step in the link-state routing process is described by a router sending Hello
packets out all of the OSPF-enabled interfaces?

electing the designated router

establishing neighbor adjacencies
injecting the default route
exchanging link-state advertisements
53. An administrator is configuring single-area OSPF on a router. One of the networks that
must be advertised is 64.100.0.0 255.255.255.0. What wildcard mask would the
administrator use in the OSPF network statement?

0.0.0.31
0.0.0.255
0.0.0.63
0.0.0.127
54. Which step in the link-state routing process is described by a router inserting best
paths into the routing table?

declaring a neighbor to be inaccessible

executing the SPF algorithm
load balancing equal-cost paths
choosing the best route
55. What type of address is 64.101.198.197?

public
private

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CCNA 3 v7 Exam Answers – Enterprise CCNA 3 v7 Modules 3 – 5: Network
Networking, Security, and Automation v7.0 Security Exam Answers
(ENSA)

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61 COMMENTS

Tharyz  1 year ago

Which statement is correct about multiarea OSPF?

 Topic 1.1.0 – A company with one large autonomous system or AS can be divided into
smaller areas. When this occurs and the OSPF routing protocol is implemented, the design is
called multi-area OSPF. Multi-area OSPF decreases the frequency of the SPF calculation,
thus lightening the load on the router. In a single area OSPF design, all the routers are located
in area 0 or the backbone area.

OSPF can consolidate a fragmented OSPF area into one large area.
Arranging routers into areas partitions a large autonomous system in order to lighten
the load on routers.
All routers are in one area called the backbone area (area 0).
OSPF multiarea increases the frequency of SPF calculation.

A router is participating in an OSPFv2 domain. What will always happen if the dead interval
expires before
the router receives a hello packet from an adjacent DROTHER OSPF router?

OSPF will remove that neighbor from the router link-state database.
A new dead interval timer of 4 times the hello interval will start.
OSPF will run a new DR/BDR election.
SPF will run and determine which neighbor router is “down”.

 Topic 1.2.0 – On Cisco routers the default dead interval is 4 times the hello interval, and
this timer has expired in this case. SPF does not determine the state of neighbor routers; it
determines which routes become routing table entries. A DR/DBR election will not always
automatically run; this depends on the type of network and on whether or not the router no
longer up was a DR or BDR.

What is the order of packet types used by an OSPF router to establish convergence?

 Topic 1.2.0 – An OSPF router progresses in this order to convergence, using the
following packets:

1. Hello packet, used for OSPF election and establishing neighbor adjacencies
2. DBD packet, used to synchronize databases with neighbors
3. LSR packet, used to request more information in synchronizing databases
4. LSU packet, used to send link-state updates to neighbors
5. LSAck packet, used to acknowledge receipt of an LSU

Hello, LSAck, LSU, LSR, DBD

LSU, LSAck, Hello, DBD, LSR
Hello, DBD, LSR, LSU, LSAck
LSAck, Hello, DBD, LSU, LSR

What is a feature of the OSPF routing protocol?

 Topic 1.1.0 – OSPF uses the SPF algorithm to choose the best path. Routing changes
trigger routing updates (no 30-second updates). In IPv4, OSPF uses MD5 authentication
between two neighboring OSPF routers. In IPv6, OSPFv3 does not include any authentication
capabilities of its own. Instead it relies entirely on IPsec to secure communications between
neighbors. Routers can be grouped into areas to support a hierarchical system.

OSPF authentication is congured in the same way on IPv4 and IPv6 networks.
The SPF algorithm chooses the best path based on 30-second updates.
It scales well in both small and large networks.
Routers can be grouped into autonomous systems to support a hierarchical system.

What is used to create the OSPF neighbor table?

 Topic 1.1.0 – The adjacency database is used to create the OSPF neighbor table. The
link-state database is used to create the topology table, and the forwarding database is used
to create the routing table.

routing table
link-state database
adjacency database
61 forwarding database

What is identical on all OSPF routers within a single area?

 Topic 1.1.0 – When the LSP ooding process completes, all OSPF routers will learn the
same link-state information in the routing area. This information is used to build a complete x
link-state database, which will be the same on all OSPF routers within that specic area.

static routes
routing table
 link-state database
neighbor table

What function is performed by the OSPF designated router?

 Topic 1.3.0 – OSPF designated routers are elected on multiaccess networks to

disseminate LSAs to other OSPF routers. By having a single router disseminate LSAs, the
exchanging of LSAs is more ecient.

maintaining the link-state database

summarizing routes between areas
dissemination of LSAs
redistribution of external routes into OSPF

What are two reasons for creating an OSPF network with multiple areas? (Choose two.)

 Topic 1.1.0 – If a router is not running OSPF, it is not congurable with an OSPF area.
OSPF areas have no direct relationship with the Internet. Routers that run OSPF can connect
to the Internet, but multiple OSPF areas are not required for this purpose. OSPF areas help to
decrease the demand for router memory and processing power
by limiting OSPF protocol trac, keeping link-state databases small, and requiring fewer SPF
recalculations. Multiarea OSPF requires additional steps to congure and therefore does not
simplify the conguration process.

 to reduce SPF calculations

to provide areas in the network for routers that are not running OSPF
to simplify conguration
 to reduce use of memory and processor resources
to ensure that an area is used to connect the network to the Internet

At which OSPF state are neighbor routers converged and able to exchange routing updates?

 Topic 1.3.0 – OSPF neighbors that reach the Full state are converged and can exchange
routing information.

Full
ExStart
Exchange
Two-Way

What happens immediately after two OSPF routers have exchanged hello packets and have
formed a neighbor adjacency?

 Topic 1.2.0 – During the exchange of hello packets, OSPF routers negotiate the election
process and set the OSPF parameters. DBD packets are exchanged after that step has been
completed. DBD packets contain abbreviated lists of link-state information. After that
information has been exchanged, OSPF routers exchange Type 3 LSR packets to request
further information.

They exchange abbreviated lists of their LSDBs.

They request more information about their databases.
They exchange DBD packets in order to advertise parameters such as hello and dead
intervals.
They negotiate the election process if they are on a multiaccess network.

4 0 Reply

sarakith98  1 year ago

An OSPF router has three directly connected networks; 172.16.0.0/16, 172.16.1.0/16, and
172.16.2.0/16. Which OSPF network command would advertise only the 172.16.1.0 network to
neighbors?

router(config-router)# network 172.16.1.0 0.0.255.255 area 0

router(config-router)# network 172.16.0.0 0.0.15.255 area 0
router(config-router)# network 172.16.1.0 255.255.255.0 area 0
router(config-router)# network 172.16.1.0 0.0.0.0 area 0

13 -7 Reply

Alexis  1 year ago

An OSPF router has three directly connected networks; 172.16.0.0/16, 172.16.1.0/16, and
172.16.2.0/16. Which OSPF network command would advertise only the 172.16.1.0
61
network to neighbors?

5 0 Reply

x
Alexander Donis  1 year ago

In an OSPF network when are DR and BDR elections required?

 when the routers are interconnected over a common Ethernet network
when all the routers in an OSPF area cannot form adjacencies
when the two adjacent neighbors are in two different networks
when the two adjacent neighbors are interconnected over a point-to-point link #
(esta es la correcta)#

2 -14 Reply View Replies (2) 

SomeOne  1 year ago

1.An administrator is configuring single-area OSPF on a router. One of the networks that must
be advertised is 192.168.181.0 255.255.254.0. What wildcard mask would the administrator
use in the OSPF network statement?

.0.63.255
0.0.15.255
0.0.1.255
0.0.31.255

2.In an OSPFv2 configuration, what is the effect of entering the command network
192.168.1.1 0.0.0.0 area 0 ?

It changes the router ID of the router to 192.168.1.1.

It allows all 192.168.1.0 networks to be advertised.
It enables OSPF on all interfaces on the router.
It tells the router which interface to turn on for the OSPF routing process.

5 0 Reply View Replies (1) 

someone  2 years ago

In an OSPFv2 configuration, what is the effect of entering the command network 192.168.1.1
0.0.0.0 area 0 ?

It enables OSPF on all interfaces on the router.

It tells the router which interface to turn on for the OSPF routing process.
It changes the router ID of the router to 192.168.1.1.
It allows all 192.168.1.0 networks to be advertised.

8 -2 Reply

arjun vikramaditya  2 years ago

shaking shathamanyu mr.universe of kurnool

0 0 Reply

Vikramaditya Sarja  2 years ago

The topic are all unpreachable but we hope the easiest way to learn all this questions rather
than this type of method

0 -2 Reply View Replies (1) 

hussain  2 years ago

A network technician issues the following commands when configuring a router:

R1(config)# router ospf 11
R1(config-router)# network 10.10.10.0 0.0.0.255 area 0

What does the number 11 represent?

5 -2 Reply View Replies (1) 

Nuggets  2 years ago

61
Dose all the question will be on CCNA 200-301 exam?
Sorry for the question juts want to verify,
Thank you Admin.

4 0 Reply View Replies (1)  x

Rudolf  2 years ago

 Rudolf  2 years ago

After modifying the router ID on an OSPF router, what is the preferred method to make the
new router ID effective?

HQ# resume
HQ# clear ip ospf process
HQ# copy running-config startup-config
HQ# clear ip route *

11 -1 Reply View Replies (1) 

Rudolf  2 years ago

In an OSPFv2 configuration, what is the effect of entering the command network 192.168.1.1
0.0.0.0 area 0 ?

It enables OSPF on all interfaces on the router.

It allows all 192.168.1.0 networks to be advertised.
It changes the router ID of the router to 192.168.1.1.
It tells the router which interface to turn on for the OSPF routing process.

0 0 Reply View Replies (2) 

Judy  2 years ago

An administrator is configuring single-area OSPF on a router. One of the networks that must
be advertised is 64.100.0.0 255.255.255.0. What wildcard mask would the administrator use in
the OSPF network statement?

0.0.0.31
0.0.0.255
0.0.0.63
0.0.0.127

0 -1 Reply View Replies (1) 

Judy  2 years ago

In an OSPFv2 configuration, what is the effect of entering the command network 192.168.1.1
0.0.0.0 area 0 ?

It changes the router ID of the router to 192.168.1.1.

It allows all 192.168.1.0 networks to be advertised.
It enables OSPF on all interfaces on the router.
It tells the router which interface to turn on for the OSPF routing process.

1 -1 Reply View Replies (1) 

Chera Robinson Constantin  2 years ago

Which step in the link-state routing process is described by a router sending Hello packets out
all of the OSPF-enabled interfaces?

electing the designated router

exchanging link-state advertisements
injecting the default route
establishing neighbor adjacencies

1 0 Reply

Mandala  2 years ago

61
By default, what is the OSPF cost for any link with a bandwidth of 100 Mb/s or greater?

100000000
1
100 x
10000

20 0 Reply View Replies (1) 