Department of Computer Science & Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur CPP Lab

COLLEGE OF TECHNOLGY AND ENGINEERING

MAHARANA PRATAP UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE & TECHNOLGY, UDAIPUR

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING

LAB MANUAL

CS325- OBJECT ORENTED PROGRAMMING WITH C++

PREPARED BY
DR. NAVEEN CHAUDHARY
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur CPP Lab

DISCLAIMER
The e-Manual on “OBJECT ORIENTED
PROGRAMMING WITH C++” is prepared as per the
syllabus offered to students of Computer Science &
Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur, enrolled for
undergraduate (B. Tech) degree programme.
This document is a compilation of materials
provided in text books, and e-contents freely available
on online sources. The author does not claim for
originality of work. This is meant purely for academic
purpose for students of Computer Science and
Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT as a reference Material
for understanding of course. Multiplication and use of
this e-manual for commercial activity is strictly
prohibited.
However, author shall in no event be liable for
any errors, omissions or damages arising out of use this
information and specially disclaim any warranties or
merchantability or fitness for any particular use.

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Department of Computer Science & Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur CPP Lab

S. No. Title of Experiments

Prerequisite

A How to install and run Turbo C++ in widows 10, 8, 7, vista, XP

B How to install and run DevC++

Experiments
Write a Program to design a class having static member function named showcount() which
1.
has the property of displaying the number of objects created of the class.
Write a Program using class to process Shopping List for a Departmental Store. The list
2. include details such as the Code No and Price of each item and perform the operations like
Adding, Deleting Items to the list and Printing the Total value of an Order.
Write a Program which creates & uses array of object of a class. (for eg. implementing the
3.
list of Managers of a Company having details such as Name, Age, etc..).
Write a Program to find Maximum out of Two Numbers using friend function.
4. Note: Here one number is a member of one class and the other number is member of some
other class.
Write a Program to swap private data members of classes named as class_1, class_2 using
5.
friend function.
Write a Program to design a class complex to represent complex numbers. The complex
class should use an external function (use it as a friend function) to add two complex number
6.
the function should return an object of type complex representing the sum of two complex
no.
7. Write a Program using copy constructor to copy data of an object to another object.

Write a Program to allocate memory dynamically for an objects of a given class using class’s
8.
constructor.
Write a Program to design a class to represent a matrix. The class should have the
9.
functionality to insert and retrieve the elements of the matrix.
Write a program to design a class representing complex no. and having the functionality of
10.
performing addition & multiplication of two complex numbers using operator overloading.
Write a Program to overload operators like *, <<, >> using friend function. The following
11.
overloaded operators should work for a class vector.
Write a program for developing a matrix class which can handle integer matrices of different
12. dimensions. Also overload the operator for addition, multiplication & comparison of
matrices.
13. Write a program to overload new/delete operators in a class.

Write a program in C++ to highlight the difference between overloaded assignment operator
14.
and copy constructor.
Write a Program illustrating how the constructors are implemented and the order in which
15. they are called when the classes are inherited. Use three classes named alpha, beta, gamma
such that alpha, beta are base class and gamma is derived class inheriting alpha & beta
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur CPP Lab

Write a Program to design a student class representing student roll no. and a test class
(derived class of student) representing the scores of the student in various subjects and sports
16.
class representing the score in sports. The sports and test class should be inherited by a result
class having the functionality to add the scores and display the final result for a student.
Write a program to maintain the records of person with details (Name and Age) and find the
17.
eldest among them. The program must use this pointer to return the result.

18. Write a Program to illustrate the use of pointers to objects which are related by inheritance.

19. Write a program illustrating the use of virtual functions in class.

Write a program to design a class representing the information regarding digital library
(books, tape: book & tape should be separate classes having the base class as media). The
20.
class should have the functionality for adding new item, issuing, deposit etc. the program
should use the runtime polymorphism.
21. Write a program to show conversion from string to int and vice-versa.

22. Write a program showing data conversion between objects of different classes.

Write a program showing data conversion between objects of different classes and
23.
conversion routine should reside in destination class.

24. Write a program implementing basic operation of class ios i.e. setf,unsetf,precision etc.

Write a program to implement I/O operations on characters. I/O operations includes input a
25.
string, length of string, store it in a file, fetching the stored characters from it, etc.

26. Write a program to copy the contents of one file to another.

Write a program to perform read/write binary I/O operation on a file (i.e. write the object of a
27.
structure/class to file).

28. Write a program to maintain an elementary database of employees using files.

Write a Program for reading and writing data to and from the file using command line
29.
arguments.
Write a program showing implementation of stack class having the functionality of push, pop
30.
operations.

31. Write program to implement a queue class with required operations/ functions.

32. Write a program to implement circular queue class with required operations/ functions.

Write a program implanting linked list as a class. Also Perform some required operations like
33.
inserting, deleting nodes & display the contents of entire linked list.

34. Write a program implementing stack & its operations using dynamic memory allocation.

Write a program implementing Queue stack & its operations using dynamic memory
35.
allocation.
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur CPP Lab

Write a program to implement Binary search tree using class and traverse the tree using any
36. traversal scheme. In addition to it the class must have capability to copy the contents from
one tree to another and compare the contents of two binary trees.
37. Write a program to implement the exception handling with multiple catch statements.

38. Write a program to implement the exception handling with rethrowing in exception.

Write a program to implement the exception handling with the functionality of testing the
39.
throw restrictions.

40. Write a program implementing stack and its operations using template class.

Write a program implementing linked list & some required operations on it using class
41.
template.
Note – All program in this manual are executed in DevC++
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur CPP Lab

How to install Turbo C++

System Requirement

Operating System Pre-Requirement

Windows 10, 8.1 No Pre-Requirement

Windows 8, 7, Vista and XP .NET 4.5 Framework Required

How to install Turbo C++ in widows 8, 7, vista and xp

1. Download Turbo C++ 3.2 from http://turboc7.blogspot.com/
2. If any previous "Turbo C++" version install in your computer, then first of all uninstall
that.
3. Extract downloaded "Setup_TurboC_7_v2.1.rar" file.
4. Run “Setup_TurboC_7_v2.1.exe" file.
5. Follow the setup instructions.
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur CPP Lab
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur CPP Lab
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur CPP Lab

How to install Turbo C++ in widows 10

1. Download Turbo C++ 3.2 from here http://www.developerinsider.in/turbocpp/
2. If any previous "Turbo C++" version install in your computer, then first of all uninstall
that.
3. Extract downloaded "Turbo C++ 3.2.zip" file.
4. Run "setup.exe" file.
5. Follow the setup instructions.
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur CPP Lab
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur CPP Lab

How to use Turbo C++

1. If you want run turbo c++ on full screen simply click on button "Run Turbo C++"
2. "OR" If you not want full screen mode uncheck the "Full screen mode" check box and click on
button "Start Turbo C++"
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur CPP Lab

3. Press Alt+Enter to switch between “Full screen mode”or “minimize mode”

Department of Computer Science & Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur CPP Lab

How to run program

• File > New, and then write your C++ program

• Save the program using F2 (OR file > Save), remember the extension should be “.cpp”.
In the below screenshot I have given the name as b1pg1.cpp (batch 1 program1)

 Write the program

Department of Computer Science & Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur CPP Lab

• Compile the program using Alt + F9,or Compile > Compile (as shown in the below
screenshot).

• Press Ctrl + F9 to Run , or select Run > Run in menu bar to run the C++ program.
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur CPP Lab

 The output will be as shown below

Department of Computer Science & Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur CPP Lab

How to install and run DevC++

Download Dev C++ from: https://sourceforge.net/projects/orwelldevcpp/

1. This is a 48.1 MB file approx.
2. Double click the executable file.
3. Start the installation by clicking Next button.
4. Choose the destination folder and install it.
5. Click OK and start Dev C++ to write the program.
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur CPP Lab
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur CPP Lab
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur CPP Lab

 Choose your language

 And next, and will see the IDE

Department of Computer Science & Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur CPP Lab

To execute a c++ program in dev c++

 File > New >Source file

 Write your program. Note- only write “iostream”, not iostream.h, also add “using
namespace std;”
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur CPP Lab

 Save program with a .cpp extension

 Compile the program

 Run the program

Department of Computer Science & Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur CPP Lab

 You will get the output


Department of Computer Science & Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur CPP Lab

Experiment No. – 1

Aim - Write a Program to design a class having static member function named showcount() which has the
property of displaying the number of objects created of the class.

Code -

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class test
{
int code;
static int count;

public:
void setcode(void)
{
code = ++count;
}
void showcode(void)
{
cout<<"object number:"<<code<<"\n";
}
static void showcount(void)
{
cout<<"count:"<<count<<"\n";
}
};

int test :: count;

int main()
{
test t1,t2;

t1.setcode();
t2.setcode();

test :: showcount();

test t3;
t3.setcode();

test :: showcount();
t1.showcode();
t2.showcode();
t3.showcode();
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur CPP Lab

return 0;
}

Sampled Output–
count:2
count:3
object number:1
object number:2
object number:3
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur CPP Lab

Experiment No - 2

Aim - Write a Program using class to process Shopping List for a Departmental Store. The list include
details such as the Code No and Price of each item and perform the operations like Adding, Deleting
Items to the list and Printing the Total value of a Order.

Code -

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

const m=50;
class ITEMS
{
int itemCode[m];
float itemPrice[m];
int count;
public:
void CNT(void){count=0;}
void getitem(void);
void displaySum(void);
void remove(void);
void displayItems(void);
};
void ITEMS :: getitem(void)
{
cout<<"Enter item code";
cin>>itemCode[count];
cout<<"Enter Item cost";
cin>>itemPrice[count];
count++;
}
void ITEMS :: displaySum(void)
{
float sum=0;
for(int i=0;i<count;i++)
sum=sum+itemPrice[i];
cout<<"\n Total Value:"<<sum<<"\n";
}
void ITEMS :: remove(void)
{
int a;
cout<<"Enter Item Code";
cin>>a;
for(int i=0;i<count;i++)
if(itemCode[i] == a)
itemPrice[i]=0;
}
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur CPP Lab

void ITEMS :: displayItems(void)

{
cout<<"\n Code Price\n";

for(int i=0;i<count;i++)
{
cout<<"\n"<<itemCode[i];
cout<<" "<<itemPrice[i];
}
cout<<"\n";
}

int main()
{
ITEMS order;
order.CNT();
int x;
do
{
cout<<"\n You can do the following;"
<<"Enter appropriate number\n";
cout<<"\n1 : Add an Item";
cout<<"\n2 : Display Total Value";
cout<<"\n3 : Delete an Item";
cout<<"\n4 : Display all items";
cout<<"\n5 : Quit";
cout<<"\n\n What is your option?";

cin>>x;

switch(x)
{
case 1 : order.getitem();
break;
case 2 : order.displaySum();
break;
case 3 : order.remove();
break;
case 4 : order.displayItems();
break;
default : cout<<"Error in input";
}
}while(x!=5);
return 0;
}

Sampled Output -
You can do the following;Enter appropriate number
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur CPP Lab

1 : Add an Item
2 : Display Total Value
3 : Delete an Item
4 : Display all items
5 : Quit

What is your option?1

Enter item code222
Enter Item cost34.5

You can do the following;Enter appropriate number

1 : Add an Item
2 : Display Total Value
3 : Delete an Item
4 : Display all items
5 : Quit

What is your option?1

Enter item code444
Enter Item cost56.8

You can do the following;Enter appropriate number

1 : Add an Item
2 : Display Total Value
3 : Delete an Item
4 : Display all items
5 : Quit

What is your option?4

Code Price

222 34.5
444 56.8

You can do the following;Enter appropriate number

1 : Add an Item
2 : Display Total Value
3 : Delete an Item
4 : Display all items
5 : Quit

What is your option?

Department of Computer Science & Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur CPP Lab

Experiment No - 3

Aim - Write a Program which creates & uses array of object of a class. ( for eg. implementing the list of
Managers of a Company having details such as Name, Age, etc..).

Code -

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

class employee
{
char name [30];
float age;
public:
void getdata(void);
void putdata(void);
};
void employee :: getdata(void)
{
cout<<"Enter Name";
cin>>name;
cout<<"Enter Age";
cin>>age;
}
void employee :: putdata(void)
{
cout<<"Name:"<<name<<"\n";
cout<<"Age: "<<age<<"\n";
}
const int size=3;
int main()
{

employee manager[size];
for(int i=0; i<size; i++)
{
cout<<"\n Details of manager"<<i+1<<"\n";
manager[i].getdata();
}
cout<<"\n";
for(i=0; i<size; i++)
{
cout<<"\n Manager"<<i+1<<"\n";
manager[i].putdata();
}

return 0;
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur CPP Lab

Sampled Output –

Details of manager1
Enter Name-aaa
Enter Age-56

Details of manager2
Enter Name-bbb
Enter Age-45

Details of manager3
Enter Name-ccc
Enter Age-50

Manager1
Name:aaa
Age: 56

Manager2
Name:bbb
Age: 45

Manager3
Name:ccc
Age: 50
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur CPP Lab

Experiment No – 4
Aim - Write a Program to find Maximum out of Two Numbers using friend function. Note: Here one
number is a member of one class and the other number is member of some other class.
Code –

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

class ABC;
class XYZ
{
int x;
public:
void setvalue(int i)
{
x=i;
}
friend void max(XYZ, ABC);
};
class ABC
{
int a;
public:
void setvalue(int i)
{
a=i;
}
friend void max(XYZ, ABC);
};
void max (XYZ m, ABC n)
{
if(m.x>=n.a)
cout<<m.x;
else
cout<<n.a;
}
int main()
{
ABC abc;
abc.setvalue(10);
XYZ xyz;
xyz.setvalue(20);
max(xyz,abc);

return 0;
}
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur CPP Lab

Sampled Output –

20
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur CPP Lab

Experiment No. – 5

Aim - Write a Program to swap private data members of classes named as class_1, class_2 using friend
function.

Code –

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

class class_2;
class class_1
{
int value1;
public:
void indata(int a)
{
value1=a;
}
void display(void)
{
cout<<value1<<"\n";
}
friend void exchange(class_1 &, class_2 &);
};
class class_2
{
int value2;
public:
void indata(int a)
{
value2=a;
}
void display(void)
{
cout<<value2<<"\n";
}
friend void exchange(class_1 &, class_2 &);
};
void exchange(class_1 &x, class_2 &y)
{
int temp = x.value1;
x.value1 = y.value2;
y.value2 = temp;
}
int main()
{
class_1 C1;
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur CPP Lab

class_2 C2;

C1.indata(100);
C2.indata(200);
cout<<"Values before exchange"<<"\n";

C1.display();
C2.display();
exchange(C1, C2);
cout<<"Values after exchange"<<"\n";
C1.display();
C2.display();
return 0;
}

Sampled Output –

Values before exchange

100
200
Values after exchange
200
100
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur CPP Lab

Experiment No. – 6

Aim- Write a Program to design a class complex to represent complex numbers. The complex class
should use an external function (use it as a friend function) to add two complex number the function
should return an object of type complex representing the sum of two complex no.

Code –

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class complex
{
float x;
float y;
public:
void input(float real, float img)
{
x=real;
y=img;
}
friend complex sum(complex, complex);
void show(complex);
};
complex sum(complex c1, complex c2)
{
complex c3;
c3.x = c1.x + c2.x;
c3.y = c1.y + c2.y;
return (c3);
}
void complex :: show(complex c)
{
cout<<c.x<<"+j"<<c.y<<"\n";
}
int main()
{
complex A,B,C;
A.input(3.1, 5.65);
B.input(2.75, 1.2);

C=sum(A,B);
cout<<"A=";
A.show(A);
cout<<"B=";
B.show(B);
cout<<"C=";
C.show(C);
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur CPP Lab

return 0;
}

Sampled output –

A=3.1+j5.65
B=2.75+j1.2
C=5.85+j6.85
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur CPP Lab

Experiment No. - 7

Aim - Write a Program using copy constructor to copy data of an object to another object.

Code –

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

class code
{
int id;
public:
code(){}
code(int a)
{
id = a;
}
code(code & x)
{
id = x.id;
}
void display(void)
{
cout<<id;
}
};

int main()
{
code A(100);
code B(A);
code C = A;
code D;
D = A;
cout<<"\n id of A:";
A.display();
cout<<"\n id of B:";
B.display();
cout<<"\n id of C:";
C.display();
cout<<"\n id of D:";
D.display();

return 0;
}

Sampled output -
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur CPP Lab

id of A:100
id of B:100
id of C:100
id of D:100
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur CPP Lab

Experiment No. – 8

Aim - Write a Program to allocate memory dynamically for an objects of a given class using class’s
constructor.

Code -

#include<iostream>
#include<string.h>
using namespace std;

class String
{
char *name;
int length;
public:
String()
{
length = 0;
name = new char[length +1];
}
String (const char *s)
{
length = strlen(s);
name= new char[length + 1];
strcpy(name, s);
}
void display(void)
{
cout<<name<<"\n";
}
void join(String &a, String &b);
};

void String :: join (String &a, String &b)

{
length = a.length + b.length;
delete name;
name = new char [length + 1];

strcpy(name,a.name);
strcat(name, b.name);
};

int main()
{

const char *first = "Joseph";

Department of Computer Science & Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur CPP Lab

String name1(first), name2("Louis "), name3("Lagrange"),s1,s2;

s1.join(name1, name2);
s2.join(s1, name3);
name1.display();
name2.display();
name3.display();
s1.display();
s2.display();

return 0;
}

Sampled Output -

Joseph
Louis
Lagrange
Joseph Louis
Joseph Louis Lagrange
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur CPP Lab

Experiment No. – 9

Aim - Write a Program to design a class to represent a matrix. The class should have the functionality to
insert and retrieve the elements of the matrix.

Code–

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class matrix
{
int **p;
int d1,d2;
public:
matrix(int x, int y);
void get_element(int i, int j, int value)
{
p[i][j]=value;
}
int & put_element(int i, int j)
{
return p[i][j];
}
};
matrix ::matrix(int x, int y)
{
d1 = x;
d2 = y;
p = new int *[d1];
for(int i = 0; i < d1; i++)
p[i] = new int[d2];
}

int main()
{
int m, n;

cout<<"Enter size of matrix - ";

cin>>m>>n;
matrix A(m,n);
cout<<"Enter Matrix Element row by row:";
int i,j,value;

for(i=0;i<m;i++)
for(j=0;j<n;j++)
{
cin>>value;
A.get_element(i,j,value);
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur CPP Lab

}
cout<<"\n";
cout<<A.put_element(1,2);
return 0;
}

Sampled Output-

Enter size of matrix - 3

3
Enter Matrix Element row by row:1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

6
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur CPP Lab

Experiment No. - 10

Aim - Write a program to design a class representing complex no. and having the functionality of
performing addition & multiplication of two complex numbers using operator overloading.

Code–

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class complex
{
private:
float real,
imag;
public:
complex( )
{
}
complex( float r, float i )
{
real = r;
imag = i;
}

void getdata( )
{
float r, i;
cout << endl << "Enter real and imaginary part ";
cin >> r >> i;
real = r;
imag = i;
}

void setdata( )
{
real = r;
imag = i;
}

void displaydata( )
{
cout << endl << "real = " << real;
cout<<endl<<Imaginary = "<<imag;
}

complex operator +( complex c )

{
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur CPP Lab

complex t;
t.real = real + c.real;
t.imag = imag + c.imag;
}

complex operator *( complex c )

{
complex t;
t.real = real * c.real - imag * c.imag;
t.imag = real * c.imag + c.real * imag;
return t;
}
} ;

int main( )
{
complex c1,
c2 ( 1.2, -2.5 ), c3, c4;
c1.setdata( 2.0, 2.0 );
c3 = c1 + c2;
c3.displaydata( );
c4.getdata( );

complex c5 ( 2.5, 3.0 ), c6;

c6 = c4 * c5;
c6.displaydata( );

complex c7;
c7 = c1 + c2 * c3;
c7.displaydata( );
return 0;
}

Sampled output -

c3 = c1 + c2

real = 2
Imaginary = 2

real = 1.2
Imaginary = -2.5

real = 3.2
Imaginary = -0.5

Enter real and imaginary part 10

.6
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur CPP Lab

c6 = c4 * c5

real = 10
Imaginary = 0.6

real = 2.5
Imaginary = 3

real = 23.2
Imaginary = 31.5

c7 = c1 + c2 *c3

real = 2
Imaginary = 2

real = 1.2
Imaginary = -2.5

real = 3.2
Imaginary = -0.5

real = 4.59
Imaginary = -6.6
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur CPP Lab

Experiment No. – 11

Aim - Write a Program to overload operators like *, <<, >> using friend function. The following
overloaded operators should work for a class vector.

Code -

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

const size = 3;

class vector
{
int v[size];

public:
vector();
vector(int *x);
friend vector operator *(int a, vector b);
friend vector operator *(vector b, int a);
friend istream & operator >>(istream &, vector &);
friend ostream & operator <<(ostream &, vector &);
};

vector ::vector()
{
for(int i=0;i<size;i++)
v[i]=0;
}

vector :: vector(int *x)

{
for(int i=0; i<size; i++)
v[i] = x[i];
}

vector operator *(int a, vector b)

{
vector c;
for(int i=0; i<size; i++)
c.v[i] = a * b.v[i];
return c;
}

vector operator *(vector b, int a)

{
vector c;
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur CPP Lab

for(int i=0; i<size; i++)

c.v[i] = b.v[i] * a;
return c;
}

istream & operator >> (istream &din, vector &b)

{
for(int i=0; i<size; i++)
din>>b.v[i];
return(din);
}

ostream & operator << (ostream &dout, vector &b)

{
dout<<"("<<b.v [0];

for(int i=1; i<size; i++)

dout<<","<<b.v[i];
dout<<")";
return(dout);
}

int x[size] = {2,4,6};

int main()
{

vector m;
vector n = x;

cout<<"Enter Elements of vector m"<<"\n";

cin>>m;

cout<<"\n";
cout<<"m="<<m<<"\n";

vector p,q;

p = 2 * m;
q = n * 2;

cout<<"\n";
cout<<"p="<<p<<"\n";
cout<<"q="<<q<<"\n";

return 0;
}
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur CPP Lab

Sampled output -

Enter Elements of vector m

1
2
3

m=(1,2,3)

p=(2,4,6)
q=(4,8,12)
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur CPP Lab

Experiment No. - 12

Aim - Write a program for developing a matrix class which can handle integer matrices of different
dimensions. Also overload the operator for addition, multiplication & comparison of matrices.

Code–

#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
Using namespace std;
class matrix
{
int maxrow, maxcol;
int * ptr;
public:
matrix( int r, int c )
{
maxrow = r;
maxcol = c;
ptr = new int [r * c];
}

void getmat( )
{
int i,j, mat_off,temp;
cout << endl << "enter elements matrix:" << endl;
for( i = 0; i < maxrow; i++ )
{
for( j = 0; j < maxcol; j++ )
{
mat_off = i * maxcol + j;
cin >> ptr[ mat_off ];
}
}
}

void printmat( )
{
int i, j, mat_off;
for( i = 0; i < maxrow; i++ )
{
cout << endl;
for( j = 0; j < maxcol; j++ )
{
mat_off = i * maxcol + j;
cout << setw( 3 ) << ptr[ mat_off ];
}
}
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur CPP Lab

int delmat( )
{
matrix q ( maxrow - 1, maxcol - 1 );
int sign = 1, sum = 0, i, j,k,count;
int newsize,newpos,pos,order;
order = maxrow;
if( order == 1 )
{
return ( ptr[ 0 ] );
}
for( i = 0; i < order; i++, sign *= -1 )
{
for( j = 1; j < order; j++ )
{
for( k = 0, count = 0; k< order; k++ )
{
if( k == i )
continue;
pos = j * order + k;
newpos = ( j - 1 ) * ( order - 1 ) + count;
q.ptr[ newpos ] = ptr[ pos ];
count++;
}
}
sum = sum + ptr[ i ] * sign * q.delmat( );
}
return ( sum );
}

matrix operator +( matrix b )

{
matrix c ( maxrow, maxcol );
int i,j,mat_off;
for( i = 0; i < maxrow; i++ )
{
for( j = 0; j < maxcol; j++ )
{
mat_off = i * maxcol + j;
c.ptr[ mat_off ] = ptr[ mat_off ] + b.ptr[ mat_off ];
}
}
return ( c );
}

matrix operator *( matrix b )

{
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur CPP Lab

matrix c ( b.maxcol, maxrow );

int i,j,k,mat_off1, mat_off2, mat_off3;
for( i = 0; i < c.maxrow; i++ )
{
for( j = 0; j < c.maxcol; j++ )
{
mat_off3 = i * c.maxcol + j;
c.ptr[ mat_off3 ] = 0;
for( k = 0; k < b.maxrow; k++ )
{
mat_off2 = k * b.maxcol + j;
mat_off1 = i * maxcol + k;
c.ptr[mat_off3]+=ptr[mat_off1]* b.ptr[mat_off2 ];
}
}
}
return ( c );
}

int operator ==( matrix b )

{
int i,j, mat_off;
if( maxrow != b.maxrow
|| maxcol != b.maxcol )
return ( 0 );
for( i = 0; i < maxrow; i++ )
{
for( j = 0; j < maxcol; j++ )
{
mat_off = i * maxcol + j;
if( ptr[ mat_off ]
!= b.ptr[ mat_off ] )
return ( 0 );
}
}
return ( 1 );
}

} ;

int main( )
{
int rowa, cola, rowb, colb;
cout << endl << "Enter dimensions of matrix A ";
cin >> rowa >> cola;
matrix a ( rowa, cola );
a.getmat( );
cout << endl << "Enter dimensions of matrix B";
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur CPP Lab

cin >> rowb >> colb;

matrix b ( rowb, colb );
b.getmat( );
matrix c ( rowa, cola );
c = a + b;
cout << endl << "The sum of two matrics = ";
c.printmat( );
matrix d ( rowa, colb );
d = a * b;
cout << endl << "The product of two matrics = ";
d.printmat( );
cout << endl << "Determinant of matrix a =" << a.delmat( );
if( a == b )
cout << endl << "a & b are equal";
else
cout << endl << "a & b are not equal";
return 0;
}

Sampled output -

Enter dimensions of matrix A 2

2

enter elements matrix:

1
2
3
4

Enter dimensions of matrix B2

2

enter elements matrix:

1
2
3
4

The sum of two matrics =

2 4
6 8
The product of two matrics =
7 10
15 22
Determinant of matrix a =-2
a & b are equal
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur CPP Lab
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur CPP Lab

Experiment No. – 13
Aim - Write a program to overload new/delete operators in a class.

Code -

#include <iostream>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <new.h>
using namespace std;

const int MAX = 5;

const int FREE = 0;
const int OCCUPIED = 1;

void memwarning( )
{
cout << endl << "Free store has now gone empty";
exit( 1 );
}

class employee
{
private:
char name[ 20 ];
int age;
float sal;

public:
void *operator new(size_t bytes);
void operator delete( void * q );
void setdata( char * n, int a, float s );
void showdata( );
~employee( );
};

struct pool
{
employee obj;
int status;
};

int flag = 0;
struct pool * p = NULL;

void * employee::operator new( size_t sz )

{
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur CPP Lab

int i;
if( flag == 0 )
{
p = ( pool * )malloc( sz * MAX );
if( p == NULL )
memwarning( );
for( i = 0; i < MAX; i++ )
p[ i ].status = FREE;
flag = 1;
p[ 0 ].status = OCCUPIED;
return &p[ 0 ].obj;
}

else
{
for( i = 0; i < MAX; i++ )
{
if( p[ i ].status = FREE )
{
p[ i ].status = OCCUPIED;
return &p[ i ].obj;
}
}
memwarning( );
}
}

void employee::operator delete( void * q )

{
if( q == NULL )
return;
for( int i = 0; i < MAX; i++)
{
if( q == &p[ i ].obj )
{
p[ i ].status = FREE;
strcpy( p[ i ].obj.name, "" );
p[ i ].obj.age = 0;
p[ i ].obj.sal = 0.0;
}
}
}

void employee::setdata( char * n, int a, float s )

{
strcpy( name, n );
age = a;
sal = s;
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur CPP Lab

void employee::showdata( )
{
cout << endl << name << "\t" << age << "\t" << sal;
}

employee::~employee( )
{
cout << endl << "reached destructor";
free( p );
}

int main( )
{
void memwarning( );
set_new_handler( memwarning );
employee * e1,*e2,*e3,*e4,*e5,*e6;
e1 = new employee;
e1->setdata( "ajay", 23, 4500.50 );

e2 = new employee;
e2->setdata( "amol", 25, 5500.50 );

e3 = new employee;
e3->setdata( "anil", 26, 3500.50 );

e4 = new employee;
e4->setdata( "anuj", 30, 6500.50 );

e5 = new employee;
e5->setdata( "atul", 23, 4200.50 );

e1->showdata( );
e2->showdata( );
e3->showdata( );
e4->showdata( );
e5->showdata( );

delete e4;
delete e5;

e4->showdata( );
e5->showdata( );

e4 = new employee;
e5 = new employee;
e6 = new employee;
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur CPP Lab

cout << endl << "Done!!";

return 0;
}

Sampled Output –

ajay 23 4500.50
amol 25 5500.50
anil 26 3500.50
anuj 30 6500.50
atul 23 4200.50
0 0.0
0 0.0
Done!
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur CPP Lab

Experiment No. – 14

Aim - Write a program in C++ to highlight the difference between overloaded assignment operator and
copy constructor.

Code -

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class circle
{
private:
int radius;
float x, y;

public:
circle( )
{
}
circle( int rr, float xx, float yy )
{
radius = rr;
x = xx;
y = yy;
cout<< endl<<"simple constructor invoked";
}
circle operator =( circle & c )
{
cout << endl << "Assignment operator invoked";
radiius = c.radius;
x = c.x;
y = c.y;
return circle( radius, x, y );
}
circle( circle & c )
{
cout << endl << "copy constructor invoked";
radius = c.radius;
x = c.x;
y = c.y;
}
void showdata( )
{
cout << endl << "Radius = " << radius;
cout << endl << "X-Coordinate=" << x;
cout << endl << "Y-Coordinate=" << y;
}
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur CPP Lab

} ;

int main( )
{
circle c1 ( 10, 2.5, 2.5 );
circle c2,c4;
c4 = c2 = c1;
circle c3 = c1;
c1.showdata( );
c2.showdata( );
c3.showdata( );
c4.showdata( );
return 0;
}

Sampled output –

simple constructor invoked

Assignment operator invoked
simple constructorinvoked
Assignment operator invoked
simple constructorinvoked
copy constructor invoked
Radius = 10
X-Coordinate=2.5
Y-Coordinate=2.5
Radius = 10
X-Coordinate=2.5
Y-Coordinate=2.5
Radius = 10
X-Coordinate=2.5
Y-Coordinate=2.5
Radius = 10
X-Coordinate=2.5
Y-Coordinate=2.5
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur CPP Lab

Experiment No- 15

Aim - Write a Program illustrating how the constructors are implemented and the order in which they are
called when the classes are inherited. Use three classes named alpha, beta, gamma such that alpha,beta are
base class and gamma is derived class inheriting alpha & beta

Code –

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

class alpha
{
int x;
public:
alpha(int i)
{
x = i;
cout<<"alpha initialized\n";
}
void show_x(void)
{
cout<<"x="<<x<<"\n";
}
};

class beta
{
float y;
public:
beta(float j)
{
y=j;
cout<<"beta initialized\n";
}
void show_y(void)
{
cout<<"y= "<<y<<"\n";
}
};

class gamma : public beta, public alpha

{
int m,n;
public:
gamma(int a, float b, int c, int d):
alpha(a), beta(b)
{
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur CPP Lab

m = c; n = d;
cout<<"gamma initialized\n";
}
void show_mn(void){
cout<<"m="<<m<<"\n";
cout<<"n="<<n<<"\n";
}
};

int main()
{
gamma g(5, 10.75, 20, 30);
g.show_x();
g.show_y();
g.show_mn();
return 0;
}

Sampled output –

beta initialized
alpha initialized
gamma initialized
x=5
y= 10.75
m=20
n=30
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur CPP Lab

Experiment No – 16

Aim - Write a Program to design a student class representing student roll no. and a test class (derived
class of student) representing the scores of the student in various subjects and sports class representing the
score in sports. The sports and test class should be inherited by a result class having the functionality to
add the scores and display the final result for a student.

Code -

#include<iostream.h>
using namespace std;

class student
{
protected:
int roll_number;

public:
void get_number(int a)
{
roll_number = a;
}

void put_number(void)
{
cout<<"Roll No:"<<roll_number<<"\n";
}
};

class test : public student

{
protected:
float part1, part2;

public:
void get_marks(float x, float y)
{
part1 = x;
part2 = y;
}

void put_marks(void)
{
cout<<"Marks obtained"<<"\n"
<<"part1 ="<<part1<<"\n"
<<"part2 ="<<part2<<"\n";
}
};
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur CPP Lab

class sports
{
protected:
float score;

public:
void get_score(float s)
{
score = s;
}

void put_score(void)
{
cout<<"Sports wt:"<<score<<"\n\n";
}
};

class result : public test, public sports

{
float total;
public:
void display(void);
};

void result ::display(void)

{
total = part1 + part2 + score;

put_number();
put_marks();
put_score();

cout<<"Total Score:"<<total<<"\n";
}

int main()
{
result student_1;

student_1.get_number (1234);
student_1.get_marks (27.5, 33.0);

student_1.get_score (6.0);

student_1.display ();

return 0;
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur CPP Lab

Sampled Output –

Roll No:1234
Marks obtained
part1 =27.5
part2 =33
Sports wt:6

Total Score:66.5
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur CPP Lab

Experiment No. – 17

Aim - Write a program to maintain the records of person with details (Name and Age) and find the eldest
among them. The program must use this pointer to return the result.

Code –

#include<iostream>
#include<string.h>
Using namespace std;

class person
{
char name[20];
float age;

public:
person(const char *s, float a)
{
strcpy(name, s);
age = a;
}

person & person :: greater(person & x)

{
if(x.age >= age)
return x;
else
return *this;
}

void display(void)
{
cout<<"Name:"<<name<<"\n"
<<"Age: "<<age<<"\n";
}
};

int main()
{
person p1("John", 37.50),p2("Ahmed",29.0),p3("Hebber", 40.5);

person p = p1.greater (p3);

cout<<"Elder Person is:\n";
p.display();

p = p1.greater (p2);
cout<<"Elder Person is:\n";
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur CPP Lab

p.display();

return 0;
}

Sampled output -

Elder Person is:

Name:Hebber
Age: 40.5
Elder Person is:
Name:John
Age: 37.5
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur CPP Lab

Experiment No. – 18

Aim - Write a Program to illustrate the use of pointers to objects which are related by inheritance.

Code –

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

class BC
{
public:
int b;
void show()
{
cout<<"b="<<b<<"\n";
}
};

class DC : public BC
{
public:
int d;
void show()
{
cout<<"b="<<b<<"\n"
<<"d="<<d<<"\n";
}
};

int main()
{
BC *bptr;
BC base;
bptr = &base;

bptr->b = 100;
cout<<"bptr points to base object\n";
bptr->show ();

DC derived;
bptr = &derived;
bptr->b = 200;

cout<<"bptr now points to derived object\n";

bptr->show ();
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur CPP Lab

DC *dptr;
dptr = &derived;
dptr->d = 300;

cout<<"dptr is derived type pointer\n";

dptr->show ();

cout<<"Using ((DC *)bptr)\n";

((DC *)bptr)->d = 400;
((DC *)bptr)->show ();

return 0;
}

Sampled output -

bptr points to base object

b=100
bptr now points to derived object
b=200
dptr is derived type pointer
b=200
d=300
Using ((DC *)bptr)
b=200
d=400
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur CPP Lab

Experiment No. – 19

Aim - Write a program illustrating the use of virtual functions in class.

Code-

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

class Base
{
public:
void display()
{
cout<<"\n Display Base";
}

virtual void show()

{
cout<<"\n Show Base";
}
};

class Derived : public Base

{
public:
void display()
{
cout<<"\n Display Derived";
}

void show()
{
cout<<"\n Show Derived";
}
};

int main()
{
Base B;
Derived D;
Base *bptr;

cout<<"\n bptr points to Base\n";

bptr = &B;
bptr ->display ();
bptr ->show ();
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur CPP Lab

cout<<"\n\n bptr points to derived\n";

bptr = &D;
bptr ->display ();
bptr ->show ();

return 0;
}

Sampled Output –

bptr points to Base

Display Base
Show Base

bptr points to derived

Display Base
Show Derived
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur CPP Lab

Experiment No. – 20

Aim - Write a program to design a class representing the information regarding digital library (books,
tape: book & tape should be separate classes having the base class as media). The class should have the
functionality for adding new item, issuing, deposit etc. the program should use the runtime
polymorphism.

Code -

#include<iostream>
#include<string.h>
using namespace std;

class media
{
protected:
char title[50];
float price;
public:
media(char *s, float a)
{
strcpy(title, s);
price = a;
}
virtual void display(){}
};
class book : public media
{
int pages;
public:
book(char *s, float a, int p) : media(s,a)
{
pages = p;
}
void display();
};

class tape : public media

{
float time;
public:
tape(char * s, float a, float t):media(s,a)
{
time =t;
}
void display();
};
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur CPP Lab

void book ::display()

{
cout<<"\n Title:"<<title;
cout<<"\n Pages:"<<pages;
cout<<"\n Price:"<<price;
}

void tape ::display ()

{
cout<<"\n Title:"<<title;
cout<<"\n Play Time:"<<time<<"mins";
cout<<"\n Price:"<<price;
}

int main()
{
char * title = new char[30];
float price, time;
int pages;

cout<<"\n Enter Book Details \n";

cout<<"\n Title:";
cin>>title;
cout<<"\n Price:";
cin>>price;
cout<<"\n Pages:";
cin>>pages;

book book1(title, price, pages);

cout<<"\n Enter Tape Details";

cout<<"\n Title:";
cin>>title;
cout<<"\n Price:";
cin>>price;
cout<<"\n Play Times(mins):";
cin>>time;

tape tape1(title, price, time);

media* list[2];
list[0] = &book1;
list[1] = &tape1;
cout<<"\n Media Details";

cout<<"\n..............Book.....";
list[0]->display ();
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur CPP Lab

cout<<"\n..............Tape.....";
list[1]->display ();

return 0;
}

Sample output –

Enter Book Details

Title:aaa

Price:34.5

Pages:56

Enter Tape Details

Title:yyy

Price:67.8

Play Times(mins):45.5

Media Details
..............Book.....
Title:aaa
Pages:56
Price:34.5
..............Tape.....
Title:yyy
Play Time:45.5mins
Price:67.8
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur CPP Lab

Experiment No. – 21

Aim - write a program to show conversion from string to int and vice-versa.

Code –

#include <iostream>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
using namespace std;

class string
{
private:
char str[ 20 ];
public:
string( )
{
str[ 0 ] = '\0';
}
string( char * s )
{
strcpy( str, s );
}
string( int a )
{
itoa( a, str, 10 );
}
operator int( )
{
int i = 0,
l,
ss = 0,
k = 1;
l = strlen( str ) - 1;
while( l >= 0 )
{
ss = ss + ( str[ l ] - 48 ) * k;
l--;
k *= 10;
}
return ( ss );
}
void displaydata( )
{
cout << str;
}
} ;
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur CPP Lab

int main( )
{
string s1 = 123;
cout << endl << "s1=";
s1.displaydata( );
s1 = 150;
cout << endl << "s1=";
s1.displaydata( );
string s2 ( "123" );
int i = int( s2 );
cout << endl << "i=" << i;
string s3 ( "456" );
i = s3;
cout << endl << "i=" << i;
return 0;
}

Sampled Output -

s1=123
s1=150
i=123
i=456
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur CPP Lab

Experiment No – 22

Aim - Write a program showing data conversion between objects of different classes.

Code -

#include <iostream>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
using namespace std;

class date
{
private:

char dt[ 9 ];

public:

date( )
{
dt[ 0 ] = '\0';
}

date( char * s )
{
strcpy( dt, s );
}

void displaydata( )
{
cout << dt;
}

};

class dmy
{
private:

int day, mth, yr;

public:

dmy( )
{
day = mth = yr = 0;
}
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur CPP Lab

dmy( int d, int m, int y )

{
day = d;
mth = m;
yr = y;
} ;

operator date( )
{
char temp[ 3 ], str[ 9 ];
itoa( day, str, 10 );
strcat( str, "/" );
itoa( mth, temp, 10 );
strcat( str, temp );
strcat( str, "/" );
itoa( yr, temp, 10 );
strcat( str, temp );
return ( date( str ) );
}

void displaydata( )
{
cout << day << "\t" << mth << "\t" << yr;
}

};

int main( )
{
date d1;
dmy d2 ( 17, 11, 94 );
d1 = d2;

cout<<endl<<"d1=";
d1.displaydata( );

cout << endl << "d2=";

d2.displaydata( );
return 0;
}

Sampled output -

d1=17/11/94
d2=17 11 94
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur CPP Lab

Experiment No. – 23
Aim - Write a program showing data conversion between objects of different classes and conversion
routine should reside in destination class.

Code –

#include <iostream>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
using namespace std;

class dmy
{
int day,mth, yr;
public:
dmy( )
{
day = mth, yr = 0;
}

dmy( int d, int m, int y )

{
day = d;
mth = m;
yr = y;
}

int getday( )
{
return ( day );
}

int getmth( )
{
return ( mth );
}

int getyr( )
{
return ( yr );
}

void displaydata( )
{
cout << day << "\t" << mth << "\t" << yr;
}
} ;
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur CPP Lab

class date
{
private:
char dt[ 9 ];

public:
date( )
{
dt[ 0 ] = '\0';
}
date( char * s )
{
strcpy( dt, s );
}

void displaydata( )
{
cout << dt;
}

date( dmy t )
{
int d = t.getday( );
int m = t.getmth( );
int y = t.getyr( );
char temp[ 3 ];
itoa( d, dt, 10 );
strcat( dt, "/" );
itoa( m, temp, 10 );
strcat( dt, temp );
strcat( dt, "/" );
itoa( y, temp, 10 );
strcat( dt, temp );
}
} ;

int main( )
{
date d1;
dmy d2 ( 17, 11, 94 );
d1 = d2;
cout << endl << "d1=";
d1.displaydata( );
cout << endl << "d2=";
d2.displaydata( );
return 0;
}
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur CPP Lab

Sampled output –

d1=17/11/94
d2=17 11 94
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur CPP Lab

Experiment No - 24

Aim - Write a program implementing basic operation of class ios i.e. setf,unsetf,precision etc.

Code –

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main( )
{
int i = 52;
float a = 425.0;
float b = 123.500328;

char str[ ] = "Dream. Then make it happend!";

cout.setf( ios::unitbuf );
cout.setf( ios::showpos );

cout << i << endl;

cout.setf( ios::showbase );
cout.setf( ios::uppercase );
cout.setf( ios::hex, ios::basefield );

cout << i << endl; //output-0X34

cout.setf( ios::oct, ios::basefield );

cout << i << endl; //output-064

cout.setf( ios::dec, ios::basefield );

cout << i << endl;

cout.fill( '0' );
cout << "Fill character " << cout.fill( ) << endl;

cout.width( 10 );
cout << i << endl;

cout.setf( ios::left, ios::adjustfield );

cout.width( 10 );
cout << i << endl;

cout.setf( ios::internal, ios::adjustfield );

cout.width( 10 );
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur CPP Lab

cout << i << endl;

cout << endl;
cout << endl;

cout.width( 10 );
cout << str << endl;

cout.width( 40 );
cout.setf( ios::left, ios::adjustfield );
cout << str << endl;

cout.precision( 6 );
cout << "Precision" << cout.precision( );

cout.setf( ios::showpoint );
cout.unsetf( ios::showpos );
cout << endl << a;

cout.unsetf( ios::showpoint );
cout << endl << a;

cout.setf( ios::fixed, ios::floatfield );

cout << endl << b;

cout.setf( ios::scientific, ios::floatfield );

cout << endl << b;

b = 5.375;
cout.precision( 14 );

cout.setf( ios::fixed, ios::floatfield );

cout << endl << b;

cout.setf( ios::scientific, ios::floatfield );

cout << endl << b;

cout.unsetf( ios::showpoint );
cout.unsetf( ios::unitbuf );

return 0;
}

Sampled Output -

+52
0X34
064
+52
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur CPP Lab

Fill character 0
0000000+52
+520000000
+000000052

Dream. Then make it happend!

Dream. Then make it happend!000000000000
Precision+6
425.000
425
123.500328
1.235003E+002
5.37500000000000
5.37500000000000E+000
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur CPP Lab

Experiment No. – 25

Aim - Write a program to implement I/O operations on characters. I/O operations includes input a string,
length of string, store it in a file, fetching the stored characters from it, etc.

Code–

#include<iostream>
#include<fstream>
#include<string.h>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
char string[80];
cout<<"Enter a String \n";
cin>>string;
int len = strlen(string);

fstream file;
file.open("TEXT", ios::in | ios::out);

for(int i=0;i<len;i++)
file.put(string[i]);

file.seekg(0);

char ch;
while(file)
{
file.get(ch);
cout<<ch;
}
return 0;
}

Sampled Output – a text file will be created in present working directory

Enter a String
qwerty
qwerty
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur CPP Lab

Experiment No. – 26

Aim - Write a program to copy the contents of one file to another.

Code–

#include<fstream>
#include<iostream>
Using namespace std;

Int main( )
{
char source[ 67 ], target[ 67 ]; char ch;

cout << endl << "Enter source filename";

cin >> source;

cout << endl << "Enter target filename";

cin >> target;

ifstream infile ( source );

ofstream outfile ( target );

while(!infile.eof())
{
infile.get( ch );
outfile.put( ch );
}

Sampled output – text of source file will be copied in target file

Enter source filename - text.txt

Enter target filename - copy.txt

Department of Computer Science & Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur CPP Lab

Experiment No. – 27

Aim - Write a program to perform read/write binary I/O operation on a file (i.e. write the object of a
structure/class to file).

Code -

#include <fstream>
#include <iostream>
Using namespace std;

int main( )
{
struct employee
{
char name[ 20 ];
int age;
float basic;
float gross;
};

employee e;

char ch = 'Y';

ofstream outfile;
outfile.open( "EMPLOYEE.DAT", ios::out | ios::binary );

while( ch == 'Y' )
{
cout << endl << "Enter a record - name, age, basic salary, gross salary -";
cin >> e.name >> e.age >> e.basic >> e.gross;

outfile.write( ( char * )&e, sizeof( e ) );

cout << endl << "Add Another Y/N";

cin >> ch;
}

outfile.close( );

ifstream infile;
infile.open( "EMPLOYEE.DAT", ios::in | ios::binary );

cout << endl << "Name" << "\t" << "Age" << "\t" << "Basic" << "\t" << "Gross";
while( infile.read( ( char * )&e, sizeof( e ) ) )
{
cout << endl << e.name << "\t" << e.age << "\t" << e.basic << "\t" << e.gross;
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur CPP Lab

}
return 0;
}

Sampled output -

Enter a record - name, age, basic salary, gross salary -

aaa
34
4567
100678

Add Another Y/NY

Enter a record - name, age, basic salary, gross salary -bbb

45
6789
203456

Add Another Y/Nn

Name Age Basic Gross

aaa 34 4567 100678
bbb 45 6789 203456
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur CPP Lab

Experiment No. – 28

Aim - Write a program to maintain a elementary database of employees using files.

Code–

#include <windows.h>
#include <fstream>
#include <iostream>
#include <conio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <iomanip>
using namespace std;

void gotoxy(short x, short y)//gotoxy is turbo c specific function so we have to write own definition
{
COORD pos={x,y};
SetConsoleCursorPosition(GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE),pos);
}

class group
{
private:
struct person
{
char flag;
char empcode[ 5 ];
char name[ 40 ];
int age;
float sal;
} p;
fstream file;

public:
group( );
void addrec( );
void listrec( );
void modirec( );
void delrec( );
void recallrec( );
void packrec( );
void exit( );
};

int main( )
{
char choice;
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur CPP Lab

group g;

do
{
//clrscr();
system("cls");
gotoxy( 30, 10 );
cout << "1. Add records";
gotoxy( 30, 11 );
cout << "2. List records";
gotoxy( 30, 12 );
cout << "3. Modify records";
gotoxy( 30, 13 );
cout << "4. Delete records";
gotoxy( 30, 14 );
cout << "5. Recall records";
gotoxy( 30, 15 );
cout << "6. Pack records";
gotoxy( 30, 16 );
cout << "0. Exit";
gotoxy( 30, 18 );
cout << "Your Choice ? ";
cin >> choice;

//clrscr();
system("cls");

switch( choice )
{
case '1': g.addrec( ); break;
case '2': g.listrec( );break;
case '3': g.modirec( );break;
case '4': g.delrec( ); break;
case '5': g.recallrec( );break;
case '6': g.packrec( );break;
case '0': g.exit( ); break;
}
} while( choice !=’0’ );
return 0;
}

group::group( )
{

file.open( "emp.dat", ios::out|ios::binary|ios::in); // first out then binary then in, otherwise file won’t
open
if( !file )
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur CPP Lab

{
cout << endl << "Unable to open file";
exit( );
}
}

void group::addrec( )
{
char ch;
file.seekp( 0L, ios::end );

do
{
cout << endl << "Enter emp code, name, age & salary" << endl;
cin >> p.empcode >> p.name >> p.age >> p.sal;
p.flag =' ';
file.write( ( char * )&p, sizeof( p ) );
cout << "Add another record? (Y/N)";
cin >> ch;
} while( ch == 'Y' || ch == 'Y' );

void group::listrec( )
{
int j = 0,a;
file.seekg( 0L, ios::beg );

while( file.read( ( char * )&p, sizeof( p ) ) )

{
if( p.flag != '*' )
{
cout <<endl <<"Record#"<< j++<<
setw(6)<<p.empcode<<setw(20)<<p.name<<setw(4)<<p.age<<setw(9)<< p.sal;
}

file.clear( );
cout << endl << "Press any key......";
getch( );
}
}

void group::modirec( )
{
char code[ 5 ];
int count = 0;
long int pos;
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur CPP Lab

cout << "Enter employee code: ";

cin >> code;

file.seekg( 0L, ios::beg );

while( file.read( ( char * )&p, sizeof( p ) ) )
{
if( strcmp( p.empcode, code ) == 0 )
{
cout << endl << "Enter new record" << endl;
cin >> p.empcode >> p.name >> p.age;
p.flag = ' ';
pos = count * sizeof( p );
file.seekp( pos, ios::beg );
file.write( ( char * )&p, sizeof( p ) );
return;
}

count++;
}
cout << endl << "No employee in file with code = " << code;
cout << endl << "Press any key .....";
getch( );

file.clear( );
}

void group::delrec( )
{
char code[ 5 ];
long int pos;
int count = 0;
cout << "Enter employee code : ";
cin >> code;
file.seekg( 0L, ios::beg );

while( file.read( ( char * )&p, sizeof( p ) ) )

{
if( strcmp( p.empcode, code ) == 0 )
{
p.flag = '*';
pos = count * sizeof( p );
file.seekp( pos, ios::beg );
file.write( ( char * )&p, sizeof( p ) );
return;
}
count++;
}
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur CPP Lab

cout << endl << "No employee in file with code = " << code;
cout<<endl<<"Press any key ....";
getch( );
file.clear( );
}
void group::recallrec()
{
char code[ 5 ];
long int pos;
int count = 0;
cout << "Enter employee code: ";
cin >> code;
file.seekg( 0L, ios::beg );
while( file.read( ( char * )&p, sizeof( p ) ) )
{
if( strcmp( p.empcode, code ) == 0 )
{
p.flag = ' ';
pos = count * sizeof( p );
file.seekp( pos, ios::beg );
file.write( ( char * )&p, sizeof( p ) );
return;
}
count++;
}
cout << endl << "No employee in file with code = " << code;
cout << endl << "Press any key ....";
file.clear( );
}
void group::packrec( )
{
ofstream outfile;
outfile.open( "TEMP", ios::out );
file.seekg( 0, ios::beg );
while( file.read( ( char * )&p, sizeof( p ) ) )
{
if( p.flag != '*' )
outfile.write((char *)&p,sizeof(p));
}
outfile.close( ); file.close( );
remove( "EMP.dat" );
rename( "TEMP", "TEMP.dat" );
file.open( "EMP.dat", ios::binary | ios::in | ios::out /*| ios::nocreate*/ );
}
void group::exit( )
{
file.close( );
}
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur CPP Lab

Sampled Output –
1. Add records
2. List records
3. Modify records
4. Delete records
5. Recall records
6. Pack records
0. Exit

Your Choice ? 1

Enter emp code, name, age & salary

67
tyuyyuuii
56
345678
Add another record? (Y/N)n

Record#0 34 eee 45 4567

Press any key......
Record#1 333 ddd 34 456789
Press any key......
Record#2 34 rrr 43 4567
Press any key......
Record#3 23 rrr 23 4567
Press any key......
Record#4 67 ttt 56 345678
Press any key......
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur CPP Lab

Experiment No- 29

Aim - Write a Program for reading and writing data to and from the file using command line arguments.

Code -

#include<iostream>
#include<fstream>
#include<stdlib.h>
using namespace std;

int main(int argc, char *argv[])

{
int number[9] = {11,22,33,44,55,66,77,88,99};

if(argc!=3)
{
cout<<"argc="<<argc<<"\n";
cout<<"Error in arguments\n";
exit(1);
}

ofstream fout1, fout2;

fout1.open(argv[1]);

if(fout1.fail())
{
cout<<"Could not open the file:"
<<argv[1]<<"\n";
exit(1);
}

fout2.open(argv[2]);

if(fout2.fail())
{
cout<<"Could not open the file:"
<<argv[2]<<"\n";
exit(1);
}

for(int i=0; i<9; i++)

{
if(number[i] % 2 == 0)
fout2<<number[i]<<" ";
else
fout1<<number[i]<<" ";
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur CPP Lab

fout1.close();
fout2.close();

ifstream fin;

char ch;

for(i=1; i<argc; i++)

{
fin.open(argv[i]);
cout<<"Contents of "<<argv[i]<<"\n";
do
{
fin.get(ch);
cout<<ch;
}while(fin);
cout<<"\n\n";
fin.close();
}

return 0;
}

Note: - supply command line arguments - Execute -> parameters

Sampled Output –

Contents of text1.txt,
11 33 55 77 99

Contents of copy.txt
22 44 66 88
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur CPP Lab

Experiment No. – 30

Aim - Write a program showing implementation of stack class having the functionality of push, pop
operations.

Code -

#include <iostream>
#define MAX 10
using namespace std;

class stack
{
private:
int arr[ MAX ], top;
public:
stack( )
{
top = -1;
}
void push( int item )
{
if( top == MAX - 1 )
{
cout << endl << "Stack is full";
return;
}
top++;
arr[ top ] = item;
}
int pop( )
{
if( top == -1 )
{
cout << endl << "Stack is empty";
return NULL;
}
int data = arr[ top ];
top--;
return data;
}
} ;
int main( )
{
stack s;
s.push( 11 );
s.push( 12 );
s.push( 13 );
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur CPP Lab

s.push( 14 );
s.push( 15 );
s.push( 16 );
s.push( 17 );
s.push( 18 );
s.push( 19 );
s.push( 20 );
s.push( 21 );
int i = s.pop( ); cout << endl << "Item popped=" << i;
i = s.pop( ); cout << endl << "Item popped=" << i;
i = s.pop( ); cout << endl << "Item popped=" << i;
i = s.pop( ); cout << endl << "Item popped=" << i;
return 0;
}

Sampled output-

Stack is full
Item popped=20
Item popped=19
Item popped=18
Item popped=17
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur CPP Lab

Experiment No. – 31
Aim - Write program to implement a queue class with required operations/ functions.

Code -

#include <iostream>
#define MAX 10
using namespace std;
class queue
{

private:
int arr[ MAX ];
int front,
rear;

public:
queue( )
{
front = -1;
rear = -1;
}

void addq(int item)

{

if( rear == MAX - 1 )

{
cout << endl << "Queue is full";
return;
}
rear++;
arr[ rear ] = item;
if( front == -1 )
front = 0;
}

int delq( )
{
int data;
if( front == -1 )
{
cout << endl << "Queue is empty";
return NULL;
}

data = arr[ front ];

if( front == rear )
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur CPP Lab

front = rear = -1;

else
front++;

return data;
}
} ;

int main( )
{
queue a;
a.addq( 11 );
a.addq( 12 );
a.addq( 13 );
a.addq( 14 );
a.addq( 15 );
a.addq( 16 );
a.addq( 17 );
a.addq( 18 );
a.addq( 19 );
a.addq( 20 );
a.addq( 21 );

int i = a.delq( );
cout << endl << "Item deleted=" << i;

i = a.delq( );
cout << endl << "Item deleted=" << i;

i = a.delq( );
cout << endl << "Item deleted=" << i;

return 0;
}

Sampled output –

Queue is full

Item deleted=11

Item deleted=12

Item deleted=13
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur CPP Lab

Experiment No. – 32
Aim - Write a program to implement circular queue class with required operations/ functions.

Code –

#include <iostream>
#define MAX 10
using namespace std;

class queue
{

private:
int arr[ MAX ];
int front,
rear;
public:
queue( )
{
front = -1;
rear = -1;
}

void addq( int item )

{
if( ( rear == MAX - 1 && front == 0 )
|| ( rear + 1 == front ) )
{
cout << endl << "Queue is full";
return;
}

if( rear == MAX - 1 )

rear = 0;
else
rear = rear + 1;

arr[ rear ] = item;

if( front == -1 )
front = 0;
}

int delq( )
{
int data;

if( front == -1 )
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur CPP Lab

{
cout << endl << "Queue is empty";
return NULL;
}
else
{
data = arr[ front ];
if( front == rear )
{
front = -1;
rear = -1;
}
else
{
if( front == MAX - 1 )
front = 0;
else
front = front + 1;
}
return data;

}
}
} ;

int main( )
{
queue a;
a.addq( 11 );
a.addq( 12 );
a.addq( 13 );
a.addq( 14 );
a.addq( 15 );
a.addq( 16 );
a.addq( 17 );
a.addq( 18 );
a.addq( 19 );
a.addq( 20 );
a.addq( 21 );

int i = a.delq( );
cout << endl << "Item deleted=" << i;

i = a.delq( );
cout << endl << "Item deleted=" << i;

i = a.delq( );
cout << endl << "Item deleted=" << i;
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur CPP Lab

return 0;
}

Sampled output –

Queue is full

Item deleted=11

Item deleted=12

Item deleted=13
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur CPP Lab

Experiment No. – 33

Aim - Write a program implanting linked list as a class. Also perform some required operations like
inserting, deleting nodes & display the contents of entire linked list.

Code -

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class linklist
{
struct node
{
int data;
node * link;
} * p;

public:
linklist( );
void append( int num );
void addatbeg( int num );
void addafter( int c, int num );
void del( int num );
void display( );
int count( );
~linklist( );
} ;

linklist::linklist( )
{
p = NULL;
}

void linklist::append( int num )

{
node * q,
* t;
if( p == NULL )
{
p = new node;
p->data = num;
p->link = NULL;
}
else
{
q = p;
while( q->link != NULL )
q = q->link;
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur CPP Lab

t = new node;
t->data = num;
t->link = NULL;
q->link = t;
}
}

void linklist::addatbeg( int num )

{
node * q;
q = new node;
q->data = num;
q->link = p;
p = q;
}

void linklist::addafter( int c, int num )

{
node * q,
* t;
int i;
for( i = 0, q = p; i < c; i++ )
{
q = q->link;
if( q ==NULL )
{
cout << endl << "There are less than " << c << "element";
return;
}
}
t = new node;
t->data = num;
t->link = q->link;
q->link = t;
}

void linklist::del( int num )

{
node * q,
* r;
q = p;
if( q->data == num )
{
p = q->link;
delete q;
return;
}
r = q;
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur CPP Lab

while( q != NULL )
{
if( q->data == num )
{
r->link = q->link;
delete q;
return;
}
r = q;
q = q->link;
}
cout << endl << "Element" << num << "not found";
}

void linklist::display( )
{
node * q;
cout << endl;
for( q = p; q->link != NULL; q = q->link )
{
cout << endl << q->data;
}
}
int linklist::count( )
{
node * q;
int c = 0;
for( q = p; q != NULL; q = q->link )
c++;
return ( c );
}

linklist::~linklist( )
{
node * q;
if( p == NULL )
return;
while( p != NULL )
{
q = p->link;
delete p;
p = q;
}
}

int main( )
{
linklist ll;
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur CPP Lab

cout << endl << "No. of elements in linked list= " << ll.count( );
ll.append( 11 );
ll.append( 22 );
ll.append( 33 );
ll.append( 44 );
ll.append( 55 );

ll.addatbeg( 100 );
ll.addatbeg( 200 );
ll.addatbeg( 300 );

ll.addafter( 3, 333 );
ll.addafter( 6, 444 );

ll.display( );
cout << endl << "No. of element in linked list =" << ll.count( );

ll.del( 300 );
ll.del( 66 );
ll.del( 0 );

ll.display( );
cout << endl << "No. of element in linked list =" << ll.count( );

return 0;
}

Sampled Output -

No. of elements in linked list= 0

300
200
100
11
333
22
33
444
44
No. of element in linked list =10
Element 66 not found
Element 0 not found

200
100
11
333
22
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur CPP Lab

33
444
44
No. of element in linked list =9
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur CPP Lab

Experiment No. -34

Aim - Write a program implementing stack & its operations using dynamic memory allocation.

Code –

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
struct node
{
int data;
node * link;
} ;

class stack
{
private:
node * top;

public:
stack( )
{
top = NULL;
}

void push( int item )

{
node * temp;
temp = new node;
if( temp ==NULL )
cout << endl << "Stack is full";
temp->data = item;
temp->link = top;
top = temp;
}

int pop( )
{
if( top == NULL )
{
cout << endl << "Stack is empty";
return NULL;
}
node * temp;
int item;
temp = top;
item = temp->data;
top = top->link;
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur CPP Lab

delete temp;
return item;
}

~stack( )
{
if( top == NULL )
return;
node * temp;
while( top != NULL )
{
temp = top;
top = top->link;
delete temp;
}
}
} ;

int main( )
{
stack s;
s.push( 11 );
s.push( 12 );
s.push( 13 );
s.push( 14 );
s.push( 15 );
s.push( 16 );

int i = s.pop( );
cout << endl << "Item popped=" << i;

i = s.pop( );
cout << endl << "Item popped=" << i;

i = s.pop( );
cout << endl << "Item popped=" << i;

return 0;
}

Sample Output-

Item popped=16

Item popped=15

Item popped=14
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur CPP Lab

Experiment No. – 35

Aim - Write a program implementing Queue stack & its operations using dynamic memory allocation.

Code -

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

struct node
{
int data;
node * link;
} ;

class queue
{

private:
node * front,
* rear;
public:
queue( )
{
front = rear = NULL;
}

void addq( int item )

{
node * temp;
temp = new node;
if( temp == NULL )
cout << endl << "Queue is full";
temp->data = item;
temp->link = NULL;
if( front == NULL )
{
rear = front = temp;
return;
}
rear->link = temp;
rear = rear->link;
}

int delq( )
{
if( front == NULL )
{
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur CPP Lab

cout << endl << "queue is empty";

return NULL;
}
node * temp;
int item;
item = front->data;
temp = front;
front = front->link;
delete temp;
return item;
}

~queue( )
{
if( front == NULL )
return;
node * temp;
while( front != NULL )
{
temp = front;
front = front->link;
delete temp;
}

}
} ;

int main( )
{
queue a;
a.addq( 11 );
a.addq( 12 );
a.addq( 13 );
a.addq( 14 );
a.addq( 15 );
a.addq( 16 );
a.addq( 17 );

int i = a.delq( );
cout << endl << "Item extracted=" << i;

i = a.delq( );
cout << endl << "Item extracted=" << i;

i = a.delq( );
cout << endl << "Item extracted=" << i;
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur CPP Lab

return 0;
}

Sampled output –

Item extracted=11

Item extracted=12

Item extracted=13
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur CPP Lab

Experiment No. – 36

Aim - Write a program to implement Binary search tree using class and traverse the tree using any
traversal scheme. In addition to it the class must have capability to copy the contents from one tree to
another and compare the contents of two binary trees.

Code –

#include <iostream>
#define TRUE 1
#define FALSE 0
using namespace std;
class tree
{
private:
struct node
{
node * l;
int data;
node * r;
} * p;
public:
tree( );
void search( int n, int & found, node *& parent );
void insert( int n );
void traverse( );
void in( node * q );
void pre( node * q );
void post( node * q );
int operator ==( tree t );
int compare( node * pp, node * qq );
void operator =( tree t );
node * copy( node * q );
} ;

tree::tree( )
{
p = NULL;
}

void tree::search( int n, int & found, node *& parent )

{
node * q;
found = FALSE;
parent = TRUE;
if( p == NULL )
return;
q = p;
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur CPP Lab

while( q != NULL )
{
if( q->data == n )
{
found = TRUE;
return;
}
if( q->data > n )
{
parent = q;
q = q->l;
}
else
{
parent = q;
q = q->r;
}
}
}

void tree::insert( int n )

{
int found;
node * t,
* parent;
search( n, found, parent );
if( found == TRUE )
cout << endl << "Such a node already exist";
else
{
t = new node;
t->data = n;
t->l = NULL;
t->r = NULL;
if( parent == NULL )
p = t;
else
parent->data > n?parent->l:parent->r = t;
}
}

void tree::traverse( )
{
int choice;
cout << endl << "q.Inorder" << endl << "2. Preorder" << endl
<< "3. Postorder" << endl << "4. Your choice ";
cin >> choice;
switch( choice )
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur CPP Lab

{
case 1:
in( p );
break;
case 2:
pre( p );
break;
case 3:
post( p );
break;
}
}

void tree::in( node * q )

{
if( q != NULL )
{
in( q->l );
cout << "\t" << q->data;
in( q->r );
}
}
void tree::pre( node * q )
{
if( q != NULL )
{
cout << "\t" << q->data;
pre( q->l );
pre( q->r );
}
}

void tree::post( node * q )

{
if( q != NULL )
{
post( q->l );
post( q->r );
cout << "\t" << q->data;
}
}

int tree::operator ==( tree t )

{
int flag;
flag = compare( p, t.p );
return ( flag );
}
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur CPP Lab

int tree::compare( node * pp, node * qq )

{
static int flag;
if( ( pp == NULL ) && ( qq != NULL ) )
{
if( ( pp != NULL ) && ( qq != NULL ) )
{
if( pp->data != qq->data )
flag = FALSE;
else
{
compare( pp->l, qq->l );
compare( qq->r, qq->r );
}
}
}
return ( flag );
}

void tree::operator =( tree t )

{
p = copy( t.p );
}

tree::node * tree::copy( node * q )

//node tree:: * copy( node * q )

{
if( q != NULL )
{
t = new node;
t->data = q->data;
t->l = copy( q->l );
t->r = copy( q->r );
return ( t );
}
else
return ( NULL );
}

int main( )
{
tree tt, ss;
int i, num;

for( i = 0; i <= 6; i++ )

{
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur CPP Lab

cout << endl << "Enter the data for the node to be inserted";
cin >> num;
tt.insert( num );
}

tt.traverse( );
ss = tt;
ss.traverse( );

if( ss == tt )
cout << endl << "Trees are equal";
else
cout << endl << "Trees are not equal";

return 0;
}
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur CPP Lab

Experiment No. – 37

Aim - Write a program to implement the exception handling with multiple catch statements.

Code –

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

void test(int x)
{
try
{
if(x==1)
throw x;
else
if(x==0)
throw 'x';
else
if(x==-1)
throw 1.0;
cout<<"End of try-black\n";
}

catch(char c)
{
cout<<"Caught a Character\n";
}

catch(int c)
{
cout<<"Caught an Integer\n";
}

catch(double c)
{
cout<<"Caught a Double\n";
}

cout<<"End of try-catch system\n";

}

int main()
{
cout<<"Testing Multiple Catches\n";
cout<<"x==1\n";
test(1);
cout<<"x==0\n";
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur CPP Lab

test(0);
cout<<"x==2\n";
test(2);

return 0;
}

Sample Output –
Testing Multiple Catches
x==1
Caught an Integer
End of try-catch system
x==0
Caught a Character
End of try-catch system
x==2
End of try-black
End of try-catch system
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur CPP Lab

Experiment No – 38

Aim - Write a program to implement the exception handling with rethrowing in exception.

Code -

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

void divide(double x, double y)

{
cout<<"Inside Function\n";
try
{
if(y==0.0)
throw y;
else
cout<<"Division ="<<x/y<<"\n";
}

catch(double)
{
cout<<"Caught double inside function\n";
throw;
}

cout<<"End of Function\n";
}

int main()
{
cout<<"Inside Main\n";
try
{
divide(10.5,2.0);
divide(20.0,0.0);
}

catch(double)
{
cout<<"Caught double inside main\n";
}

cout<<"End of Main\n";

return 0;
}
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur CPP Lab

Sample Output –

Inside Main
Inside Function
Division =5.25
End of Function
Inside Function
Caught double inside function
Caught double inside main
End of Main
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur CPP Lab

Experiment No. – 39

Aim - Write a program to implement the exception handling with the functionality of testing the throw
restrictions.

Code -

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

void test(int x) throw(int, double)

{
if(x==0)
throw 'x';
else
if(x == 1)
throw x;
else
if(x == -1)
throw 1.0;
cout<<"End of Function Block\n";
}

int main()
{
try
{
cout<<"Testing Throw Restrictions\n";
cout<<"x == 0\n";
test(0);
cout<<"x == 1\n";
test(1);
cout<<"x == -1\n";
test(-1);
cout<<"x == 2\n";
test(2);
}
catch(char c)
{
cout<<"Caught a Character\n";
}

catch(int m)
{
cout<<"Caught an Integer\n";
}

catch(double d)
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur CPP Lab

{
cout<<"Caught a Double\n";
}

cout<<"End of Try-catch system\n";

return 0;
}

Sampled Output –

Testing Throw Restrictions

x == 0
terminate called after throwing an instance of 'char'
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur CPP Lab

Experiment No. – 40

Aim - Write a program implementing stack and its operations using template class.

Code –

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

const int MAX = 10;

template<class T>class stack

{
private:
T stk[ MAX ];
int top;

public:
stack( )
{
top = -1;
}
void push( T data )
{
if( top == MAX - 1 )
cout << endl << "Stack is full";
else
{
top++;
stk[ top ] = data;
}
}

T pop( )
{
if( top == -1 )
{
cout << endl << "Stack is empty";
return NULL;
}
else
{
T data = stk[ top ];
top--;
return data;
}
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur CPP Lab

}
} ;

class complex
{
private:
float real, imag;

public:
complex( float r = 0.0, float i = 0.0 )
{
real = r;
imag = i;
}
friend ostream & operator <<( ostream & o, complex & c );
} ;

ostream & operator <<( ostream & o, complex & c )

{
o << c.real << "\t" << c.imag;
return o;
}

int main( )
{
stack< int > s1;
s1.push( 10 );
s1.push( 20 );
s1.push( 30 );

cout << endl << s1.pop( );

cout << endl << s1.pop( );
cout << endl << s1.pop( );

stack< float > s2;

s2.push( 3.14 );
s2.push( 6.28 );
s2.push( 8.98 );

cout << endl << s2.pop( );

cout << endl << s2.pop( );
cout << endl << s2.pop( );

complex c1 ( 1.5, 2.5 ), c2 ( 3.5, 4.5 ), c3 ( -1.5, -0.6 );

stack< complex > s3;

Department of Computer Science & Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur CPP Lab

s3.push( c1 );
s3.push( c2 );
s3.push( c3 );

cout << endl << s3.pop( );

cout << endl << s3.pop( );
cout << endl << s3.pop( );
return 0;
}

Sampled Output –

30
20
10
8.98
6.28
3.14
-1.5, -0.6
3.5, 4.5
1.5, 2.5
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur CPP Lab

Experiment No. – 41

Aim - Write a program implementing linked list & some required operations on it using class template.

Code -

#include <string.h>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class emp
{
private:
char name[ 20 ];
int age;
float sal;

public:
emp( char * n = "", int a = 0, float s = 0.0 )
{
strcpy( name, n );
age = a;
sal = s;
}

friend ostream & operator <<( ostream & s, emp & e );

} ;
ostream operator <<( ostream & s, emp & e )
{
cout << e.name << "\t" << e.age << "\t" << e.sal;
return s;
}

template<class T>class linklist

{
private:
struct node
{
T data;
node * link;
} * p;

public:
linklist( );
~linklist( );
void append( T );
void addatbeg( T );
void addafter( int, T );
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur CPP Lab

void del( int );

void display( );
int count( );
} ;

template<class T> linklist< T >::linklist( )

{
p = NULL;
}

template<class T> linklist< T >::~linklist( )

{
node * t;
while( p != NULL )
{
t = p;
p = p->link;
delete t;
}
}

template<class T> void linklist< T >::append( T num )

{
node * q, * t;
if( p == NULL )
{
p = new node;
p->data = num;
p->link = NULL;
}
else
{
q = p;
while( q->link != NULL )
q = q->link;
t = new node;
t->data = num;
t->link = NULL;
q->link = t;
}
}

template<class T> void linklist< T >::addatbeg( T num )

{
node * q;
q = new node;
q->data = num;
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur CPP Lab

q->link = p;
p = q;
}

template<class T> void linklist< T >::addafter( int c, T num )

{
node * q, * t;
int i;

for( i = q, q = p; i <= c; i++ )

{
q = q->link;
if( q == NULL )
{
cout << endl << "There are less than" << c << "element";
return;
}
}

t = new node;
t->data = num;
t->link = q->link;
q->link = t;
}

template<class T> void linklist< T >::del( int n )

{
node * q, * r;
int i = 1;
q = p;
if( n == 1 )
{
p = q->link;
delete q;
return;
}
r = q;
while( q != NULL )
{
if( i == n )
{
r->link = q->link;
delete q;
return;
}
r = q;
q = q->link;
i++;
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur CPP Lab

}
cout << endl << "Element" << n << "not found";
}

template<class T> void linklist< T >::display( )

{
node * q;
cout << endl;
for( q = p; q != NULL; q = q->link )
cout << q->data << endl;
}

template<class T> int linklist< T >::count( )

{
node * q;
int c = 0;
for( q = p; q != NULL; q = q->link )
c++;
return ( c );
}

int main( )
{
linklist< int > l1;
cout << endl << "No. of elements in linked list = " << l1.count( );

l1.append( 11 );
l1.append( 22 );
l1.append( 33 );
l1.append( 44 );
l1.append( 55 );
l1.append( 66 );

l1.addatbeg( 100 );
l1.addatbeg( 200 );

l1.addafter( 3, 333 );
l1.addafter( 4, 444 );

l1.display( );

cout << endl << "No. of elements in linked list=" << l1.count( );

l1.del( 200 );
l1.del( 66 );
l1.del( 0 );
l1.del( 333 );
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur CPP Lab

l1.display( );

cout << endl << "no. of elements in linked list = " << l1.count( );
linklist< emp > l2;

cout << endl << "No. of elements in linked list = " << l2.count( );

emp e1 ( "Sanjay", 23, 1100.00 );

emp e2 ( "Rahul", 33, 3500.00 );
emp e3 ( "Rakesh", 24, 2400.00 );
emp e4 ( "Sanket", 25, 2500.00 );
emp e5 ( "Sandeep", 26, 2600.00 );

l2.append( e1 );
l2.append( e2 );
l2.append( e3 );
l2.append( e4 );
l2.append( e5 );

l2.display( );

l2.del( 3 );
l2.display( );

cout << endl << "No. of elements in linked list = " << l2.count( );
l2.addatbeg( e5 );
l2.display( );

l2.addafter( 3, e1 );
l2.display( );

cout << endl << "No. of elements in linked list = " << l2.count( );

return 0;
}

Sampled output -
No. of elements in linked list= 0
200
100
11
333
444
22
33
44
No. of element in linked list =8
Element 66 not found
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur CPP Lab

Element 0 not found

200
100
11
444
22
33
44
No. of element in linked list =7

No. of element in linked list =0

Sanjay 23 1100.00
Rahul 33 3500.00
Rakesh 242400.00
Sanket 25 2500.00
Sandeep262600.00

Sanjay 23 1100.00
Rahul 33 3500.00
Sanket 25 2500.00
Sandeep262600.00
No. of element in linked list =4

Sandeep262600.00
Sanjay 23 1100.00
Rahul 33 3500.00
Sanket 25 2500.00
Sandeep262600.00

Sandeep262600.00
Sanjay 23 1100.00
Rahul 33 3500.00
Sanjay 23 1100.00
Sanket 25 2500.00
Sandeep262600.00

No. of element in linked list =6