Kidapawan City National High School

Science, Technology and Engineering Program

Roxas St., Kidapawan City

AgosAlalay: An Iot-Enabled Flood Alert Device with Real-Time SMS

Notifications

A Research Study Presented to the Faculty and Staff of

Kidapawan City National High School
Kidapawan City

In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for Research 4 in

Science, Technology and Engineering Curriculum

Jala, Iana Carmina C.

Mission, Ann Kathlyn Nicole S.
Odquier, Andrei Jelo C.

March 2025
j
 Kidapawan City National High School
Science, Technology and Engineering Program
Roxas St., Kidapawan City

APPROVAL SHEET

The Investigatory Project entitled, “AgosAlalay: An Iot-Enabled Flood Alert

Device with Real-Time SMS Notifications”, prepared and submitted by JALA,
IANA CARMINA C., MISSION, ANN KATHLYN NICOLE S., ODQUIER, ANDREI
JELO C., in partial fulfilment for the degree of SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND
ENGINEERING PROGRAM has been examined and has been hereby
recommended for approval and acceptance.

_________________ _________________
Examining Committee Member Examining Committee Member
_________________ ________________
Date Date

Accepted as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Science, Technology, and
Engineering

__________________________
Coordinator, Science, Technology and Engineering Department
_____________
Date

ROSALINDA T. LONZAGA, Ph.D.

Principal IV
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABSTRACT……………………………………………………………………………………………………….4

INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………………………………………………………4

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE………………………………………………………………………..5

MATERIALS AND METHODS……………………………………………………………………………..….10

RESULTS AND ANALYSIS………………………………………………………………………………..…..16

DISCUSSION………………………………………………………………………………………………...…..20

CONCLUSION……………………………………………………………………………………………………22

RECOMMENDATION……………………………………………………………………………………………23

REFERENCES……………………………………………………………………………………………….......24

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS……………………………………………………………………………………....25

APPENDIX (Forms)……………………………………………………………………………………………...26

APPENDIX (Research Plan)…………………………………………………………………………………...32

APPENDIX (Pictures)…………………………………………………………………………………………...40

APPENDIX D (Cost Analysis)………………………………………………………………………….………41

CURRICULUM VITAE……………………………………………………………………………………………42
 Kidapawan City Division

Research Article
AgosAlalay: An Iot-Enabled Flood Alert Device with Real-Time SMS
Notifications

Jala, Iana Carmina C., Mission, Ann Kathlyn Nicole S., Odquier, Andrei Jelo C.
Kidapawan City National High School, Science Technology and Engineering Program, Kidapawan City
Philippines

Abstract

A flood happens when a normally dry land is overflowed by water (Boudreau

et al., 2023). It is a major natural disaster that greatly affects human life; one of the
most serious impacts of a flood is the loss of life. Whether from drowning or injuries
from flowing objects (Eslamian et al., 2022). Many countries have implemented Flood
Alarm Systems or Flood Warning Systems (FWS) to reduce the number of fatalities
and property losses by alerting residents in flood-prone areas to leave and secure
their belongings (Goodwin, 2012).AgosAlalay provides a practical and affordable
answer to the growing issue of flooding. Residents are alerted by this flood warning
system via social media posts, particularly on Facebook, and SMS messages. The
device's two primary sensors are the water level sensor, JSNSR04t, and the water
flow sensor, YF-S201. Additionally, it is accompanied by a manual override
AgosAlalay app. The purpose of this device is to assist the government and the
people in addressing flood-related issues by providing early warnings of impending
floods. The researcher collaborated with the local DRRM and consulted one of its
technicians. The researcher also consulted an Engineer at the local division’s office
for the calibration of the sensors and its programming.

Keywords: Flood, Flood Detection, SMS, Flow Rate, Water Level

Introduction
Flooding is a devastating natural disaster, wreaking havoc on homes,
infrastructure, and the delicate balance of our ecosystems (Mohammad, A. F., 2021).
Due to urbanization and climate change, floods are occurring more frequently and
with greater intensity, necessitating the use of early warning systems and efficient
flood monitoring. Especially in rural locations, traditional flood alert systems
frequently lack accessibility and real-time capabilities. The creation of "AgosAlalay,"
an Arduino Uno-based flood alarm device intended to deliver real-time flood alerts

4
via SMS notifications, is examined in this paper. This innovative device entices
communities to proactively respond to the threat of flooding, saving lives and
minimizing the impact of these natural disasters.

This project aimed to improve flood preparedness and response, especially in

underserved or vulnerable populations, by utilizing accessible and affordable
technologies. (“ScienceDirect”, 2021). The systems in place may not offer real-time
alerts or are too costly to be widely used. The device allows prompt evacuations and
lessens the damage caused by flooding. Additionally, it intends to provide a useful
tool for flood-prone locations, especially where traditional solutions are impractical,
by utilizing Arduino Uno and SMS technology.

The researcher aimed to address several questions regarding the functionality

and effectiveness of AgosAlalay, an IoT-enabled flood alert device with real-time
SMS notifications. Specifically, the researchers aimed to answer the following
questions:

● What is the accuracy of the measurements provided by the water flow sensor

in different water levels?

● What is the accuracy of the measurements provided by the water level

sensor?

● What is the average duration required for the SMS alarm to transmit a

message to the authorities following the detection of a flood by the water level
sensor and water flow sensor?

● What is the average duration required for the device to generate a Facebook

post after the water level sensor and water flow sensor detect a flood?

● Will the manual override app activate the alert system upon pressing the

button?

● Will the device provide specific warnings to the residents and authorities on

the severity of the upcoming flood?

Review of Related Literature

Flood

A flood happens when normally dry land is overflowed by water (Boudreau et

al., 2023). It is a major natural disaster that greatly affects human life; one of the
most serious impacts of a flood is the loss of life. Whether from drowning or injuries
from flowing objects (Eslamian et al., 2022). Tropical Storm Yagi, locally known as
Enteng, which flooded the province of Aurora, Philippines, killed 14 people (Gomez,
2024). Illnesses caused by floodwaters are also common; this includes diarrhea,
cholera, and malaria (Eslamian et al., 2022). Riverine floods are the most common
way a flood might develop. This is when rivers or streams overflow their
banks.These are caused by dam breaking, heavy rain, rapid ice melt, etc. (Boudreau
et al., 2023). With that, people near rivers, densely populated areas, and people
living in low areas are at risk of flood. (“Severe Weather 101: Flood Basics”, 2022).

Riverine floods have no set average speed since several variables can
influence how quickly the water flows—elements including the size, grade, and
blockage of the river. Nonetheless, research indicates that floods in low-gradient
rivers may proceed more slowly than those in larger, steeper rivers or flash floods.
For instance, the speed of water in rivers during normal flow can range from 1-5 mph
(approximately 1.5-8 feet per second), but floods can significantly increase this
speed depending on the volume of water and terrain. The emphasis is typically on
Sustained flow and volume rather than peak velocity for riverine floods, which
frequently continue longer than flash floods. Because of the steep gradients and
quick water accumulation, flash floods usually occur significantly more quickly, with
velocities that can reach or surpass 9 feet per second (National Geographic).

The process by which a river transports buildup downstream is known as

transportation. Because the water moves quickly and can carry heavier and larger
sediments, higher gradient rivers can move accumulation more easily. Low-gradient
rivers, on the other hand, cause the water to flow more gently, which lowers the
river's ability to carry sediments downstream. This may result in sediment deposition
and the creation of sandbanks and river deltas.

The process of releasing the sediment it has been transporting is known as

deposition. This is the result of a slowing river flow, which is more likely to occur in
regions with a mild gradient. Over time, the deposited sediment may accumulate to
create a variety of geomorphic structures, including deltas, levees, and floodplains
(TutorChase, n.d).

Flood Detecting Device

Of all the natural disasters that occur globally, flooding is the most common
and expensive in terms of alleviation. As stated by Simonovic (2012), there are
several tactics and approaches utilized in today's world to deal with flood threats and
disasters. Although some damage still happens, many countries have implemented
Flood Alarm Systems or Flood Warning Systems (FWS) to reduce the number of
fatalities and property losses by alerting residents in flood-prone areas to leave and
secure their belongings (Goodwin, 2012). A robot determines a flood scientifically by
measuring water level above established thresholds using pressure transducers,
ultrasonic sensors, and abnormal water flow rates. These measurements are
integrated through hydrological models like stage-discharge relationships and the
Manning equation. The detection algorithm triggers when measurements exceed
site-specific thresholds determined through the statistical analysis of historical data
(Rika Sensor n.d.).
Mango Ripening

According to Ashwin Bhadri (n.d), calcium carbide is the leading chemical

used in this process. “Pouches of calcium carbide are placed with mangoes. When
this chemical comes in contact in moisture, acetylene gas is produced, effects of
which are similar to ethylene, the one that is naturally used for fruit ripening process.”

One way to seed up the ripening process of the mango is by putting it in a

ventilated wooden or cardboard box with lots of hay. This is how mangoes are
originally sold in India. A lazy way to ripen a mango is in the microwave by first
poking the mango using a knife in 4-5 places to help the steam escape. Then wrap
the mango in a small towel and place it in the microwave for 10 seconds (Goodman,
2016).

Water Sensor
 JSN-SR04 is a waterproof ultrasonic sensor that can be connected to Arduino
Uno (MakerGuides, 2021). A wireless water detection sensor notifies property
owners when it detects flooding or water. It consists of a wireless transmitter and a
water- detection sensor (Keithley, 2024). It has two channels: the trigger and the
echo channel.
The trigger channel sends out sound waves, and while the echo pin receives
the soundwaves, the time it takes for the soundwaves to bounce back is used to
calculate how far the water is from the sensor. The sensor can detect movement
from 25 cm to 450 cm away from the sensor. It has a cable of 2.5m to separate the
waterproof probe from the non-waterproof board. (HowtoElectronics, 2020).

Water Flow Sensor

The water flow sensor (YF-S201) is modified and used to measure the river's
flow rate in cubic meters. It is accompanied by a turbine which triggers the rotor
along with the hall effect sensor. As water passes the rotor and the rotor spins, it
induces a voltage that is measured by the Hall effect sensor. Then, the change in the
water flow shall be observed in the motor. The water flow sensor can be used with
hot water, cold water, warm water, clean water, and dirty water. (ElProCus, 2021)
Water level indicators come in two primary types: contact and non-contact.
Contact sensors physically touch the water to measure its level, while non-
contact sensors use remote methods like microwaves or sound waves to determine
the water level without direct contact. (“Water Level Measurement, Sensors,
Monitoring Applications,” n.d.) This device utilizes non-contact sensors, although it is
waterproof.

IoT
The Internet of Things (IoT) is the network of physical objects—
devices,instruments, vehicles, buildings, and other items embedded with electronics,
circuits, software, sensors, and network connectivity that enables these objects to
collect and exchange data. The Internet of Things allows objects to be sensed and
controlled remotely across existing network infrastructure, creating opportunities for
more direct integration of the physical world into computer-based systems and
resulting in improved efficiency and accuracy (IARJSET, 2018). The Internet of
Things (IoT) is basically a system for connecting computer devices, mechanical and
digital machines, objects, or individuals provided with the unique system (UIDs) and
without transfer to transmit data over an ability human-to-human or computer-to-
human relation. Another thing on the internet is that the items in the IoT are
connected with humans and computers to which internet protocol addresses can be
assigned and which can transfer data over the network or another man-made object
(Laghari et al., 2021).

IFTTT
If This Then That is a web service that acts like glue, as it connects one web
service to another. This concept is called recipes, where two services are combined
to perform a task. For instance, IFTTT can be used to integrate Google Sheets and
Facebook posts (Ovadia, S.).

Thunkable
Thunkable is a drag-and-drop, no-code app development tool that makes it
possible to create cross-platform iOS and Android apps. To make adding more
complex features easier, it has a visual interface, real-time testing, and connections
with services like Stripe, Firebase, and Google Maps. The platform saves time and
work by providing pre-built templates for different kinds of apps. Thunkable's robust
community support and affordable plans, which include a free option for simple apps,
make it both accessible to novices and effective for seasoned developers looking to
create scalable and useful apps (Thunkable 2024).

Water Level
A body of water's water level is the height at which its surface reaches ("NWS
High Water Level Terminology", 2019). The Standard of Critical River Levels defines
a danger level as the height of the river water that is on the verge of overflowing
(Ahmad, NA, and Silby, 2014). The 'normal' range in a water level is calculated using
an average of past measurements and other local factors. An alarming water level is
the height at which the water's height approaches or reaches the lowest house near
the river.
Water Flow
The volume of water flowing across a river is referred to as its flow (Saffer and
Arthur, 2014). The average flow rate of several rivers may vary. Topography, slope,
and other characteristics are some of the contributing elements to the difference in
water now ("How fast are rivers?", 2020). Finding the average depth, width, and
velocity of a river and multiplying all of these data can be used to determine the
river's normal water flow ("WORLD RIVERS", 2014). A river that is moderately rapid
travels at about 5 km/h, while a river that is fast because of flooding travels at a pace
of more than 25 km/h, according to "How fast are rivers?" (2020).

Warning Levels
When PAGASA gives a yellow advisory, residents in affected areas should
continue monitoring their weather conditions. Flooding for low-lying areas is possible.
This means torrential rainfall of more than 30 mm in an hour is observed and is
expected to continue for the next 2 hours. This equates to 8 gallons of rain per
square meter per hour. Continuous rainfall of about 65mm for 3 hours can also
prompt Pagasa to give this advisory. When Pagasa gives a red advisory, severe
flooding in low-lying areas is expected, and residents should start evacuating. When
PAGASA gives a yellow advisory, residents in affected areas should stay cautious in
monitoring their weather conditions in low-lying areas (PAGASA, 2020).

Materials and Methods

Materials Quantity

Arduino-Uno 1pc
SMS module 1pc
Water Ultrasonic sensor 1pc
Buck Converter 1pc
Switch 1pc
BMS 1pc
NEMA 3R 1pc
Water level sensor 1pc

Procedure
Gathering and Purchasing of Materials

All items were sourced from local stores in Kidapawan City. The components
used include an Arduino Uno, SMS module, water ultrasonic sensor, water flow
sensor, batteries, BMS, buck converter, and switch.

Assembling the device

In assembling the device, a solar panel is connected to a charge controller

and a battery management system (BMS) to provide a sustainable power source,
with a buck converter regulating voltage for the components. An Arduino Uno acts as
the microcontroller, integrating a water flow sensor and a waterproof ultrasonic
sensor to monitor environmental conditions. An SMS module is included for
communication to send SMS alerts based on sensor data, while a switch allows
manual control to power the device on or off. This setup is designed for efficient and
autonomous operation, making it suitable for applications like flood monitoring or
water management. It is ensured that all connections are secure and safe for final
tests to verify the communication between the transmitter, SMS module, and IFTTT,
ensuring that the entire system operates seamlessly.
 Figure 1. AgosAlalay: An Arduino Uno-Based Flood Alert Robot with Real-Time SMS Notifications
(Diagram of Connections)

Figure 2. AgosAlalay: An Arduino Uno-Based Flood Alert Robot with Real-Time SMS Notifications
(Outside View)

SMS

The device used one SMS module housed in a case along with the other
components and mounted with brackets on the bridge's underside or attached to the
stand.
 Figure 3. AgosAlalay: An Arduino Uno-Based Flood Alert Robot with Real-Time SMS Notifications
(Inside View)

Alert System

The alert system showcased a flood monitoring and communication setup that
combines sensor data, manual control, and automated notifications. Water flow and
waterproof ultrasonic sensors feed real-time data to the central control unit,
"AgosAlalay," which processes the information and triggers alerts as to how it is
programmed. A manual override app allowed users to initiate alerts as needed. The
system notifies authorities directly for emergency response. The system used a
phone server to integrate with IFTTT (If This Then That), automating public updates
Such as Facebook posts. This streamlined approach ensured timely alerts to both
officials and the public, enhancing flood preparedness and response

Figure 4. AgosAlalay: An Arduino Uno-Based Flood Alert Robot with Real-Time SMS
Notifications (Diagram of the Mechanism)

Testing Device Attributes

 After completing the device, its features were tested for functionality,
efficiency, and effectiveness according to the set objectives. The water level sensor
was tested by varying its height above the river to observe its response to changes
in water level. The average flow rate of the Nuangan River was used as a
comparison for the accuracy of the water flow sensor. Afterward, it was also
observed whether it would recognize changes in water flow before and during rain.
Lastly, the AgosAlalay Apps functionality was tested by verifying if the manual
override successfully triggered the alert system of the device.

Making of the app

The AgosAlalay Manual Override App empowers users to control the flood
alert system, acting as a safety net in critical situations. When a person already sees
a flood incoming, they can press the alert button, and the device will double-check if
the sensors meet the values that show that a flood is incoming or present. The app
features a list of AgosAlalay device locations which allows users to easily.Search
and select the specific river system where they need to trigger an alert. For
enhanced situational awareness, the app integrates with Google Maps, providing a
visual representation of the device's location. Furthermore, the app displays the real-
time status of the river at the device's location, using color-coded sensor parameters
– red for high risk, orange for moderate risk, and yellow for unusual levels – to
provide clear and immediate insights into the flood threat.
 Figure 5 and 6. AgosAlalay App: Manual Override (Splash screen and Search bar)

Figure 7, 8, and 9. AgosAlalay App: Manual Override (Example Location)

Risk and Safety

To ensure safety. The batteries provided power to the system, and it was
critical to ensure that no short circuits or exposed wires could pose a shock hazard.
A protective casing was used for the transmitter unit to prevent accidental contact
with live electrical components. As the device was designed to monitor water levels
and detect flooding, all electronic components, including the Arduino Uno, sensors,
and wiring, were carefully waterproofed using waterproof enclosures. Waterproof
tapes were applied at connection points to avoid damage caused by water exposure
during flood conditions

Results and Analysis

Table 1. Accuracy of Agosalalay’s Water Flow Detection

Tri Water Flow Reading Average Difference % of
al by the Device Calculated Accuracy
Water flow

1 0.429m3 0.430m3 0.001 99.77%

2 0.437 m3 0.430m3 0.007 98.37%

 3 0.447m3 0.430m3 0.017 96.05%

4 0.436m3 0.430m3 0.006 98.60%

5 0.433m3 0.430m3 0.003 99.30%

Average Accuracy 98.418%

Table 1 states that the average accuracy is 98.418%. On trial 1, it showed

99.77%, 98.37%on trial 2, 96.05% on trial 3, 98.60%on trial 4, and 99.30% on trial 5.
The table interprets that the water flow sensor is highly accurate in measuring the
river's flow rate. Although the accuracy is not 100% that consistent, the difference is
still not significant. One major factor of the device’s alert system is the accuracy of
the water flow sensor. To test it, the researcher utilized the standard method of
measuring the average water flow which is called the “Float Method”. This technique
works best in streams with calm water and during favorable weather conditions as
the float may not move as quickly in the event of excessive wind or a rough water
surface. To determine the water flow, the average water velocity, measured in
meters per second, the average width and depth of the water body, both measured
in meters are multiplied. This calculation gives you the water flow in cubic meters
(“WATER 3.ESTIMATES OF WATER FLOW,” 2018.). For this case, the calculated
water flow of the river is 0.112m3. The result is then compared to the readings of the
sensor in cubic meters

Table 2. Accuracy of Agosalalay’s Water Level Detection

Tri Standard Water Level Reading by Differenc % of
al Water Level the Device e Accuracy

1 6cm 5.58cm 0.02 99.67%

2 6cm 5.96cm 0.04 99.33%

3 6cm 5.78cm 0.22 96.33%

 4 6cm 5.90cm 0.10 98.33%

5 6cm 5.57cm 0.03 92.83%

Average Accuracy 97.30%

Table 2 presents how accurate the water sensor was in detecting water
levels. For trial 1 the device garnered 99.67% of accuracy, 99.33% of accuracy for
trial 2, 96.33% for trial 3, 98.33% for trial 4, 92.83% of accuracy for trial 5. Earning
the average of 97.30% of accuracy. Water level monitoring has been done for many
years already, normally done manually, with professionals being sent to study a
river's height, whether it is rising at an alarming rate or the water is reducing
alarmingly.

Table 3. Number of seconds it took to send an alert from the AgosAlalay via SMS
Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Trial 4 Trial 5 Averag
e
TIM 5.62 5.73 5.79 5.82 5.75 5.742
E
secs. secs. secs. secs. secs. secs.

Table 3 presents how long it took the AgosAlalay to transmit alert messages
from the SMS. In trial 1 it took AgosAlalay 5.62 seconds. In trial 2, it took 5.73
seconds. In trial 3 it took 5.79 seconds. In trial 4 it took 5.82 seconds. And in trial 5 it
took 5.75 seconds. It has a mean of 5.742 seconds to transmit messages. As shown
in the table there are no specific intervals of the time AgosAlalay will send the alert
message as the time varies depending on the signal of the service provider.

Table 4. Duration required for the device to generate a Facebook post after the water
level sensor and water flow sensor detects a flood

Water Level and Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Trial 4 Trial 5 Average

water flow

Time 31.37 23.13 37.25 35.69 34.55 32.398

 secs. secs. secs. secs. secs. secs.

Table 4 highlights how long it will take for AgosAlalay to generate a Facebook
post. On trial 1 AgosAlalay took 31.37 seconds to generate a Facebook post as it
reached its conditions. For trial 2 it generated 23.13 seconds, for trial 3, 37.25
seconds, for trial 4, 5.67 seconds, and for trial 5, it generated 5.43 seconds.

Garnering an average of 6.098 seconds. Similar to the SMS data, this table
interprets that the amount of time AgosAlalay will generate a post may vary
depending on the condition of the service provider's signal

Table 5. Testing the AgosAlalay app

Manual override Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Trial 4 Trial 5
app

Function Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

As shown in Table 5, the AgosAlalay app successfully turned on the alert

system in all 5 trials. This was done by pressing the manual override button in the
AgosAlalay App while the flood sensor values were met. Owing to this, the app is
ready to use in real-time situations when there is a need to trigger the alert
system.Table 2.1. Firmness of the mango in Treatment 1

Table 6. Testing AgosAlalay in alerting in different severity of a flood

Severity of the Trial Trial 2 Trial 3 Trial 4 Trial 5
flood 1

Yellow Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Orange Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Red Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

 Table 6 shows that AgosAlalay successfully provided specific warnings on the
severity of a flood. As shown in this table, the device managed to send an SMS alert
according to the severity of the flood categorized in yellow, orange, red. With all the
trials being successful, it is guaranteed that the nearby community or the vulnerable
people who are near the river will be alerted immediately.

Discussion

Table 1 presented the accuracy of AgosAlalay’s water level detection. Table 1

shows how the device's water level sensor works on trial 1 it showed 99.77%,
96.37% on trial 2, 96.05% on trial 3, 98.60% on trial 4, 99.30% on trial 5, earning an
average of 98.418%. A flood happens when normally dry land is overflowed by water
(Boudreau, et al, 2023). It is a major natural disaster that greatly affects human life;
one of the most serious impacts of a Flood is the loss of life. Whether it is from
drowning or injuries from flowing objects (Eslamian et al., 2022). A body of water's
water level is the height at which its surface reaches ("NWS High Water Level
Terminology", 2019). A wireless water detection sensor notifies property owners
when it detects flooding or leaks of water. It consists of a wireless transmitter and a
water-detection sensor. A study conducted by Subekti et al (2022), in which they
monitored the water level using an Arduino Uno, showed that the accuracy of
Arduino Uno is 89.49%.

Flood is the loss of life. Whether it is from drowning or injuries from flowing
objects (Eslamian et al., 2022). A body of water's water level is the height at which its
surface reaches ("NWS High Water Level Terminology", 2019). A wireless water
detection sensor notifies property owners when it detects flooding or leaks of water.
It consists of a wireless transmitter and a water-detection sensor. A study conducted
by Subekti et al (2022), in which they monitored the water level using an Arduino
Uno, showed that the accuracy of Arduino Uno is 89.49%.

Table 2 shows that for trial 1, AgosAlalay attained 99.67% of accuracy,

99.33% for trial 2, 96.33% for trial 3, 98.33% for trial 4, 92.83% for trial 5, earning an
average of 97,30%. The volume of water flowing across a river is referred to as its
flow (Saffer and Arthur, 2014). The average flow rate of several rivers may vary.
 Topography, slope, and other characteristics are some of the contributing
elements to the difference in water now ("How fast are rivers?", 2020). The water
flow sensor is used to measure the flow rate of the water. It is put into the water
source or pipes in which water can pass and trigger the rotor along with the hall
effect sensor. As water passes the rotor and the rotor spins, it induces a voltage that
is measured by the Hall effect sensor. Then, the change in the water flow shall be
observed in the motor. This change is calculated as an output in which the water flow
can already be measured. The water flow sensor can be used with hot water, cold
water, warm water, clean water, and dirty water. (ElProCus., 2021)

Table 3 shows how long it took the AgosAlalay to transmit alert messages
from the SMS module. In trial 1 it took AgosAlalay 5.62 seconds. In trial 2, it took
5.73 seconds. In trial 3 it took 5.79 seconds. In trial 4 it took 5.82 seconds. In trial 5 it
took 5.75 seconds, earning a mean of 5.742. SMS, an abbreviation for Short
Message Service, is a messaging service between two mobile devices. SMS
modules usually have a maximum of 160 characters and are widely used in business
communications and casual conversations. As it provides a quick and convenient
way to send messages to an individual or a group, without any distance restriction.
(Aws.Amazon, 2021).

Table 4 presented that on trial 1 AgosAlalay took 31.37 seconds to generate a

Facebook post as it reached its conditions. For trial 2 it generated 23.13 seconds, for
trial 3, 37.25 seconds, for trial 4, 5.67 seconds, and for trial 5, it generated 5.43
seconds. A body of water's water level is the height at which its surface reaches
("NWS High Water Level Terminology", 2019). The Standard of Critical River Levels
defines a danger level as the height of the river water that is on the verge of
overflowing (Ahmad, NA, and Silby, 2014). The 'normal' range in a water level is
calculated using an average of past measurements and other local factors. A
warning level is the height at which the water's height approaches or reaches danger
levels.Table 5 shows that the AgosAlalay app succeeded in turning on the alert
system in all 5 trials. This result may lead to a conclusion that the app is ready to be
used in real-time situations. Thunkable is a drag-and-drop, no-code app
development tool that makes it possible to create cross-platform iOS and Android
apps. To make adding more complex features easier, it has a visual interface, real-
time testing, and connections with services like Stripe, Firebase, and Google Maps.
The platform saves time and work by providing pre-built templates for different kinds
of apps. Thunkable's robust community support and affordable plans, which include
a free option for simple apps, make it both accessible to novices and effective for
seasoned developers looking to create scalable and useful apps (Thunkable 2024).

Table 6 presents if AgosAlalay will be able to determine and alert in different

severity of floods. The device managed to send an SMS alert according to the
severity of the flood categorized in red, orange, and yellow. With all the trials being
successful, it is guaranteed that the nearby community or the vulnerable people who
are near the river will be alerted immediately. Riverine floods have no set average
speed since several variables can influence how quickly the water flows—elements
including the size, grade, and blockage of the river. Nonetheless, research indicates
that floods in low-gradient rivers may proceed more slowly than those in larger,
steeper rivers or flash floods. For instance, the speed of water in rivers during normal
flow can range from 1-5 mph (approximately 1.5-8 feet per second), but floods can
significantly increase this speed depending on the volume of water and terrain. The
emphasis is typically on sustained flow and volume rather than peak. Velocity for
riverine floods, which frequently continue longer than flash floods. Flash floods
usually occur significantly more quickly because of the steep gradients and quick
water accumulation, with velocities that can reach or surpass 9 feet per second
(National Geographic).

Conclusions

For towns at risk of flooding, the AgosAlalay flood monitoring system, which
uses an Arduino Uno and real-time SMS notifications, provides an economical and
practical alternative. Its alerting system lowers flood damage and casualties by
improving readiness and enabling prompt evacuations. It's significant for places
without sophisticated warning systems because it generates accurate data on water
levels and flow rates using ultrasonic and water flow sensors. AgosAlalay is
inexpensive, yet it works well in testing and is easily scalable. It might significantly
increase flood readiness in high-risk areas with more extensive testing, better power
sources, and more robust communication systems. Disaster preparedness programs
will be ensured through collaboration with local government agencies and disaster
response agencies. Upon experimenting the water flow garnered a 98.418%
accuracy, and 97.30% accuracy for the water level sensor. It took AgosAlalay
approximately 5.742 secs. To send an SMS and 32.398 secs to generate a
Facebook post. The AgosAlalay app successfully turned on the alert system in all 5
trials, as well as the device’s feature on alerting in different severity of floods.Overall,
it leads to the conclusion that the study of this device accentuated that it is efficient,
practical, competent, and cost-effective

Recommendations

AgosAlalay flood monitoring system enhancements are suggested in multiple

ways. To ensure flexibility, start by doing larger testing in a variety of situations, such
as different climates and terrains. During prolonged flood occurrences, reliability will
increase with the use of more robust power sources, such as larger-capacity
batteries, or alternative energy sources, such as wind turbines. Regular maintenance
procedures will ensure that sensors remain operational, particularly in challenging
environments. The alert system's reach can be increased by adding more alert
systems such as LED lights that have their corresponding color, and a sound alert.
 REFERENCES

Al Dardasawi, A. F. M., & Eren, B. (2021). Floods and their impact on the
environment.

Anbarasan, M., BalaAnad Muthu, C. B., Sivaparthipan, C. B., Revathi Sundaresikar,

Authors Steven Sobieszczyk. “How Are Floods Predicted? | U.S.
Geological Survey - USGS.Gov,” n.d. https://www.usgs.gov/faqs/how-
are-floods-predicted.

Boudreau, D., McDaniel M., Sprout, E., and Turgeon, A.. (2023). Flood.
https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/flood/

EAR, 4(2), 42-49. https://doi.org/10.33793/acperpro.04.02.24

Gokhale P., Bhat O., Bhat S (2018). International Advanced Research Journal in
Science, Engineering and Technology 5 (1), 41-44,
2018 https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Omkar-
Bhat/publication/330114646_Introduction_to_IOT/links/5c2e31cf299
bf12be3ab 21eb/Introduction-to-IOT.pdf

Gomez, J.. (2024). Storm sets off floods and landslides in the Philippines, leaving at
least 14 dead. https://apnews.com/article/tropical-storm-yagi-philippines-
floods rain-0efd01c137f0d5dc0668761c6e1e3360

Huda,M.B., Rather,N.A., and Eslamian, S.. (2022). Flood Handbook: Social

AspectOf
Flooding.https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.1201/9781003262640
- 9/cementing-stakeholder-collaboration-flood-risk-management-karen-
potter?context=ubx

Keithley, Kevin. (2024). How Do Water Detection Sensors Work?

https://www.swiftsensors.com/news/how-do-water-detection-sensors-
work/‌

Seifidine Kadry, Sujatha Krishnamoorthy, Dinesh Samuel, & Antony Dasel.

(2019). Detection of flood disaster system based on loT, big data, and
convolutional deep neural network.Computer Communications, 150, 150-
157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comcom.2019.11.022
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The researchers would like to express their utmost gratitude and appreciation
to the following personalities who had contributed much effort to help the
researchers for the realization of the study.
To Mrs. Josephine G. Verdeblanco, the ever-supportive Research teacher for
giving her time to look at every detail of their papers and for sharing her knowledge
with the researchers;
To Mrs. Sharon L. Gondales, their class adviser, for the great support and
enlightenment they rendered to the researchers;
To Mr. & Mrs. Jala, for their unending support, patience, advice, and
guidance;
To Mr. And Mrs. Mission, Mr. And Mrs. Odquier, for the support and
assistance given to the researchers
To the researchers’ coach, Mr. Philip Marion Martin, for her assistance in
helping the researcher accomplish their study;
To Mr. John Onggona, a technician at the CDRRM, for his helpful bits of
advice and support given to the researcher;
To Mr. Elmar Dasmarinas, for his skills, pieces of advice, and support.
Above all else, the researchers would like to thank Almighty God for his
guidance, unwavering support, and all answered prayers.

IANA CARMINA C. JALA

ANN KATHLYN NICOLE S. MISSION

ANDREI JELO C. ODQUIER

The Researchers
Appendix A. Forms
Appendix B. Research Plan

RESEARCH PLAN

Project Title: " AgosAlalay: An IoT-Enabled Flood Alert System

with Real-Time SMS Notifications"

Names of Project Proponent/s: Jala, Iana Carmina C. Mission, Ann Kathlyn

Nicole S., Odquier, Andrei Jelo C.

A. RATIONALE

Flooding is increasingly causing loss and destruction across the

country, with typhoons in the Philippines becoming more frequent and
severe (Acosta 2016). Flash floods have not only damaged infrastructure
but have also claimed countless lives.

This highlights the urgent need for a precautionary system to alert

those near bodies of water about potential flash floods before it's too late.
The current warning system focuses mainly on densely populated areas
("Philippines: Government develops disaster early warning system |UN-
SPIDER Knowledge Portal" 2014), raising concerns for those living in
remote areas, particularly near water bodies. In response, the researchers
aim to develop a device that not only warns people of impending flash
floods but also monitors flood conditions. Their goal is to create a device
that could eventually save lives from the devastating effects of floods.
 B. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK:

“ AgosAlalay: An IoT-Enabled Flood

Alert Device with Real-Time SMS
Notifications”

Flash floods occur when the rainfall surpasses the ground's capacity to absorb
water ("Severe Weather 101: Flood Basics", n.d.). These floods are typically caused
by intense, heavy rain (Casani, J.A., & Clements, B., 2016). The World
Meteorological Organization (2020) defines heavy rainfall as a rain rate exceeding
4mm per hour. Sensors are crucial in the operation of engineering devices, as they
measure unknown signals and environmental parameters, as noted by De Silva
(2015). Flow sensors are specifically used to assess the rate and direction of liquid
flow in various applications (Ejeian et al. 2019). SMS, an abbreviation for

Short Message Service, is a messaging service between two mobile devices

(Aws.Amazon, 2021).
 OBJECTIVE
The purpose of the study is to create a flood monitoring and detection device
that would be able to aid in alerting locals of incoming flash floods. It specifically
aims to:

GENERAL:

• Determine if the device can detect and monitor floods to alert people for
early evacuation.

SPECIFICS:

• Determine if the device can detect precipitation using the water sensor.
• Determine if the device can detect and monitor the water level
specifically on rivers using the water level sensor.
• Determine if the device can detect and monitor the water flow on rivers using
the water flow sensor.
• Determine if the device can alarm when the water level rises and speed
of the water flow becomes faster.

C. EXPECTED OUTCOMES AND POTENTIAL IMPACTS

People can be caught off guard by the sudden threat of flash floods, leading
to significant property damage and sometimes even loss of life. The goal is for
this device to function accurately, ensuring it effectively warns and informs
individuals about impending floods. By consistently providing updates on flood
conditions, this device reinforces the belief that every life is valuable and that no
one should be left behind. Communities, particularly those near bodies of water,
will feel more empowered and secure using this device as part of their disaster
response strategy during unexpected emergencies in the future.
 Figure 1. AgosAlalay: An IoT-Enabled Flood Alert System with Real-Time

SMS Notifications (outside view of device)

The box, made of durable aluminum, measures 10.43 inches in height, 8.66
inches in width, and 14.17 inches in length, providing ample space for all electronic
components while maintaining a compact and streamlined design. The aluminum
construction ensures both strength and effective heat dissipation, making it ideal for
housing sensitive electronics in challenging environments.
Figure 2. AgosAlalay: An IoT-Enabled Flood Alert System with Real-Time SMS
Notifications (inside view of device)

Key Features and Specifications

● Water level monitoring- allows access to updates of water level

changes compared to past readings.
● Water flow monitoring- Allows the people to track the water
movement within a system.

● Alert System- alerts the community near the river through SMS and
social media post for sudden change in water flow and water level

● Social Media Post- Posts an alert with location and sensor readings.
Namely, water flow and water level.
● App- serves as a manual override for the device to trigger its whole alert
system with additional features:
- contains various locations of rivers where the device is placed
- presents the location of the device via Google Maps
- shows the range for each alert code(red, orange, yellow) for its
corresponding river system as a basis for the status of the river
 D. RESEARCH METHODS

Gathering and Purchasing of Material

All materials were sourced from local stores in Kidapawan City. The components
used include an Arduino Uno, SMS module, water ultrasonic sensor, water flow
sensor, solar panel, pre-made aluminum chassis, batteries, and a switch.

Assembling the device

To assemble the device, a solar panel will be connected to a charge controller
and a battery management system (BMS) to provide a sustainable power source,
with a buck converter regulating voltage for the components. An Arduino Uno acts
as the microcontroller, integrating a water flow sensor and a waterproof ultrasonic
sensor to monitor environmental conditions. An SMS module is included for
communication, enabling the system to send SMS alerts based on sensor data,
while a switch allows manual control to power the device on or off. This setup is
designed for efficient and autonomous operation, making it suitable for applications
like flood monitoring or water management. It is ensured that all connections are
secure, and safe for final tests to verify the communication between the transmitter,
SMS module, and IFTTT, ensuring that the entire system operates seamlessly.

Testing Device Attributes

After completing the device, its features will be tested for functionality,
efficiency, and effectiveness according to the set objectives. The water level
sensor was tested by varying its height above the river to observe its response to
changes in water level. The average flow rate of the Nuangan River was used as a
comparison for the accuracy of the water flow sensor. Afterward, it was also
observed whether it would recognize changes in water flow before and during rain.
Lastly, the AgosAlalay Apps functionality was tested through verifying if the
manual override successfully triggered the alert system of the device.
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

Al Dardasawi, A. F. M., & Eren, B.(2021). Floods and their impact on tthe
environment. EAR, 4(2), 42-49.
https://doi.org/10.33793/acperpro.04.02.24

Boudreau, D., McDaniel M., Sprout, E., and Turgeon, A.. (2023). Flood.
https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/flood/

Keithley, Kevin. (2024). How Do Water Detection Sensors Work?

https://www.swiftsensors.com/news/how-do-water- detection-
sensors-work/

NSSL NOAA. (2022). Severe Weather 101: Flood Basics.

https://www.nssl.noaa.gov/education/svrwx101/floods/

Rahman, N. a. A., Ibrahim, N. H., Lombigit, L., Azman, A., Jaafar, Z., Abdullah,
N. A., & Mohamad, G. H. P. (2018). GSM module for wireless radiation
monitoring system via SMS. IOP Conference Series Materials Science
and Engineering, 298, 012040.
https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/298/1/012040

48
Appendix C. Documentation

Making the connections

Gathering the materials

Consulting with a Data gathering

professional
Appendix D. Kidapawan City CDRRMO
APPENDIX D. Cost Analysis

Materials Quantity Cost

SMS Module 1pc Php 450

Arduino Uno 1pc Php 250

Water Flow Sensor 1pc Php 700

Chassis 1pc Php 400

Jumper Wires 1 dozen Php 80

Water Level Sensor 1pc Php 500
BMS 1pc Php 100

Buck Converter 1pc Php 75

Switch 1pc Php 15

Solar Panel 1pc Php 1050
Solar Charge Controller 1pc Php 700
Total Php 4320
Cost Analysis of Surigao River Flood Watch and Warning App System
 Researcher’s Personal Data

Name: IANA CARMINA C. JALA

Date of Birth: Dec 3, 2008

Place of Birth: Medical Specialist Hospital, Kidapawan CIty

Present Address: Purok 4B Brgy. Balindog, Kidapawan CIty

Educational Background:

Elementary: Kidapawan City Pilot Elementary School

Secondary: Kidapawan City National High School

Roxas Street, Kidapawan City

 Researcher’s Personal Data

Name: ANN KATHLYN NICOLE S. MISSION

Date of Birth: August 18, 2008

Place of Birth: Medical Specialist Hospital, Kidapawan CIty

Present Address: Demazenod Subd. Paco, Kidapawan City

Educational Background:

Elementary: Kidapawan City Pilot Elementary School

J.P Laurel Street, Kidapawan City

Secondary: Kidapawan City National High School

Roxas Street, Kidapawan City

 Researcher’s Personal Data

Name: Andrei Jelo C. Odquier

Date of Birth:February 03, 2009

Place of Birth: Antipas, North Cotabato

Present Address: Lopez Street, 2nd blk, Kidapawan City

Educational Background:

Elementary: Antipas Central Elementary School

Secondary: Kidapawan City National High School

Roxas Street, Kidapawan City