Name : ……………………………………………………………

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Roll No. : ………………………………………………………..

Invigilator's Signature : ………………………………………..

CS/B.Tech(CSE)/SEM-7/CS-704A/2009-10
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2009
DISTRIBUTED DATABASE
Time Allotted : 3 Hours Full Marks : 70
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The figures in the margin indicate full marks.
Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words
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as far as practicable.

GROUP – A
( Multiple Choice Type Questions )
1. Choose the correct alternatives of the following : 10 × 1 = 10

i) Data Dictionary stores

er.

a) meta-data about the structure of the database

b) raw data of tables value

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c) all possible SQL queries

d) none of these.

ii) In the 3-tier architecture, the role of application layer is

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a) this layer interacts with the user

b) this layer programs the application logic

c) this layer handles query and update request from

a c.

previous layers

d) all of these.
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iii) Which software components that are typically necessary

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for building a distributed database ?

a) The data communication component ( DC )

b) The data dictionary ( DD )

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c) The database management component ( DB ) and
distributed database component ( DDB )
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d) All of these.

iv) The type of mapping defined in the allocation schema

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( whether the distributed DBMS is redundant or non-

redundant ) is

a) One-to-many b) One-to-one
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c) Many-to-many d) Many-to-one.

v) Let a global relation be SUPPLIER ( SNUM, NAME, CITY

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), then

SUPPLIER 1 = SL CITY=KOL SUPPLIER,

SUPPLIER 2 = SL CITY=HOW SUPPLIER,

ut .

SUPPLIER 3 = SL SNUM‚NAME SUPPLIER implies

a) horizontal fragmentation
a c.

b) vertical fragmentation

c) derived horizontal fragmentation

d) mixed fragmentation.
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vi) To construct common data model in heterogeneous

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distributed DBMS, which type of conflicts may arise ?

a) Name conflicts
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b) Scale conflicts

c) Structural conflicts
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d) All of these.

vii) In basic time-stamping mechanism a transaction having

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timestamp TS can write on a data x if

a) WTM( x ) > TS

b) RTM( x ) > TS & WTM( x ) > TS

er.

c) RTM( x ) > TS
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d) RTM( x ) ≤ TS & WTM( x ) ≤ TS.

viii) In basic time-stamping mechanism a transaction having

timestamp TS can read a data x if
ut .

a) RTM( x ) ≤ TS & WTM( x ) ≤ TS

b) RTM( x ) > TS & WTM( x ) > TS

a c.

c) WTM( x ) < TS

d) RTM( x ) > TS.

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ix) In non-preemptive distributed deadlock prevention

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a) younger transactions waits while older aborts and
restarts

b) older transactions waits while younger aborts and

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restarts

c) older transactions waits while younger preempts

d) younger transactions preempts older transactions.

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x) Selection and projection operations are called

a) enumerator b) reducer
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c) distributor d) synchronizer.

GROUP – B
( Short Answer Type Questions )
Answer any three of the following. 3 × 5 = 15
er.

2. Why do we need checkpoints and cold restart ? Explain with

diagram.

3. Compare the features of distributed database versus

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centralized database.

4. What is replication ? Describe quorum algorithm. 3+2

5. Assume that strick two phase locking is in use, describe how

ut .

the actions of the two phase commit protocol relate to the

concurrency control action of each individual server. How
a c.

does distributed deadlock detection fit in ?

6. Draw the reference architecture of distributed database.

What are top-down and bottom-up distributed database
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designs ? 3+2

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GROUP – C
( Long Answer Type Questions )
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Answer any three of the following. 3 × 15 = 45
7. a) Why do we use distributed databases ? Briefly point
out the reason. 3
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b) What do you mean by unary and binary operations on
relational model ? 2
c) Consider the Global Relation
PATIENT ( NUMBER, NAME, SSN, AMOUNT-DUE,
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DEPT, DOCTOR, MED-TREATMENT )
DEPARTMENT ( DEPT, LOCATION, DIRECTOR )
STAFF ( STAFFNUM, DIRECTOR, TASK )
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Define there fragmentation as follows :

i) DEPARTMENT has a horizontal fragmentation by
LOCATION, with two locations ; each department is
conducted by one DIRECTOR.
er.

ii) There are several staff members for each

department, led by the Department's Director.
STAFF has a horizontal fragmentation derived from
that of DEPARTMENT and a semi-join on the
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DIRECTOR attribute.
iii) PATIENT has a Mixed fragmentation ; attributes
NUMBER, NAME, SSN and AMOUNT-DUE
constitute a Vertical fragment used for accounting
ut .

purposes ; attributes NUMBER, NAME, DEPT,

DOCTOR and MED-TREATMENT constitute a
Vertical fragment used for describing cares. This
last fragment has a Horizontal fragmentation
a c.

derived from that of DEPARTMENT and a semi-join

on the DEPT attribute.
Give also the reconstruction of Global relations from
fragments. 2+2+(2+2+2)
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8. a) How many types of distribution transparency for read-

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only application are there ? Explain with diagram. 2 + 6

b) Give an example of equivalence transformations for

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queries. 2
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c) When does the concepts of Quorum-based protocols

arise ? What are the basic rules of this protocol ? 1+4

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9. Write down the 2-phase commitment protocol with diagram.

Discuss the behaviour of the 2-phase commitment protocol

in presence of different kinds of failures. 8+7

er.

10. a) Draw the diagram with explanation of reference

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architecture for distributed DBMS. 7

b) Figure out the fragments and physical images for a

ut .

global relation. 2

c) What are the rules for defining fragments ? 1

a c.

d) What are layers to represent the client-server

architecture ? Explain the role of each layers. 1+4

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11. Write short notes on any three of the following : 3×5

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a) RPC

b) Client server databases

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c) Time stamping and synchronization

d) Distributed database administration

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e) ODBC connectivity.
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er.
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ut .
a c.
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