15-python-if-else
June 6, 2024
1 Python Conditions and If statements
• Python supports the usual logical conditions from mathematics
– Equals: a == b
– Not Equals: a != b
– Less than: a < b
– Less than or equal to: a <= b
– Greater than: a > b
– Greater than or equal to: a >= b
• These conditions can be used in several ways, most commonly in “if statements” and loops
• An “if statement” is written by using the if keyword
• Example
– If statement
[3]: a = 33
b = 200
if b >= a:
print("b is greater than a")
b is greater than a
2 Elif
• The elif keyword is Python’s way of saying “if the previous conditions were not true, then try
this condition”
• Example
[4]: a = 33
b = 33
if b > a:
print("b is greater than a")
elif a == b:
print("a and b are equal")
a and b are equal
1
3 Else
• The else keyword catches anything which isn’t caught by the preceding conditions
• Example
[5]: a = 200
b = 33
if b > a:
print("b is greater than a")
elif a == b:
print("a and b are equal")
elif b < a:
print("b is less than a")
else:
print("a is greater than b")
b is less than a
• You can also have an else without the elif
• Example
[3]: a = 200
b = 33
if b > a:
print("b is greater than a")
else:
print("b is not greater than a")
b is not greater than a
4 Short Hand If
• If you have only one statement to execute, you can put it on the same line as the if statement
• Example
– One line if statement
[5]: a = 200
b = 33
if a > b: print("a is greater than b")
a is greater than b
5 Short Hand If … Else
• If you have only one statement to execute, one for if, and one for else, you can put it all on
the same line
• Example
– One line if else statement
2
[6]: a = 2
b = 330
print("A") if a > b else print("B")
B
• This technique is known as Ternary Operators , or Conditional Expressions
6 And
• The and keyword is a logical operator, and is used to combine conditional statements
• Example
– Test if a is greater than b , AND if c is greater than a
[8]: a = 200
b = 33
c = 500
if a > b and c > a and a == b:
print("Both conditions are True")
Both conditions are True
7 Or
• The or keyword is a logical operator, and is used to combine conditional statements
• Example
– Test if a is greater than b, OR if a is greater than c
[9]: a = 200
b = 33
c = 500
if a > b or a > c or a == b:
print("At least one of the conditions is True")
At least one of the conditions is True
[6]: a = 200
b = 33
c = 500
if ((a > b or c < a) and a==b and not(a!=b)):
print("Both conditions are True")
8 Not
• The not keyword is a logical operator, and is used to reverse the result of the conditional
statement
3
• Example
– Test if a is NOT greater than b
[5]: a = 33
b = 200
if not a > b:
print("a is NOT greater than b")
a is NOT greater than b
9 Nested If
• You can have if statements inside if statements, this is called nested if statements
• Example
[11]: x = 41
if x > 10:
print("Above ten,")
if x > 20:
print("and also above 20!")
if x > 30:
print("and also above 30!")
else:
print("but not above 20.")
else:
print("ekwhcvkjw")
Above ten,
and also above 20!
10 The pass Statement
• if statements cannot be empty, but if you for some reason have an if statement with no
content, put in the pass statement to avoid getting an error
• Example
[7]: a = 33
b = 200
if b > a:
pass
