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15-python-if-else

The document provides an overview of Python's conditional statements, including if, elif, and else, along with examples of their usage. It also covers shorthand if statements, logical operators (and, or, not), nested if statements, and the pass statement. These concepts are essential for controlling the flow of a Python program based on conditions.

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venkatesh
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3 views

15-python-if-else

The document provides an overview of Python's conditional statements, including if, elif, and else, along with examples of their usage. It also covers shorthand if statements, logical operators (and, or, not), nested if statements, and the pass statement. These concepts are essential for controlling the flow of a Python program based on conditions.

Uploaded by

venkatesh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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15-python-if-else

June 6, 2024

1 Python Conditions and If statements


• Python supports the usual logical conditions from mathematics
– Equals: a == b
– Not Equals: a != b
– Less than: a < b
– Less than or equal to: a <= b
– Greater than: a > b
– Greater than or equal to: a >= b
• These conditions can be used in several ways, most commonly in “if statements” and loops
• An “if statement” is written by using the if keyword
• Example
– If statement
[3]: a = 33
b = 200
if b >= a:
print("b is greater than a")

b is greater than a

2 Elif
• The elif keyword is Python’s way of saying “if the previous conditions were not true, then try
this condition”
• Example
[4]: a = 33
b = 33
if b > a:
print("b is greater than a")
elif a == b:
print("a and b are equal")

a and b are equal

1
3 Else
• The else keyword catches anything which isn’t caught by the preceding conditions
• Example
[5]: a = 200
b = 33
if b > a:
print("b is greater than a")
elif a == b:
print("a and b are equal")
elif b < a:
print("b is less than a")
else:
print("a is greater than b")

b is less than a
• You can also have an else without the elif
• Example
[3]: a = 200
b = 33
if b > a:
print("b is greater than a")
else:
print("b is not greater than a")

b is not greater than a

4 Short Hand If
• If you have only one statement to execute, you can put it on the same line as the if statement
• Example
– One line if statement
[5]: a = 200
b = 33

if a > b: print("a is greater than b")

a is greater than b

5 Short Hand If … Else


• If you have only one statement to execute, one for if, and one for else, you can put it all on
the same line
• Example
– One line if else statement

2
[6]: a = 2
b = 330
print("A") if a > b else print("B")

B
• This technique is known as Ternary Operators , or Conditional Expressions

6 And
• The and keyword is a logical operator, and is used to combine conditional statements
• Example
– Test if a is greater than b , AND if c is greater than a
[8]: a = 200
b = 33
c = 500
if a > b and c > a and a == b:
print("Both conditions are True")

Both conditions are True

7 Or
• The or keyword is a logical operator, and is used to combine conditional statements
• Example
– Test if a is greater than b, OR if a is greater than c
[9]: a = 200
b = 33
c = 500
if a > b or a > c or a == b:
print("At least one of the conditions is True")

At least one of the conditions is True

[6]: a = 200
b = 33
c = 500

if ((a > b or c < a) and a==b and not(a!=b)):


print("Both conditions are True")

8 Not
• The not keyword is a logical operator, and is used to reverse the result of the conditional
statement

3
• Example
– Test if a is NOT greater than b
[5]: a = 33
b = 200
if not a > b:
print("a is NOT greater than b")

a is NOT greater than b

9 Nested If
• You can have if statements inside if statements, this is called nested if statements
• Example
[11]: x = 41

if x > 10:
print("Above ten,")
if x > 20:
print("and also above 20!")
if x > 30:
print("and also above 30!")
else:
print("but not above 20.")

else:
print("ekwhcvkjw")

Above ten,
and also above 20!

10 The pass Statement


• if statements cannot be empty, but if you for some reason have an if statement with no
content, put in the pass statement to avoid getting an error
• Example
[7]: a = 33
b = 200

if b > a:
pass

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