Module 4: Circular Functions

OVERVIEW

With the development of trigonometry, trigonometric functions are associated with the
lengths of the arcs on the unit circle. For this reason, the general study of circular functions
has progressed. In fact, we now define trigonometry as a branch of mathematics concerned
with the properties and applications of circular or trigonometric functions. This module will
help you explore procedures on trigonometry that will enlighten you on how trigonometric is
applied through various ways in dealing with circular function.

LEARNING OUTCOMES

At the end of this module, you are expected to:

1. Determine the equation of a circle with center.

2. Determine the center and radius of a circle

3. Transform general equation of a circle to standard equation and vice versa

LET US EXPLORE

Definition: A circle is a set of all points in a plane equidistant from a fixed point called the
center of the circle.

Definition: Radius is the distance between the center of the circle and any point on the
circle.

The Standard Form of the Equation of a Circle

Equation 1
2 2 2
r =( x−h) +( y−k )

Where r is the radius and (h, k) is the center.

Example 1: Find the equation of a circle with center at (0, 0) and radius 11.

Solution: Follow the procedure.

Step 1: Use equation 1.

2 2 2
r =( x−h) +( y−k )

Step 2: Substitute the values.

2 2 2
11 =( x−0) +( y−0)

Step 3: Evaluate and Simplify.

2 2 2 2
121=x + y ∨x + y =121

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Module 4: Circular Functions

Therefore the equation of the circle with center (0, 0) and radius of 11 is x 2+ y 2=121
Example 2: Give the equation of the circle with center at (2, -3) and r = 2.

Solution: Same procedure as example 1. So,

Step 1: Use equation 1.

2 2 2
r =( x−h) +( y−k )

Step 2: Substitute the values.

2 2 2
2 =(x−2) +[ y−(−3 ) ]

Step 3: Evaluate and Simplify.

2 2
4=(x−2) +( y +3)

Activity 1.1

Directions: Solve the following. (20 points)

A. Give the equations of the following circles. (4 points each)

1. C ( 0 , 0 ) , r=81
2. C (−1 ,−5 ) ,r =5
3. C ( 0 ,−6 ) , r=3

B. Give the center and radius of the following. (2 points each)

1. x 2+ y 2=225
2 2 1
2. x +( y −1) =
36
2 4
2
3. x + y =
9
4. x 2+ y 2=64

The General Form of the Equation of a Circle

Equation 2
2 2
x + y + Ax +By +C=0

Converting Standard Form of the Equation of a Circle to General Form

Example 3: Find the standard form of the equation of a circle of radius 4 whose center is (-3,
2).

Solution: Follow the procedure.

Step 1: Use Eq. 1
2 2 2
r =( x−h) +( y−k )

Step 2: Substitute the values. Evaluate.

2 2 2
4 =[x −(−3 ) ] +( y−2)

Math 5 - Trigonometry 2
Module 4: Circular Functions
2 2 2
4 =( x+ 3) +( y−2)
2 2
16=( x +3) +( y −2)
Since we now have the standard form. We can now convert it to general form.

Step 3: Expand the Parenthesis. (Eq. 2 is applied)

16=( x +3)(x +3)+( y−2)( y −2)

2 2
16=x +6 x +9+ y −4 y+ 4
2 2
16=x + y +6 x−4 y +13
Step 4: Find the zero.
2 2
x + y + 6 x−4 y+13=16
2 2
x + y + 6 x−4 y+13+ (−16 )=16 +(−16)
2 2
x + y + 6 x−4 y−3=0

Hence, the standard form of the equation of a circle of radius 4 whose center is (-3,
2) is x + y 2+ 6 x−4 y−3=0
2

Example 4: Find the standard form of the equation of a circle of radius 7 whose center is (5,-
3).

Solution: Same as example 3.

Step 1: Use Eq. 1

2 2 2
r =( x−h) +( y−k )

Step 2: Substitute the values. Evaluate.

2 2 2
7 =(x−5) +[ y− (−3 ) ]
2 2
49=( x−5) +( y +3)

Step 3: Expand the Parenthesis. (Eq. 2 is applied)

2 2
( x−5) +( y +3) =49

(x−5)(x−5)+( y+ 3)( y+ 3)=49

2 2
x −10 x+ 25+ y +6 y +9=49
2 2
x + y −10 x+ 6 y+ 34=49

Step 4: Find the zero.

2 2
x + y −10 x+ 6 y+ 34=49

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Module 4: Circular Functions
2 2
x + y −10 x+ 6 y+ 34+ (−49 )=49+(−49)
2 2
x + y −10 x+ 6 y−15=0

Hence, the standard form of the equation of a circle of radius 7 whose center is (5, -
3) is x + y 2−10 x+ 6 y−15=0.
2

Converting General Form of the Equation of a Circle to Standard Form

- Let us use examples 3 & 4.

Example 5: Convert x 2+ y 2−10 x+ 6 y−15=0 to standard form.

Solution:

Step 1: Use Addition Property of Equality to transpose the constant.

2 2
x + y −10 x+ 6 y−15+ ( 15 ) =0+(15)
2 2
x + y −10 x+ 6 y=15

Step 2: Quantify x∧ y .
(x ¿¿ 2−10 x)+( y ¿¿ 2+ 6 y)=15 ¿ ¿

Step 3. Perform Completing the Square.

( ) () ( )()
2 2 2 2
10 6 10 6
(x ¿¿ 2−10 x + )+( y ¿¿ 2+6 y + )=15+ + ¿¿
2 2 2 2

(x ¿ ¿ 2−10 x +5 )+( y ¿ ¿ 2+ 6 y +3 )=15+5 +3 ¿ ¿

2 2 2 2

(x ¿¿ 2−10 x +25)+( y ¿¿ 2+6 y +9)=15+ 25+9 ¿ ¿

(x ¿¿ 2−10 x +25)+( y ¿¿ 2+6 y +9)=49 ¿ ¿

Step 4: Factor.
2 2
( x−5) +( y +3) =49

- Final Answer.

Example 6: Convert x 2+ y 2+ 6 x−4 y−3=0 to standard form.

Solution: Same as example 5.

Step 1:
2 2
x + y + 6 x−4 y−3=0
2 2
x + y + 6 x−4 y−3+ ( 3 ) =0+( 3)
2 2
x + y + 6 x−4 y=3

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Module 4: Circular Functions
Step 2:
(x ¿¿ 2+6 x)+( y ¿¿ 2−4 y )=3 ¿ ¿

Step 3:

() ()()
2 2 2 2
6 4 6 4
(x ¿ ¿ 2+6 x +( ) )+( y ¿ ¿2−4 y+ )=3+ + ¿¿
2 2 2 2

(x ¿ ¿ 2+6 x +3 )+( y ¿ ¿ 2−4 y +2 )=3+3 +2 ¿ ¿

2 2 2 2

(x ¿¿ 2+6 x +9)+( y ¿¿ 2−4 y + 4)=3+ 9+4 ¿ ¿

(x ¿¿ 2+6 x +9)+( y ¿¿ 2−4 y + 4)=16 ¿ ¿

Step 4:
2 2
(x +3) +( y−2) =16

Activity 1.2

Directions: Convert the following. (5 points each)

2 2
1. x + y + 8 x +2 y +14=0
2 2
2. ( x +2) +( y +7) =69
2 2
3. (x−2) +( y −13) =25
2 2
4. x + y +10 x +30 y +246=0

LET US WRAP UP

An equation of a circle can be derived by using a specific equation for you to be able
to determine where the circle lies in the Cartesian Plane. With this, you can also find its
radius as well as the center. In addition, there are several ways on how to convert standard
equation of a circle to its general form and vice versa. This is possible using mathematical
applications such as completing the square, and properties of equality which may apply to
specific problem given.

LET US ASSESS

Directions: Solve the following. Show your NEAT and COMPLETE solution.

A. Give the equations of the following circles. (4 points each)

1. Give the equation of the circle with center at (2, -3) and r = 2.
2. C (−1 ,−3 ) ,r =2
3. C ( 7 ,−2 ) , r=1
4. C ( 4 ,−1 ) , r =5

B. Give the center and radius of the following. (2 points each)

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Module 4: Circular Functions

1. x 2+( y +1)2=9

2 2 1
2. x + y =
36

3. (x +5)2+ y 2=23

4. x 2+( y ¿¿ 2−1)=11¿
C. Convert the following and find its radius and center. (5 points each)

1. ( x +14 )2 + ( y −16 )2=1

2 2
2. x + y + 22 x +18 y +177=0
3. ( x−6 )2+ ( y−3 )2=49
2 2
4. x + y −6 x +24 y +152=0
5. ( x−12 )2 + ( y +11 )2 =36

REFERENCES

Barcelon D. G. et. al., (2003) Plane Trigonometry. Trinitas Publishing, INC.

Retrieved from https://www.everettsd.org/cms/lib07/WA01920133/Centricity/Domain/959/

convertingStandardToGeneralForm.pdf . Retrieved on December 5, 2021.

RESLIE JAMES R. MANLAVI

Instructor

Math 5 - Trigonometry 6