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Troubleshooting CRC and ARQ

The document discusses two methods for error detection and correction in data transmission: Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) and Selective Repeat ARQ. CRC can detect errors but cannot correct them, requiring the sender to resend the entire data frame if an error is found. Selective Repeat ARQ allows for individual acknowledgment of frames, improving efficiency by only resending lost frames rather than the entire batch.

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8 views2 pages

Troubleshooting CRC and ARQ

The document discusses two methods for error detection and correction in data transmission: Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) and Selective Repeat ARQ. CRC can detect errors but cannot correct them, requiring the sender to resend the entire data frame if an error is found. Selective Repeat ARQ allows for individual acknowledgment of frames, improving efficiency by only resending lost frames rather than the entire batch.

Uploaded by

hunsuezekiel284
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CS 2204 - Communications and Networking

Assignment Activity

Troubleshooting Transmission Errors Using CRC and Selective Repeat ARQ

Question 1: CRC Error Detection and Correction


When working with data transmission, making sure that the data arrives correctly is very
important. One popular method to check for errors is called Cyclic Redundancy Check
(CRC). In this case, we are given a 1200-bit data frame and a generator polynomial of
x⁴+x³+x²+1. After performing the CRC calculation, we got a remainder of 1011.

In CRC, if the remainder after checking is zero, it means there are no errors in the data.
However, if the remainder is not zero, like here (1011), it means an error has occurred.

Can we fix the error? Actually, CRC is mainly designed to detect errors, not correct them.
When an error is found, the usual practice is to ask the sender to retransmit the entire
frame. CRC itself doesn't show where the mistake happened, only that something is
wrong. Fixing errors inside the frame needs other techniques like Hamming Codes or
using ARQ protocols.

So, in this case:


- There is an error because the remainder is not zero.
- CRC cannot correct the frame. We would need to ask the sender to resend the whole
data frame.

This is why CRC is very useful for spotting mistakes quickly but not for fixing them
directly.

Reference:
Forouzan, B. A. (2017). Data communications and networking (5th ed.). McGraw-Hill
Education.

Question 2: Selective Repeat ARQ Acknowledgment


Selective Repeat ARQ is a smart way of making sure that the receiver gets all frames
correctly without resending everything if a few frames get lost. Here, the sender sends 8
frames (numbered 0 to 7), and frames 2, 4, and 7 are received properly.

In Selective Repeat, each frame is acknowledged individually. If a frame is missing, only


that frame will be resent, not the whole batch.
Cumulative Acknowledgment Number:
- Since frames 0 and 1 have not been received (or at least not mentioned), the receiver
cannot acknowledge frames beyond frame 0.
- In simple terms, the cumulative acknowledgment number would be 0. The receiver is
still waiting for frame 0.

Expected Next Sequence Number:


- The next expected frame is frame 0, because it has not been successfully received yet.

This shows how Selective Repeat ARQ improves efficiency because we don't waste time
resending frames that were already received correctly.

Summary:
- Cumulative Acknowledgment Number: 0
- Expected Next Sequence Number: 0

Selective Repeat ARQ is very helpful, especially in networks where errors happen often
but resending everything would waste a lot of time and bandwidth.

Reference:
Tanenbaum, A. S., & Wetherall, D. J. (2011). Computer networks (5th ed.). Pearson
Education.

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