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Basic

The document provides an overview of variables and data types in C#, including value and reference types, constants, and read-only fields. It explains type casting, operators (arithmetic, relational, logical), and control flow statements such as if, switch, and loops (for, while, do-while). Examples are given for each concept to illustrate their usage in programming.

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Syed Nibras
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6 views5 pages

Basic

The document provides an overview of variables and data types in C#, including value and reference types, constants, and read-only fields. It explains type casting, operators (arithmetic, relational, logical), and control flow statements such as if, switch, and loops (for, while, do-while). Examples are given for each concept to illustrate their usage in programming.

Uploaded by

Syed Nibras
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1.

Variables and Data Types

In C#, variables store data and are associated with a specific type. They can be:

 Value Types: Store actual data (e.g., int, double, bool, char, struct).
 Reference Types: Store references to memory locations (e.g., string, class, object,
array).

Declaration Example:

int age = 30; // Integer

double salary = 50000.50; // Floating-point number

char grade = 'A'; // Character

bool isActive = true; // Boolean

string name = "John Doe"; // String

2. Constants and Read-only Fields

 Constants (const): Values that never change during the program's execution. Must be
initialized at the time of declaration.

const double Pi = 3.14159;

Read-only Fields (readonly): Values assigned either at the time of declaration or in the constructor but
cannot be changed afterward.

class Example {

readonly int readOnlyValue;

public Example() {

readOnlyValue = 100; // Assigned in the constructor

}
3. Type Casting and Conversion

 Implicit Casting: Automatic conversion when no data is lost.

int num = 10;

double result = num; // Implicitly cast to double

double value = 9.8;

int intValue = (int)value; // Truncates to 9

string str = "123";

int number = Convert.ToInt32(str);

4. Operators

Arithmetic Operators

Perform mathematical operations:

int sum = 5 + 3; // Addition

int diff = 5 - 3; // Subtraction

int prod = 5 * 3; // Multiplication

int quot = 5 / 3; // Division

int mod = 5 % 3; // Modulus

Relational (Comparison) Operators

Used for comparisons:

bool isEqual = (5 == 3); // false

bool isNotEqual = (5 != 3); // true


bool isGreater = (5 > 3); // true

bool isLess = (5 < 3); // false

Logical Operators

Used for combining Boolean expressions:

bool result = (5 > 3) && (3 > 1); // Logical AND

bool result2 = (5 > 3) || (3 < 1); // Logical OR

bool result3 = !(5 > 3); // Logical NOT

5. Control Flow Statements

if Statement

if (age > 18) {

Console.WriteLine("You are an adult.");

} else {

Console.WriteLine("You are not an adult.");

switch Statement

int day = 3;

switch (day) {

case 1:

Console.WriteLine("Monday");

break;

case 2:

Console.WriteLine("Tuesday");
break;

case 3:

Console.WriteLine("Wednesday");

break;

default:

Console.WriteLine("Other day");

break;

Loops

 For Loop:

for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {

Console.WriteLine("Iteration " + i);

While Loop:

int counter = 0;

while (counter < 5) {

Console.WriteLine("Counter: " + counter);

counter++;

Do-While Loop:

int count = 0;
do {

Console.WriteLine("Count: " + count);

count++;

} while (count < 5);

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