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Taylors theorem for function of two variable (part of Unit-2)

The document discusses Taylor's theorem for functions of two variables, providing formulas for expanding such functions around a point. It includes illustrative examples, such as expanding e sin y and tan^-1, demonstrating how to compute approximations for specific values. The document emphasizes the application of Taylor's theorem in multivariable calculus.

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sxcphoenix25
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4 views

Taylors theorem for function of two variable (part of Unit-2)

The document discusses Taylor's theorem for functions of two variables, providing formulas for expanding such functions around a point. It includes illustrative examples, such as expanding e sin y and tan^-1, demonstrating how to compute approximations for specific values. The document emphasizes the application of Taylor's theorem in multivariable calculus.

Uploaded by

sxcphoenix25
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EXPANSION OF A FUNCTION OF SEVERAL VARIABLES

3.20. TAYLOR'S THEOREM FOR A FUNCTION OF TWO VARIABLES


We know that by Taylor's theorem for a function fx) of single variable x,

fr + h) - fx) + hf (x) + 21" )4+ f"*) + ...


3!
Now let fa, y) be a function of two independent variables x and y. Ify is kept constant,
then by Taylor's theorem for a function of a single variable x, we have
fr +h, y+ k) =fx, y+ k) +h fx y+k) + 2! 2 fx, y + k)

3! da3 fx, y + k) + ... ...(1)


+

Now keeping x constant and applying Taylor's theorem for a function of a singie
variable y, we have

flx, y + k) =fx, y) + ka
dy f, y) + 2! oy?
fa, y) + 3! ...(2)
ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES

Example 1. Expand e siny in powers of* and y as far as terms of the third degree.
Sol. Here x, y) =e sin y; A0, 0) =0
fx, y)=e sin y, f(0, 0)= 0
fa, y) =e cos y, (0, 0) =1
y) =e sin y, f(0, 0) =0
I4, y)e cosy, 0, 0) a1
f(, y) = siny, (0, 0)=0
f , y)=e sin y, T0, 0) =0
, y)= cos y, T(0, 0) =1
, t , y) = -e sin y, (0, 0)= 0
flx, y) =-e cos y, (0, 0)=-1

fx, y)=A0, 0) +xf,(o, 0) +yf,(0, 0:}+ 2! f0, 0) +2xy f(0, 0)+y° f,(0. 0}
1
qiff(0, 0) +3*y f(0. 0) +34y° f(0, 0) +y° f(0, 0) + .

329
FFERE. lAL ÇALCU US
1

39
ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES

Example 1, Expand e sin y in powers ofx and y as far as terms of the third degree.
Sol. Here fx, y) = e sin y; f0, 0) = 0
f(a, y) =e sin y, f(0, 0) = 0
f(, y) = e cos y, f0, 0) = 1
f y) =e sin y, f0, 0) = 0
1, y)e cos y, 0,0)= 1
1 , y)=e sin y, f0, 0) =0
, y) =e sin y, (0,0) =0
f y) = cos y, Tu0,0) =1
,y) -e sin y, Ly(0, 0) =0
Iy, y)=- cos y, (0, 0)=1

fa, y) =f0, 0) +wf/0, 0) +yf0, 0)+L0,0) +2ry f,(0, 0) +yf,0. 01


1
3 efa0, 0) +3rtyfg(0, 0) +3y° fy(0, 0) +y° f,0, 0) +..
DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS-I| 3

1
e sin y=00++(x.0
(x.0 +y.1]
+y.1]+ 0+2xy.1 +y²0)
+0+
3! Sey.1 +3ry² +0+y- 1) +
=y+y-..
Example 2. Expand tan-1 in the neighbourhood of (1, 1) upto and inclusive of second
degree terms. Hence compute fl.1, 0.9) approzimately. [A.K.T.U. 2014
Sol. Here fx, y) = tan- 2 A1, 1)= tan- 1 = 4
fa, y) = f1, ) =

1, 1) -
2ry
f , y) =-y(-1)(*² + y', 2r = (a+y'. fl1, 1) =2
foy)ty').1-x. 2x 1, 1) =0
= (x+y
2cy
f(1, 1) = 2

Similarly,
1
1 and so on.

We know that,

fa, y) =f1, 1) +(-1)r1, ) +(-1D(1, 1) + le-1f1, 1)


+2r 19- )1, 1) +(y- 1f1, 1))
1
l(-D f(1, D+3(a- 1°(y-D fay (1, 1)
+3(a-D(y- 1² f (1, 1D +(y- D°f,(1, ) +.
tan-!
)--o-n(-)o
+2(x- D(- D.0+(y-1. 2

1
((a-18 + 3x- 1y- 1)- 3(x- 1Xy - 1)2-(y- 1} + .
12
JK OF ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

1
a-1)+;o- 1)+-1 --12
1
12 (x-1) +3(*-1Py - 1)- 3(* 1\y- 1 -(y -1)]+...
ow, fl.1, 0.=)-;)+
9) 12--12
- 12 LI + 3(.1)°(1)-3.1) (-.1-(-.1) +..
-I (2) 1
42 12 L.001.003 -.003 + .001] +... =0.6857 (approx.)
Example 3. Find the first six terms of the expansions of the function e log (1 + y) in a
Taylor series in the neighbourhood of the point (0, 0). (U.P.T.U. 2015)
Sol. Here fx, y) =e log (1+y), 10, 0) = 0
f4, y) =e log (1 +y), f0, 0) = 0
f, y) = 1+y f0, 0) = 1
f_, y) =e log (1 +), 0, 0) =0
f0, 0) =1

(1+ y)²" f(0, 0) =-1


f , y) =elog (1 + y), f0, 0) =0
felx, y) 1+y' f(0, 0) =1

foy, y)=1+ y fy(0, 0) =-1


2e*
fyyl, y) = 1+y) f(0, 0) =2
and so on.
and 80 on.
We know that,

f*, y) =AO, 0) +f (0, 0) +yf,(0, 0)) +,f(0,


2! 0) +2ryf, (0, 0) +y² f,(0, 0))
e f0, 0) +3ry fe, (0, 0) +3axyf(0, 0) + y° f (0, 0)l +..
e log (1 +y) =0+ (x0 +y.1] + .0+ 2y.l +y-1)]
+.0+3*²y.1 +3ry²(- 1)+ y°.2] +..
y+*y- y+*y- y²+ y+..

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