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01.Java Arrays

This tutorial covers the basics of working with arrays in Java, including how to declare, initialize, and access elements. It explains the fixed size of arrays, the use of indices, and provides examples of looping through array elements. Additionally, it introduces multidimensional arrays and includes examples for computing the sum and average of array elements.

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4 views

01.Java Arrays

This tutorial covers the basics of working with arrays in Java, including how to declare, initialize, and access elements. It explains the fixed size of arrays, the use of indices, and provides examples of looping through array elements. Additionally, it introduces multidimensional arrays and includes examples for computing the sum and average of array elements.

Uploaded by

David
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Java Arrays

In this tutorial, we will learn to work with arrays in Java. We will learn to
declare, initialize, and access array elements with the help of examples.

An array is a collection of similar types of data.

For example, if we want to store the names of 100 people then we can create
an array of the string type that can store 100 names.

String[] array = new String[100];

Here, the above array cannot store more than 100 names. The number of
values in a Java array is always fixed.

How to declare an array in Java?


In Java, here is how we can declare an array.

dataType[] arrayName;

• dataType - it can be primitive data types like int , char , double , byte , etc. or Java
objects
• arrayName - it is an identifier
For example,

double[] data;

Here, data is an array that can hold values of type double .


But, how many elements can array this hold?
Good question! To define the number of elements that an array can hold, we
have to allocate memory for the array in Java. For example,

// declare an array
double[] data;

// allocate memory
data = new double[10];

Here, the array can store 10 elements. We can also say that the size or
length of the array is 10.
In Java, we can declare and allocate the memory of an array in one single
statement. For example,

double[] data = new double[10];

How to Initialize Arrays in Java?


In Java, we can initialize arrays during declaration. For example,

//declare and initialize and array


int[] age = {12, 4, 5, 2, 5};

Here, we have created an array named age and initialized it with the values
inside the curly brackets.

Note that we have not provided the size of the array. In this case, the Java
compiler automatically specifies the size by counting the number of elements
in the array (i.e. 5).
In the Java array, each memory location is associated with a number. The
number is known as an array index. We can also initialize arrays in Java, using
the index number. For example,

// declare an array
int[] age = new int[5];

// initialize array
age[0] = 12;
age[1] = 4;
age[2] = 5;
..

Java Arrays initialization


Note:
• Array indices always start from 0. That is, the first element of an array is at
index 0.

• If the size of an array is n , then the last element of the array will be at index n-
1.

How to Access Elements of an Array in Java?


We can access the element of an array using the index number. Here is the
syntax for accessing elements of an array,

// access array elements


array[index]

Let's see an example of accessing array elements using index numbers.

Example: Access Array Elements


class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {

// create an array
int[] age = {12, 4, 5, 2, 5};

// access each array elements


System.out.println("Accessing Elements of Array:");
System.out.println("First Element: " + age[0]);
System.out.println("Second Element: " + age[1]);
System.out.println("Third Element: " + age[2]);
System.out.println("Fourth Element: " + age[3]);
System.out.println("Fifth Element: " + age[4]);
}
}
Run Code

Output

Accessing Elements of Array:


First Element: 12
Second Element: 4
Third Element: 5
Fourth Element: 2
Fifth Element: 5

In the above example, notice that we are using the index number to access
each element of the array.

We can use loops to access all the elements of the array at once.

Looping Through Array Elements


In Java, we can also loop through each element of the array. For example,

Example: Using For Loop


class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// create an array
int[] age = {12, 4, 5};

// loop through the array


// using for loop
System.out.println("Using for Loop:");
for(int i = 0; i < age.length; i++) {
System.out.println(age[i]);
}
}
}
Run Code

Output

Using for Loop:


12
4
5

In the above example, we are using the for Loop in Java to iterate through each
element of the array. Notice the expression inside the loop,

age.length

Here, we are using the length property of the array to get the size of the array.
We can also use the for-each loop to iterate through the elements of an array.
For example,
Example: Using the for-each Loop
class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {

// create an array
int[] age = {12, 4, 5};

// loop through the array


// using for loop
System.out.println("Using for-each Loop:");
for(int a : age) {
System.out.println(a);
}
}
}
Run Code

Output

Using for-each Loop:


12
4
5

Example: Compute Sum and Average of Array


Elements
class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {

int[] numbers = {2, -9, 0, 5, 12, -25, 22, 9, 8, 12};


int sum = 0;
Double average;

// access all elements using for each loop


// add each element in sum
for (int number: numbers) {
sum += number;
}

// get the total number of elements


int arrayLength = numbers.length;

// calculate the average


// convert the average from int to double
average = ((double)sum / (double)arrayLength);

System.out.println("Sum = " + sum);


System.out.println("Average = " + average);
}
}
Run Code

Output:

Sum = 36
Average = 3.6

In the above example, we have created an array of named numbers . We have


used the for...each loop to access each element of the array.
Inside the loop, we are calculating the sum of each element. Notice the line,

int arrayLength = number.length;

Here, we are using the length attribute of the array to calculate the size of the
array. We then calculate the average using:

average = ((double)sum / (double)arrayLength);

As you can see, we are converting the int value into double . This is called type
casting in Java. To learn more about typecasting, visit Java Type Casting.

Multidimensional Arrays

Arrays we have mentioned till now are called one-dimensional arrays.


However, we can declare multidimensional arrays in Java.

A multidimensional array is an array of arrays. That is, each element of a


multidimensional array is an array itself. For example,

double[][] matrix = {{1.2, 4.3, 4.0},


{4.1, -1.1}
};

Here, we have created a multidimensional array named matrix. It is a 2-


dimensional array. To learn more, visit the Java multidimensional array.
Recommended Readings

• Java Copy Array


• Java Program to Print an Array
• Java Program to Concatenate two Arrays
• Java ArrayList to Array and Array to ArrayList
• Java Dynamic Array

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