Absolutely!
Here's a concise SQL Cheat Sheet with key keywords and their meanings, great for exam
revision:
🗄️ SQL Cheat Sheet: Keywords & Meanings
📊 Data Querying
`SELECT`: Retrieves data from a database.
Example: `SELECT * FROM students;`
`FROM`: Specifies the table to query.
Example: `SELECT name FROM employees;`
`WHERE`: Filters records based on conditions.
Example: `SELECT * FROM products WHERE price > 100;`
`AND`, `OR`, `NOT`: Logical operators in conditions.
Example: `WHERE age > 18 AND status = 'active'`
`ORDER BY`: Sorts result (ASC or DESC).
Example: `ORDER BY name ASC;`
`GROUP BY`: Groups rows with the same values.
Example: `SELECT dept, COUNT(*) FROM staff GROUP BY dept;`
`HAVING`: Filters groups after `GROUP BY`.
Example: `HAVING COUNT(*) > 5`
`LIMIT` / `TOP`: Limits the number of rows returned.
Example: `SELECT * FROM students LIMIT 10;`
🔄 Joins
`INNER JOIN`: Matches records in both tables.
`LEFT JOIN`: All records from left, matched from right.
`RIGHT JOIN`: All from right, matched from left.
`FULL JOIN`: All records when there's a match in either table.
🧱 Data Definition (DDL)
`CREATE TABLE`: Creates a new table.
Example: `CREATE TABLE users (id INT, name VARCHAR(50));`
`ALTER TABLE`: Modifies a table (add/drop column).
Example: `ALTER TABLE users ADD email VARCHAR(100);`
`DROP TABLE`: Deletes a table and its data.
`TRUNCATE TABLE`: Deletes all rows, keeps table structure.
✏️ Data Manipulation (DML)
`INSERT INTO`: Adds new data.
Example: `INSERT INTO users (id, name) VALUES (1, 'Alice');`
`UPDATE`: Modifies existing data.
Example: `UPDATE users SET name = 'Bob' WHERE id = 1;`
`DELETE`: Deletes data.
Example: `DELETE FROM users WHERE id = 1;`
🔐 Data Control & Others
`CREATE INDEX`: Speeds up searches.
`PRIMARY KEY`: Unique identifier for table rows.
`FOREIGN KEY`: Ensures referential integrity.
`UNIQUE`: Column must have unique values.
`CHECK`: Ensures column value meets a condition.
`DEFAULT`: Sets a default value.
`NULL`: Represents missing/unknown value.
`IS NULL / IS NOT NULL`: Checks for null values.
📐 Functions
Aggregate: `COUNT()`, `SUM()`, `AVG()`, `MIN()`, `MAX()`
String: `UPPER()`, `LOWER()`, `LENGTH()`, `SUBSTRING()`
Date: `NOW()`, `CURDATE()`, `DATEDIFF()`
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