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Lesson 2.2 Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML) Advanced

The document provides instructional material on advanced HTML, focusing on creating hyperlinks, including text links, image links, and email links. It explains the use of the <a> tag for hyperlinks, the target attribute for link behavior, and the creation of image maps for mouse-sensitive links. Additionally, it discusses the use of frames in HTML, their disadvantages, and how to create framesets, while noting that frames are deprecated in HTML5.

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5 views

Lesson 2.2 Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML) Advanced

The document provides instructional material on advanced HTML, focusing on creating hyperlinks, including text links, image links, and email links. It explains the use of the <a> tag for hyperlinks, the target attribute for link behavior, and the creation of image maps for mouse-sensitive links. Additionally, it discusses the use of frames in HTML, their disadvantages, and how to create framesets, while noting that frames are deprecated in HTML5.

Uploaded by

pint0antips
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Polytechnic University of the Philippines COMP 20163 WEB DEVELOPMENT

Santa Rosa Branch INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIAL

Lesson 3. Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML) Advanced

Lesson 3.1 HTML Text Links

A webpage can contain various links that take you directly to other pages and even specific parts
of a given page. These links are known as hyperlinks.
Hyperlinks allow visitors to navigate between Web sites by clicking on words, phrases, and
images. Thus you can create hyperlinks using text or images available on a webpage.

Note − I recommend you to go through a short tutorial on Understanding URL

Linking Documents

A link is specified using HTML tag <a>. This tag is called anchor tag and anything between the
opening <a> tag and the closing </a> tag becomes part of the link and a user can click that part
to reach to the linked document. Following is the simple syntax to use <a> tag.
<a href = "Document URL" ... attributes-list>Link Text</a>

Example
Let's try following example which links http://www.tutorialspoint.com at your page –

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<head>
<title>Hyperlink Example</title>
</head>

<body>
<p>Click following link</p>
<a href = "https://www.tutorialspoint.com" target = "_self">Tutorials Point</a>
</body>

</html>

The target Attribute


We have used target attribute in our previous example. This attribute is used to specify the
location where linked document is opened. Following are the possible options −
Sr.No Option & Description

_blank
1
Opens the linked document in a new window or tab.

2 _self
IM Developed by: Date Created: Revision No.
COMP 20163 WEB DEVELOPMENT Page No.
Mr. Owen Harvey Balocon INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIAL October 24, 2023 2023 - 000 ___ of ___
Instructor
Polytechnic University of the Philippines COMP 20163 WEB DEVELOPMENT
Santa Rosa Branch INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIAL

Opens the linked document in the same frame.

_parent
3
Opens the linked document in the parent frame.

_top
4
Opens the linked document in the full body of the window.

targetframe
5
Opens the linked document in a named targetframe.
Example
Try following example to understand basic difference in few options given for target attribute.

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<head>
<title>Hyperlink Example</title>
<base href = "https://www.tutorialspoint.com/">
</head>

<body>
<p>Click any of the following links</p>
<a href = "/html/index.htm" target = "_blank">Opens in New</a> |
<a href = "/html/index.htm" target = "_self">Opens in Self</a> |
<a href = "/html/index.htm" target = "_parent">Opens in Parent</a> |
<a href = "/html/index.htm" target = "_top">Opens in Body</a>
</body>

</html>

Lesson 3.2 HTML Image Links

We have seen how to create hypertext link using text and we also learnt how to use images in
our webpages. Now, we will learn how to use images to create hyperlinks.

Example
It's simple to use an image as hyperlink. We just need to use an image inside hyperlink at the
place of text as shown below −

IM Developed by: Date Created: Revision No.


COMP 20163 WEB DEVELOPMENT Page No.
Mr. Owen Harvey Balocon INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIAL October 24, 2023 2023 - 000 ___ of ___
Instructor
Polytechnic University of the Philippines COMP 20163 WEB DEVELOPMENT
Santa Rosa Branch INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIAL

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<head>
<title>Image Hyperlink Example</title>
</head>

<body>
<p>Click following link</p>
<a href = "https://www.tutorialspoint.com" target = "_self">
<img src = "/images/logo.png" alt = "Tutorials Point" border = "0"/>
</a>
</body>

</html>

This was the simplest way of creating hyperlinks using images. Next we will see how we can
create Mouse-Sensitive Image Links.

Mouse-Sensitive Images

The HTML and XHTML standards provides a feature that lets you embed many different links
inside a single image. You can create different links on the single image based on different
coordinates available on the image. Once different links are attached to different coordinates, we
can click different parts of the image to open target documents. Such mouse-sensitive images
are known as image maps.

There are two ways to create image maps –

• Server-side image maps − This is enabled by the ismap attribute of the <img> tag and
requires access to a server and related image-map processing applications.
• Client-side image maps − This is created with the usemap attribute of the <img> tag,
along with corresponding <map> and <area> tags.

Server-Side Image Maps


Here you simply put your image inside a hyper link and use ismap attribute which makes it special
image and when the user clicks some place within the image, the browser passes the coordinates
of the mouse pointer along with the URL specified in the <a> tag to the web server. The server
uses the mouse-pointer coordinates to determine which document to deliver back to the browser.

When ismap is used, the href attribute of the containing <a> tag must contain the URL of a server
application like a cgi or PHP script etc. to process the incoming request based on the passed
coordinates.

IM Developed by: Date Created: Revision No.


COMP 20163 WEB DEVELOPMENT Page No.
Mr. Owen Harvey Balocon INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIAL October 24, 2023 2023 - 000 ___ of ___
Instructor
Polytechnic University of the Philippines COMP 20163 WEB DEVELOPMENT
Santa Rosa Branch INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIAL

The coordinates of the mouse position are screen pixels counted from the upper-left corner of the
image, beginning with (0,0). The coordinates, preceded by a question mark, are added to the end
of the URL.
For example, if a user clicks 20 pixels over and 30 pixels down from the upper-left corner of the
following image –

Which has been generated by the following code snippet −

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<head>
<title>ISMAP Hyperlink Example</title>
</head>

<body>
<p>Click following link</p>

<a href = "/cgi-bin/ismap.cgi" target = "_self">


<img ismap src = "/images/logo.png" alt = "Tutorials Point" border = "0"/>
</a>
</body>

</html>

Then the browser sends the following search parameters to the web server which can be
processed by ismap.cgi script or map file and you can link whatever documents you like to these
coordinates –

/cgi-bin/ismap.cgi?20,30

Note − You will learn CGI programming when you will study Perl programming. You can write
your script to process these passed coordinates using PHP or any other script as well. For now,
let's concentrate on learning HTML and later you can revisit this section.

Client-Side Image Maps


Client side image maps are enabled by the usemap attribute of the <img /> tag and defined by
special <map> and <area> extension tags.

The image that is going to form the map is inserted into the page using the <img /> tag as a normal
image, except it carries an extra attribute called usemap. The value of the usemap attribute is the
value which will be used in a <map> tag to link map and image tags. The <map> along with
<area> tags define all the image coordinates and corresponding links.

IM Developed by: Date Created: Revision No.


COMP 20163 WEB DEVELOPMENT Page No.
Mr. Owen Harvey Balocon INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIAL October 24, 2023 2023 - 000 ___ of ___
Instructor
Polytechnic University of the Philippines COMP 20163 WEB DEVELOPMENT
Santa Rosa Branch INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIAL

The <area> tag inside the map tag, specifies the shape and the coordinates to define the
boundaries of each clickable hotspot available on the image. Here's an example from the image
map –

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<head>
<title>USEMAP Hyperlink Example</title>
</head>

<body>
<p>Search and click the hotspot</p>
<img src = /images/html.gif alt = "HTML Map" border = "0" usemap = "#html"/>
<!-- Create Mappings -->

<map name = "html">


<area shape = "circle" coords = "80,80,20"
href = "/css/index.htm" alt = "CSS Link" target = "_self" />

<area shape = "rect" coords = "5,5,40,40" alt = "jQuery Link"


href = "/jquery/index.htm" target = "_self" />
</map>
</body>

</html>

Coordinate System
The actual value of coords is totally dependent on the shape in question. Here is a summary, to
be followed by detailed examples −
• rect = x1 , y1 , x2 , y2
x1 and y1 are the coordinates of the upper left corner of the rectangle; x2 and y2 are the
coordinates of the lower right corner.
• circle = xc , yc , radius
xc and yc are the coordinates of the center of the circle, and radius is the circle's radius. A circle
centered at 200,50 with a radius of 25 would have the attribute coords = "200,50,25"
• poly = x1 , y1 , x2 , y2 , x3 , y3 , ... xn , yn
The various x-y pairs define vertices (points) of the polygon, with a "line" being drawn from one
point to the next point. A diamond-shaped polygon with its top point at 20,20 and 40 pixels across
at its widest points would have the attribute coords = "20,20,40,40,20,60,0,40".
All coordinates are relative to the upper-left corner of the image (0,0). Each shape has a related
URL. You can use any image software to know the coordinates of different positions.

IM Developed by: Date Created: Revision No.


COMP 20163 WEB DEVELOPMENT Page No.
Mr. Owen Harvey Balocon INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIAL October 24, 2023 2023 - 000 ___ of ___
Instructor
Polytechnic University of the Philippines COMP 20163 WEB DEVELOPMENT
Santa Rosa Branch INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIAL

Lesson 3.3 HTML Email Links

It is not difficult to put an HTML email link on your webpage but it can cause unnecessary
spamming problem for your email account. There are people, who can run programs to harvest
these types of emails and later use them for spamming in various ways.

You can have another option to facilitate people to send you emails. One option could be to use
HTML forms to collect user data and then use PHP or CGI script to send an email.

\A simple example, check our Contact Us Form. We take user feedback using this form and then
we are using one CGI program which is collecting this information and sending us email to the
one given email ID.

HTML Email Tag


HTML <a> tag provides you option to specify an email address to send an email. While using <a>
tag as an email tag, you will use mailto: email address along with href attribute. Following is the
syntax of using mailto instead of using http.

<a href = "mailto: [email protected]">Send Email</a>

Send Email

Now, if a user clicks this link, it launches one Email Client (like Lotus Notes, Outlook Express etc.
) installed on your user's computer. There is another risk to use this option to send email because
if user do not have email client installed on their computer then it would not be possible to send
email.

Default Settings
You can specify a default email subject and email body along with your email address. Following
is the example to use default subject and body.
<a href = "mailto:[email protected]?subject = Feedback&body = Message">
Send Feedback
</a>

Lesson 3.4 Frames

HTML frames are used to divide your browser window into multiple sections where each section
can load a separate HTML document. A collection of frames in the browser window is known as
a frameset. The window is divided into frames in a similar way the tables are organized: into rows
and columns.

Disadvantages of Frames
There are few drawbacks with using frames, so it's never recommended to use frames in your
webpages −

IM Developed by: Date Created: Revision No.


COMP 20163 WEB DEVELOPMENT Page No.
Mr. Owen Harvey Balocon INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIAL October 24, 2023 2023 - 000 ___ of ___
Instructor
Polytechnic University of the Philippines COMP 20163 WEB DEVELOPMENT
Santa Rosa Branch INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIAL

• Some smaller devices cannot cope with frames often because their screen is not big
enough to be divided up.
• Sometimes your page will be displayed differently on different computers due to different
screen resolution.
• The browser's back button might not work as the user hopes.
• There are still few browsers that do not support frame technology.

Creating Frames
To use frames on a page we use <frameset> tag instead of <body> tag. The <frameset> tag
defines, how to divide the window into frames. The rows attribute of <frameset> tag defines
horizontal frames and cols attribute defines vertical frames. Each frame is indicated by <frame>
tag and it defines which HTML document shall open into the frame.

Note − The <frame> tag deprecated in HTML5. Do not use this element.
Example

Following is the example to create three horizontal frames −

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<head>
<title>HTML Frames</title>
</head>

<frameset rows = "10%,80%,10%">


<frame name = "top" src = "/html/top_frame.htm" />
<frame name = "main" src = "/html/main_frame.htm" />
<frame name = "bottom" src = "/html/bottom_frame.htm" />

<noframes>
<body>Your browser does not support frames.</body>
</noframes>

</frameset>

</html>

Example
Let's put the above example as follows, here we replaced rows attribute by cols and changed
their width. This will create all the three frames vertically −

IM Developed by: Date Created: Revision No.


COMP 20163 WEB DEVELOPMENT Page No.
Mr. Owen Harvey Balocon INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIAL October 24, 2023 2023 - 000 ___ of ___
Instructor
Polytechnic University of the Philippines COMP 20163 WEB DEVELOPMENT
Santa Rosa Branch INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIAL

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<head>
<title>HTML Frames</title>
</head>

<frameset cols = "25%,50%,25%">


<frame name = "left" src = "/html/top_frame.htm" />
<frame name = "center" src = "/html/main_frame.htm" />
<frame name = "right" src = "/html/bottom_frame.htm" />

<noframes>
<body>Your browser does not support frames.</body>
</noframes>
</frameset>

</html>

The <frameset> Tag Attributes


Following are important attributes of the <frameset> tag −
Sr.No Attribute & Description

cols
Specifies how many columns are contained in the frameset and the size of
each column. You can specify the width of each column in one of the four ways
−
Absolute values in pixels. For example, to create three vertical frames,
use cols = "100, 500, 100".
A percentage of the browser window. For example, to create three vertical
1 frames, use cols = "10%, 80%, 10%".
Using a wildcard symbol. For example, to create three vertical frames,
use cols = "10%, *, 10%". In this case wildcard takes remainder of the window.
As relative widths of the browser window. For example, to create three vertical
frames, use cols = "3*, 2*, 1*". This is an alternative to percentages. You can
use relative widths of the browser window. Here the window is divided into
sixths: the first column takes up half of the window, the second takes one third,
and the third takes one sixth.

rows
This attribute works just like the cols attribute and takes the same values, but
2 it is used to specify the rows in the frameset. For example, to create two
horizontal frames, use rows = "10%, 90%". You can specify the height of each
row in the same way as explained above for columns.

IM Developed by: Date Created: Revision No.


COMP 20163 WEB DEVELOPMENT Page No.
Mr. Owen Harvey Balocon INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIAL October 24, 2023 2023 - 000 ___ of ___
Instructor
Polytechnic University of the Philippines COMP 20163 WEB DEVELOPMENT
Santa Rosa Branch INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIAL

border
3 This attribute specifies the width of the border of each frame in pixels. For
example, border = "5". A value of zero means no border.

frameborder
This attribute specifies whether a three-dimensional border should be
4
displayed between frames. This attribute takes value either 1 (yes) or 0 (no).
For example frameborder = "0" specifies no border.

framespacing
This attribute specifies the amount of space between frames in a frameset.
5
This can take any integer value. For example framespacing = "10" means
there should be 10 pixels spacing between each frames.

The <frame> Tag Attributes


Following are the important attributes of <frame> tag −
Sr.No Attribute & Description

src
This attribute is used to give the file name that should be loaded in the frame.
1
Its value can be any URL. For example, src = "/html/top_frame.htm" will load
an HTML file available in html directory.

name
This attribute allows you to give a name to a frame. It is used to indicate which
frame a document should be loaded into. This is especially important when
2
you want to create links in one frame that load pages into an another frame, in
which case the second frame needs a name to identify itself as the target of
the link.

frameborder
This attribute specifies whether or not the borders of that frame are shown; it
3
overrides the value given in the frameborder attribute on the <frameset> tag if
one is given, and this can take values either 1 (yes) or 0 (no).

marginwidth
This attribute allows you to specify the width of the space between the left and
4
right of the frame's borders and the frame's content. The value is given in
pixels. For example marginwidth = "10".

marginheight
This attribute allows you to specify the height of the space between the top
5
and bottom of the frame's borders and its contents. The value is given in pixels.
For example marginheight = "10".

IM Developed by: Date Created: Revision No.


COMP 20163 WEB DEVELOPMENT Page No.
Mr. Owen Harvey Balocon INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIAL October 24, 2023 2023 - 000 ___ of ___
Instructor
Polytechnic University of the Philippines COMP 20163 WEB DEVELOPMENT
Santa Rosa Branch INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIAL

noresize
By default, you can resize any frame by clicking and dragging on the borders
6
of a frame. The noresize attribute prevents a user from being able to resize the
frame. For example noresize = "noresize".

scrolling
This attribute controls the appearance of the scrollbars that appear on the
7
frame. This takes values either "yes", "no" or "auto". For example scrolling =
"no" means it should not have scroll bars.

longdesc
This attribute allows you to provide a link to another page containing a long
8
description of the contents of the frame. For example longdesc =
"framedescription.htm"

Browser Support for Frames

If a user is using any old browser or any browser, which does not support frames then <noframes>
element should be displayed to the user.

So you must place a <body> element inside the <noframes> element because the <frameset>
element is supposed to replace the <body> element, but if a browser does not understand
<frameset> element then it should understand what is inside the <body> element which is
contained in a <noframes> element.

You can put some nice message for your user having old browsers. For example, Sorry!! your
browser does not support frames. as shown in the above example.

Frame's name and target attributes


One of the most popular uses of frames is to place navigation bars in one frame and then load
main pages into a separate frame.
Let's see following example where a test.htm file has following code −

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<head>
<title>HTML Target Frames</title>
</head>

<frameset cols = "200, *">


<frame src = "/html/menu.htm" name = "menu_page" />
<frame src = "/html/main.htm" name = "main_page" />

<noframes>
IM Developed by: Date Created: Revision No.
COMP 20163 WEB DEVELOPMENT Page No.
Mr. Owen Harvey Balocon INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIAL October 24, 2023 2023 - 000 ___ of ___
Instructor
Polytechnic University of the Philippines COMP 20163 WEB DEVELOPMENT
Santa Rosa Branch INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIAL

<body>Your browser does not support frames.</body>


</noframes>
</frameset>

</html>

Here, we have created two columns to fill with two frames. The first frame is 200 pixels wide and
will contain the navigation menu bar implemented by menu.htm file. The second column fills in
remaining space and will contain the main part of the page and it is implemented by main.htm file.

For all the three links available in menu bar, we have mentioned target frame as main_page, so
whenever you click any of the links in menu bar, available link will open in main page.
Following is the content of menu.htm file

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<body bgcolor = "#4a7d49">


<a href = "http://www.google.com" target = "main_page">Google</a>
<br />
<br />

<a href = "http://www.microsoft.com" target = "main_page">Microsoft</a>


<br />
<br />

<a href = "http://news.bbc.co.uk" target = "main_page">BBC News</a>


</body>

</html>

Following is the content of main.htm file –

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<body bgcolor = "#b5dcb3">


<h3>This is main page and content from any link will be displayed here.</h3>
<p>So now click any link and see the result.</p>
</body>

</html>

IM Developed by: Date Created: Revision No.


COMP 20163 WEB DEVELOPMENT Page No.
Mr. Owen Harvey Balocon INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIAL October 24, 2023 2023 - 000 ___ of ___
Instructor
Polytechnic University of the Philippines COMP 20163 WEB DEVELOPMENT
Santa Rosa Branch INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIAL

Now you can try to click links available in the left panel and see the result. The targetattribute can
also take one of the following values −
Sr.No Option & Description

_self
1
Loads the page into the current frame.

_blank
2
Loads a page into a new browser window. Opening a new window.

_parent
3 Loads the page into the parent window, which in the case of a single frameset is the main browse
window.

_top
4
Loads the page into the browser window, replacing any current frames.

targetframe
5
Loads the page into a named targetframe.

Lesson 3.5 IFrames

You can define an inline frame with HTML tag <iframe>. The <iframe> tag is not somehow related
to <frameset> tag, instead, it can appear anywhere in your document. The <iframe> tag defines
a rectangular region within the document in which the browser can display a separate document,
including scrollbars and borders. An inline frame is used to embed another document within the
current HTML document.

The src attribute is used to specify the URL of the document that occupies the inline frame.
Example
Following is the example to show how to use the<iframe> −

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<head>
<title>HTML Iframes</title>
</head>

<body>
<p>Document content goes here...</p>

<iframe src = "/html/menu.htm" width = "555" height = "200">


Sorry your browser does not support inline frames.
</iframe>
IM Developed by: Date Created: Revision No.
COMP 20163 WEB DEVELOPMENT Page No.
Mr. Owen Harvey Balocon INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIAL October 24, 2023 2023 - 000 ___ of ___
Instructor
Polytechnic University of the Philippines COMP 20163 WEB DEVELOPMENT
Santa Rosa Branch INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIAL

<p>Document content also go here...</p>


</body>

</html>

The <Iframe> Tag Attributes


Most of the attributes of the <iframe> tag, including name, class, frameborder, id, longdesc,
marginheight, marginwidth, name, scrolling, style, and title behave exactly like the corresponding
attributes for the <frame> tag.
Note − The frameborder, marginwidth, longdesc, scrolling, marginheight attributes deprecated in
HTML5. Do not use these attributes.
Sr.No Attribute & Description

src
This attribute is used to give the file name that should be loaded in the frame. Its value can
1
be any URL. For example, src = "/html/top_frame.htm" will load an HTML file available in
html directory.

name
This attribute allows you to give a name to a frame. It is used to indicate which frame a
2 document should be loaded into. This is especially important when you want to create links
in one frame that load pages into an another frame, in which case the second frame needs
a name to identify itself as the target of the link.

frameborder
This attribute specifies whether or not the borders of that frame are shown; it overrides the
3
value given in the frameborder attribute on the <frameset> tag if one is given, and this can
take values either 1 (yes) or 0 (no).

marginwidth
This attribute allows you to specify the width of the space between the left and right of the
4
frame's borders and the frame's content. The value is given in pixels. For example
marginwidth = "10".

marginheight
This attribute allows you to specify the height of the space between the top and bottom of
5
the frame's borders and its contents. The value is given in pixels. For example marginheight
= "10".

height
6
This attribute specifies the height of <iframe>.

IM Developed by: Date Created: Revision No.


COMP 20163 WEB DEVELOPMENT Page No.
Mr. Owen Harvey Balocon INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIAL October 24, 2023 2023 - 000 ___ of ___
Instructor
Polytechnic University of the Philippines COMP 20163 WEB DEVELOPMENT
Santa Rosa Branch INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIAL

scrolling
This attribute controls the appearance of the scrollbars that appear on the frame. This takes
7
values either "yes", "no" or "auto". For example scrolling = "no" means it should not have
scroll bars.

longdesc
8 This attribute allows you to provide a link to another page containing a long description of
the contents of the frame. For example longdesc = "framedescription.htm"

width
9
This attribute specifies the width of <iframe>

Lesson 3.6 Blocks

All the HTML elements can be categorized into two categories (a) Block Level Elements (b)Inline
Elements.

Block Elements
Block elements appear on the screen as if they have a line break before and after them. For
example, the <p>, <h1>, <h2>, <h3>, <h4>, <h5>, <h6>, <ul>, <ol>, <dl>, <pre>, <hr />,
<blockquote>, and <address> elements are all block level elements. They all start on their own
new line, and anything that follows them appears on its own new line.

Inline Elements
Inline elements, on the other hand, can appear within sentences and do not have to appear on a
new line of their own. The <b>, <i>, <u>, <em>, <strong>, <sup>, <sub>, <big>, <small>, <li>,
<ins>, <del>, <code>, <cite>, <dfn>, <kbd>, and <var> elements are all inline elements.

Grouping HTML Elements


There are two important tags which we use very frequently to group various other HTML tags (i)
<div> tag and (ii) <span> tag

The <div> tag


This is the very important block level tag which plays a big role in grouping various other HTML
tags and applying CSS on group of elements. Even now <div> tag can be used to create webpage
layout where we define different parts (Left, Right, Top etc.) of the page using <div> tag. This tag
does not provide any visual change on the block but this has more meaning when it is used with
CSS.
Example
Following is a simple example of <div> tag. We will learn Cascading Style Sheet (CSS) in a
separate chapter but we used it here to show the usage of <div> tag −

IM Developed by: Date Created: Revision No.


COMP 20163 WEB DEVELOPMENT Page No.
Mr. Owen Harvey Balocon INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIAL October 24, 2023 2023 - 000 ___ of ___
Instructor
Polytechnic University of the Philippines COMP 20163 WEB DEVELOPMENT
Santa Rosa Branch INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIAL

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<head>
<title>HTML div Tag</title>
</head>

<body>
<!-- First group of tags -->
<div style = "color:red">
<h4>This is first group</h4>
<p>Following is a list of vegetables</p>

<ul>
<li>Beetroot</li>
<li>Ginger</li>
<li>Potato</li>
<li>Radish</li>
</ul>
</div>

<!-- Second group of tags -->


<div style = "color:green">
<h4>This is second group</h4>
<p>Following is a list of fruits</p>

<ul>
<li>Apple</li>
<li>Banana</li>
<li>Mango</li>
<li>Strawberry</li>
</ul>
</div>
</body>

</html>

The <span> tag


The HTML <span> is an inline element and it can be used to group inline-elements in an HTML
document. This tag also does not provide any visual change on the block but has more meaning
when it is used with CSS.
The difference between the <span> tag and the <div> tag is that the <span> tag is used with inline
elements whereas the <div> tag is used with block-level elements.
Example

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Following is a simple example of <span> tag. We will learn Cascading Style Sheet (CSS) in a
separate chapter but we used it here to show the usage of <span> tag −

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<head>
<title>HTML span Tag</title>
</head>

<body>
<p>This is <span style = "color:red">red</span> and this is
<span style = "color:green">green</span></p>
</body>

</html>

Lesson 3.7 Backgrounds

By default, your webpage background is white in color. You may not like it, but no worries. HTML
provides you following two good ways to decorate your webpage background.

• HTML Background with Colors


• HTML Background with Images

Now let's see both the approaches one by one using appropriate examples.
Html Background with Colors

The bgcolor attribute is used to control the background of an HTML element, specifically page
body and table backgrounds.

Note − The bgcolor attribute deprecated in HTML5. Do not use this attribute.
Following is the syntax to use bgcolor attribute with any HTML tag.

<tagname bgcolor = "color_value"...>


This color_value can be given in any of the following formats −
<!-- Format 1 - Use color name -->
<table bgcolor = "lime" >

<!-- Format 2 - Use hex value -->


<table bgcolor = "#f1f1f1" >

<!-- Format 3 - Use color value in RGB terms -->


<table bgcolor = "rgb(0,0,120)" >
Example

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Here are the examples to set background of an HTML tag −

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<head>
<title>HTML Background Colors</title>
</head>

<body>
<!-- Format 1 - Use color name -->
<table bgcolor = "yellow" width = "100%">
<tr>
<td>
This background is yellow
</td>
</tr>
</table>

<!-- Format 2 - Use hex value -->


<table bgcolor = "#6666FF" width = "100%">
<tr>
<td>
This background is sky blue
</td>
</tr>
</table>

<!-- Format 3 - Use color value in RGB terms -->


<table bgcolor = "rgb(255,0,255)" width = "100%">
<tr>
<td>
This background is green
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>

</html>

Html Background with Images

The background attribute can also be used to control the background of an HTML element,
specifically page body and table backgrounds. You can specify an image to set background of
your HTML page or table.

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Note − The background attribute deprecated in HTML5. Do not use this attribute.
Following is the syntax to use background attribute with any HTML tag.
Note − The background attribute is deprecated and it is recommended to use Style Sheet for
background setting.

<tagname background = "Image URL"...>


The most frequently used image formats are JPEG, GIF and PNG images.
Here are the examples to set background images of a table.

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<head>
<title>HTML Background Images</title>
</head>

<body>
<!-- Set table background -->
<table background = "/images/html.gif" width = "100%" height = "100">
<tr><td>
This background is filled up with HTML image.
</td></tr>
</table>
</body>

</html>

Patterned & Transparent Backgrounds


You might have seen many pattern or transparent backgrounds on various websites. This simply
can be achieved by using patterned image or transparent image in the background.
It is suggested that while creating patterns or transparent GIF or PNG images, use the smallest
dimensions possible even as small as 1x1 to avoid slow loading.
Example
Here are the examples to set background pattern of a table −

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<head>
<title>HTML Background Images</title>
</head>

<body>
<!-- Set a table background using pattern -->
<table background = "/images/pattern1.gif" width = "100%" height = "100">

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<tr>
<td>
This background is filled up with a pattern image.
</td>
</tr>
</table>

<!-- Another example on table background using pattern -->


<table background = "/images/pattern2.gif" width = "100%" height = "100">
<tr>
<td>
This background is filled up with a pattern image.
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>

</html>

Lesson 3.8 Colors

Colors are very important to give a good look and feel to your website. You can specify colors on
page level using <body> tag or you can set colors for individual tags using bgcolor attribute.
The <body> tag has following attributes which can be used to set different colors –

• bgcolor − sets a color for the background of the page.


• text − sets a color for the body text.
• alink − sets a color for active links or selected links.
• link − sets a color for linked text.
• vlink − sets a color for visited links − that is, for linked text that you have already clicked
on.

HTML Color Coding Methods


There are following three different methods to set colors in your web page −
• Color names − You can specify color names directly like green, blue or red.
• Hex codes − A six-digit code representing the amount of red, green, and blue that makes
up the color.
• Color decimal or percentage values − This value is specified using the rgb( ) property.

Now we will see these coloring schemes one by one.


HTML Colors - Color Names
You can specify direct a color name to set text or background color. W3C has listed 16 basic color
names that will validate with an HTML validator but there are over 200 different color names
supported by major browsers.

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W3C Standard 16 Colors


Here is the list of W3C Standard 16 Colors names and it is recommended to use them.

Example
Here are the examples to set background of an HTML tag by color name −

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<head>
<title>HTML Colors by Name</title>
</head>

<body text = "blue" bgcolor = "green">


<p>Use different color names for for body and table and see the result.</p>

<table bgcolor = "black">


<tr>
<td>
<font color = "white">This text will appear white on black background.</font>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>

</html>

HTML Colors - Hex Codes


A hexadecimal is a 6 digit representation of a color. The first two digits(RR) represent a red value,
the next two are a green value(GG), and the last are the blue value(BB).
A hexadecimal value can be taken from any graphics software like Adobe Photoshop, Paintshop
Pro or MS Paint.
Each hexadecimal code will be preceded by a pound or hash sign #. Following is a list of few
colors using hexadecimal notation.

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Example
Here are the examples to set background of an HTML tag by color code in hexadecimal −

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<head>
<title>HTML Colors by Hex</title>
</head>

<body text = "#0000FF" bgcolor = "#00FF00">


<p>Use different color hexa for for body and table and see the result.</p>

<table bgcolor = "#000000">


<tr>
<td>
<font color = "#FFFFFF">This text will appear white on black background.</font>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>

</html>

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HTML Colors - RGB Values


This color value is specified using the rgb( ) property. This property takes three values, one each
for red, green, and blue. The value can be an integer between 0 and 255 or a percentage.
Note − All the browsers does not support rgb() property of color so it is recommended not to use
it.
Following is a list to show few colors using RGB values.

Example
Here are the examples to set background of an HTML tag by color code using rgb() values −

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<head>
<title>HTML Colors by RGB code</title>
</head>

<body text = "rgb(0,0,255)" bgcolor = "rgb(0,255,0)">


<p>Use different color code for for body and table and see the result.</p>

<table bgcolor = "rgb(0,0,0)">


<tr>
<td>
<font color = "rgb(255,255,255)">This text will appear white on black
background.</font>
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</td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>

</html>

Browser Safe Colors


Here is the list of 216 colors which are supposed to be safest and computer independent colors.
These colors very from hexa code 000000 to FFFFFF and they will be supported by all the
computers having 256 color palette.

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Lesson 3.9 Fonts

Fonts play a very important role in making a website more user friendly and increasing content
readability. Font face and color depends entirely on the computer and browser that is being used
to view your page but you can use HTML <font> tag to add style, size, and color to the text on
your website. You can use a <basefont> tag to set all of your text to the same size, face, and
color.

The font tag is having three attributes called size, color, and face to customize your fonts. To
change any of the font attributes at any time within your webpage, simply use the <font> tag. The
text that follows will remain changed until you close with the </font> tag. You can change one or
all of the font attributes within one <font> tag.

Note −The font and basefont tags are deprecated and it is supposed to be removed in a future
version of HTML. So they should not be used rather, it's suggested to use CSS styles to
manipulate your fonts. But still for learning purpose, this chapter will explain font and basefont
tags in detail.

Set Font Size


You can set content font size using size attribute. The range of accepted values is from
1(smallest) to 7(largest). The default size of a font is 3.
Example

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<head>
<title>Setting Font Size</title>
</head>
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<body>
<font size = "1">Font size = "1"</font><br />
<font size = "2">Font size = "2"</font><br />
<font size = "3">Font size = "3"</font><br />
<font size = "4">Font size = "4"</font><br />
<font size = "5">Font size = "5"</font><br />
<font size = "6">Font size = "6"</font><br />
<font size = "7">Font size = "7"</font>
</body>

</html>

Relative Font Size


You can specify how many sizes larger or how many sizes smaller than the preset font size should
be. You can specify it like <font size = "+n"> or <font size = "−n">
Example

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<head>
<title>Relative Font Size</title>
</head>

<body>
<font size = "-1">Font size = "-1"</font><br />
<font size = "+1">Font size = "+1"</font><br />
<font size = "+2">Font size = "+2"</font><br />
<font size = "+3">Font size = "+3"</font><br />
<font size = "+4">Font size = "+4"</font>
</body>

</html>

Setting Font Face


You can set font face using face attribute but be aware that if the user viewing the page doesn't
have the font installed, they will not be able to see it. Instead user will see the default font face
applicable to the user's computer.
Example

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<head>

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<title>Font Face</title>
</head>

<body>
<font face = "Times New Roman" size = "5">Times New Roman</font><br />
<font face = "Verdana" size = "5">Verdana</font><br />
<font face = "Comic sans MS" size =" 5">Comic Sans MS</font><br />
<font face = "WildWest" size = "5">WildWest</font><br />
<font face = "Bedrock" size = "5">Bedrock</font><br />
</body>

</html>

Specify alternate font faces


A visitor will only be able to see your font if they have that font installed on their computer. So, it
is possible to specify two or more font face alternatives by listing the font face names, separated
by a comma.
<font face = "arial,helvetica">
<font face = "Lucida Calligraphy,Comic Sans MS,Lucida Console">
When your page is loaded, their browser will display the first font face available. If none of the
given fonts are installed, then it will display the default font face Times New Roman.

Setting Font Color


You can set any font color you like using color attribute. You can specify the color that you want
by either the color name or hexadecimal code for that color.

Example

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<head>
<title>Setting Font Color</title>
</head>

<body>
<font color = "#FF00FF">This text is in pink</font><br />
<font color = "red">This text is red</font>
</body>

</html>

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The <basefont> Element


The <basefont> element is supposed to set a default font size, color, and typeface for any parts
of the document that are not otherwise contained within a <font> tag. You can use the <font>
elements to override the <basefont> settings.
The <basefont> tag also takes color, size and face attributes and it will support relative font setting
by giving size a value of +1 for a size larger or −2 for two sizes smaller.
Example

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<head>
<title>Setting Basefont Color</title>
</head>

<body>
<basefont face = "arial, verdana, sans-serif" size = "2" color = "#ff0000">
<p>This is the page's default font.</p>
<h2>Example of the &lt;basefont&gt; Element</h2>

<p><font size = "+2" color = "darkgray">


This is darkgray text with two sizes larger
</font>
</p>

<p><font face = "courier" size = "-1" color = "#000000">


It is a courier font, a size smaller and black in color.
</font>
</p>
</body>

</html>

Lesson 3.9 Forms

HTML Forms are required, when you want to collect some data from the site visitor. For example,
during user registration you would like to collect information such as name, email address, credit
card, etc.

A form will take input from the site visitor and then will post it to a back-end application such as
CGI, ASP Script or PHP script etc. The back-end application will perform required processing on
the passed data based on defined business logic inside the application.
There are various form elements available like text fields, textarea fields, drop-down menus, radio
buttons, checkboxes, etc.

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The HTML <form> tag is used to create an HTML form and it has following syntax −
<form action = "Script URL" method = "GET|POST">
form elements like input, textarea etc.
</form>

Form Attributes
Apart from common attributes, following is a list of the most frequently used form attributes −
Sr.No Attribute & Description

action
1
Backend script ready to process your passed data.

method
2
Method to be used to upload data. The most frequently used are GET and POST methods.

target
3 Specify the target window or frame where the result of the script will be displayed. It takes
values like _blank, _self, _parent etc.

enctype
You can use the enctype attribute to specify how the browser encodes the data before it
sends it to the server. Possible values are −
4 application/x-www-form-urlencoded − This is the standard method most forms use in
simple scenarios.
mutlipart/form-data − This is used when you want to upload binary data in the form of
files like image, word file etc.

HTML Form Controls


There are different types of form controls that you can use to collect data using HTML form −
• Text Input Controls
• Checkboxes Controls
• Radio Box Controls
• Select Box Controls
• File Select boxes
• Hidden Controls
• Clickable Buttons
• Submit and Reset Button

Text Input Controls


There are three types of text input used on forms −
• Single-line text input controls − This control is used for items that require only one line
of user input, such as search boxes or names. They are created using HTML <input> tag.
• Password input controls − This is also a single-line text input but it masks the character
as soon as a user enters it. They are also created using HTMl <input> tag.

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• Multi-line text input controls − This is used when the user is required to give details that
may be longer than a single sentence. Multi-line input controls are created using
HTML <textarea> tag.

Single-line text input controls


This control is used for items that require only one line of user input, such as search boxes or
names. They are created using HTML <input> tag.
Example
Here is a basic example of a single-line text input used to take first name and last name −

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<head>
<title>Text Input Control</title>
</head>

<body>
<form >
First name: <input type = "text" name = "first_name" />
<br>
Last name: <input type = "text" name = "last_name" />
</form>
</body>

</html>

Attributes
Following is the list of attributes for <input> tag for creating text field.
Sr.No Attribute & Description

type
1
Indicates the type of input control and for text input control it will be set to text.

name
2 Used to give a name to the control which is sent to the server to be recognized and get the
value.

value
3
This can be used to provide an initial value inside the control.

size
4
Allows to specify the width of the text-input control in terms of characters.

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maxlength
5
Allows to specify the maximum number of characters a user can enter into the text box.
Password input controls
This is also a single-line text input but it masks the character as soon as a user enters it. They
are also created using HTML <input>tag but type attribute is set to password.
Example
Here is a basic example of a single-line password input used to take user password −

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<head>
<title>Password Input Control</title>
</head>

<body>
<form >
User ID : <input type = "text" name = "user_id" />
<br>
Password: <input type = "password" name = "password" />
</form>
</body>

</html>

Attributes
Following is the list of attributes for <input> tag for creating password field.
Sr.No Attribute & Description

type
1
Indicates the type of input control and for password input control it will be set to password.

name
2 Used to give a name to the control which is sent to the server to be recognized and get the
value.

value
3
This can be used to provide an initial value inside the control.

size
4
Allows to specify the width of the text-input control in terms of characters.

maxlength
5
Allows to specify the maximum number of characters a user can enter into the text box.
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Multiple-Line Text Input Controls


This is used when the user is required to give details that may be longer than a single sentence.
Multi-line input controls are created using HTML <textarea> tag.
Example
Here is a basic example of a multi-line text input used to take item description −

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<head>
<title>Multiple-Line Input Control</title>
</head>

<body>
<form>
Description : <br />
<textarea rows = "5" cols = "50" name = "description">
Enter description here...
</textarea>
</form>
</body>

</html>

Attributes
Following is the list of attributes for <textarea> tag.
Sr.No Attribute & Description

name
1 Used to give a name to the control which is sent to the server to be recognized
and get the value.

rows
2
Indicates the number of rows of text area box.

cols
3
Indicates the number of columns of text area box
Checkbox Control
Checkboxes are used when more than one option is required to be selected. They are also
created using HTML <input> tag but type attribute is set to checkbox..
Example
Here is an example HTML code for a form with two checkboxes −

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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<head>
<title>Checkbox Control</title>
</head>

<body>
<form>
<input type = "checkbox" name = "maths" value = "on"> Maths
<input type = "checkbox" name = "physics" value = "on"> Physics
</form>
</body>

</html>

Attributes
Following is the list of attributes for <checkbox> tag.
Sr.No Attribute & Description

type
1 Indicates the type of input control and for checkbox input control it will be set
to checkbox..

name
2 Used to give a name to the control which is sent to the server to be recognized and
get the value.

value
3
The value that will be used if the checkbox is selected.

checked
4
Set to checked if you want to select it by default.
Radio Button Control
Radio buttons are used when out of many options, just one option is required to be selected. They
are also created using HTML <input> tag but type attribute is set to radio.
Example
Here is example HTML code for a form with two radio buttons −

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<head>
<title>Radio Box Control</title>
</head>
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<body>
<form>
<input type = "radio" name = "subject" value = "maths"> Maths
<input type = "radio" name = "subject" value = "physics"> Physics
</form>
</body>

</html>

Attributes
Following is the list of attributes for radio button.
Sr.No Attribute & Description

type
1
Indicates the type of input control and for checkbox input control it will be set to radio.

name
2 Used to give a name to the control which is sent to the server to be recognized and get
the value.

value
3
The value that will be used if the radio box is selected.

checked
4
Set to checked if you want to select it by default.
Select Box Control
A select box, also called drop down box which provides option to list down various options in the
form of drop down list, from where a user can select one or more options.
Example
Here is example HTML code for a form with one drop down box

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<head>
<title>Select Box Control</title>
</head>

<body>
<form>
<select name = "dropdown">
<option value = "Maths" selected>Maths</option>
<option value = "Physics">Physics</option>
</select>
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</form>
</body>

</html>

Attributes
Following is the list of important attributes of <select> tag −
Sr.No Attribute & Description

name
1 Used to give a name to the control which is sent to the server to be recognized and get the
value.

size
2
This can be used to present a scrolling list box.

multiple
3
If set to "multiple" then allows a user to select multiple items from the menu.
Following is the list of important attributes of <option> tag −
Sr.No Attribute & Description

value
1
The value that will be used if an option in the select box box is selected.

selected
2
Specifies that this option should be the initially selected value when the page loads.

label
3
An alternative way of labeling options
File Upload Box
If you want to allow a user to upload a file to your web site, you will need to use a file upload box,
also known as a file select box. This is also created using the <input> element but type attribute
is set to file.
Example
Here is example HTML code for a form with one file upload box −

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<head>
<title>File Upload Box</title>
</head>

<body>
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Mr. Owen Harvey Balocon INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIAL October 24, 2023 2023 - 000 ___ of ___
Instructor
Polytechnic University of the Philippines COMP 20163 WEB DEVELOPMENT
Santa Rosa Branch INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIAL

<form>
<input type = "file" name = "fileupload" accept = "image/*" />
</form>
</body>

</html>

Attributes
Following is the list of important attributes of file upload box −
Sr.No Attribute & Description

name
1 Used to give a name to the control which is sent to the server to be recognized and get the
value.

accept
2
Specifies the types of files that the server accepts.
Button Controls
There are various ways in HTML to create clickable buttons. You can also create a clickable button
using <input>tag by setting its type attribute to button. The type attribute can take the following
values −
Sr.No Type & Description

submit
1
This creates a button that automatically submits a form.

reset
2
This creates a button that automatically resets form controls to their initial values.

button
3 This creates a button that is used to trigger a client-side script when the user clicks that
button.

image
4
This creates a clickable button but we can use an image as background of the button.
Example
Here is example HTML code for a form with three types of buttons −

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<head>
<title>File Upload Box</title>
</head>
IM Developed by: Date Created: Revision No.
COMP 20163 WEB DEVELOPMENT Page No.
Mr. Owen Harvey Balocon INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIAL October 24, 2023 2023 - 000 ___ of ___
Instructor
Polytechnic University of the Philippines COMP 20163 WEB DEVELOPMENT
Santa Rosa Branch INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIAL

<body>
<form>
<input type = "submit" name = "submit" value = "Submit" />
<input type = "reset" name = "reset" value = "Reset" />
<input type = "button" name = "ok" value = "OK" />
<input type = "image" name = "imagebutton" src = "/html/images/logo.png" />
</form>
</body>

</html>

Hidden Form Controls


Hidden form controls are used to hide data inside the page which later on can be pushed to the
server. This control hides inside the code and does not appear on the actual page. For example,
following hidden form is being used to keep current page number. When a user will click next
page then the value of hidden control will be sent to the web server and there it will decide which
page will be displayed next based on the passed current page.
Example
Here is example HTML code to show the usage of hidden control −

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<head>
<title>File Upload Box</title>
</head>

<body>
<form>
<p>This is page 10</p>
<input type = "hidden" name = "pagename" value = "10" />
<input type = "submit" name = "submit" value = "Submit" />
<input type = "reset" name = "reset" value = "Reset" />
</form>
</body>

</html>

IM Developed by: Date Created: Revision No.


COMP 20163 WEB DEVELOPMENT Page No.
Mr. Owen Harvey Balocon INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIAL October 24, 2023 2023 - 000 ___ of ___
Instructor
Polytechnic University of the Philippines COMP 20163 WEB DEVELOPMENT
Santa Rosa Branch INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIAL

Lesson 3.10 HTML Marquees

An HTML marquee is a scrolling piece of text displayed either horizontally across or vertically
down your webpage depending on the settings. This is created by using HTML <marquees> tag.
Note − The <marquee> tag deprecated in HTML5. Do not use this element, instead you can use
JavaScript and CSS to create such effects.

Syntax
A simple syntax to use HTML <marquee> tag is as follows −
<marquee attribute_name = "attribute_value"....more attributes>
One or more lines or text message or image
</marquee>

The <marquee> Tag Attributes


Following is the list of important attributes which can be used with <marquee> tag.
Sr.No Attribute & Description

width
1
This specifies the width of the marquee. This can be a value like 10 or 20% etc.

height
2
This specifies the height of the marquee. This can be a value like 10 or 20% etc.

direction
3 This specifies the direction in which marquee should scroll. This can be a value like up,
down, left or right.

behavior
4 This specifies the type of scrolling of the marquee. This can have a value like scroll,
slide and alternate.

scrolldelay
5
This specifies how long to delay between each jump. This will have a value like 10 etc.

scrollamount
6
This specifies the speed of marquee text. This can have a value like 10 etc.

loop
7 This specifies how many times to loop. The default value is INFINITE, which means that the
marquee loops endlessly.

bgcolor
8
This specifies background color in terms of color name or color hex value.

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COMP 20163 WEB DEVELOPMENT Page No.
Mr. Owen Harvey Balocon INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIAL October 24, 2023 2023 - 000 ___ of ___
Instructor
Polytechnic University of the Philippines COMP 20163 WEB DEVELOPMENT
Santa Rosa Branch INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIAL

hspace
9
This specifies horizontal space around the marquee. This can be a value like 10 or 20% etc.

vspace
10
This specifies vertical space around the marquee. This can be a value like 10 or 20% etc.
Below are few examples to demonstrate the usage of marquee tag.
Examples - 1

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<head>
<title>HTML marquee Tag</title>
</head>

<body>
<marquee>This is basic example of marquee</marquee>
</body>

</html>

Examples - 2

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<head>
<title>HTML marquee Tag</title>
</head>

<body>
<marquee width = "50%">This example will take only 50% width</marquee>
</body>

</html>

Examples - 3

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<head>
<title>HTML marquee Tag</title>
</head>

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COMP 20163 WEB DEVELOPMENT Page No.
Mr. Owen Harvey Balocon INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIAL October 24, 2023 2023 - 000 ___ of ___
Instructor
Polytechnic University of the Philippines COMP 20163 WEB DEVELOPMENT
Santa Rosa Branch INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIAL

<body>
<marquee direction = "right">This text will scroll from left to right</marquee>
</body>

</html>

Examples - 4

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<head>
<title>HTML marquee Tag</title>
</head>

<body>
<marquee direction = "up">This text will scroll from bottom to up</marquee>
</body>

</html>

Lesson 3.11 HTML Layouts

A webpage layout is very important to give better look to your website. It takes considerable time
to design a website's layout with great look and feel.

Now-a-days, all modern websites are using CSS and JavaScript based framework to come up
with responsive and dynamic websites but you can create a good layout using simple HTML tables
or division tags in combination with other formatting tags. This chapter will give you few examples
on how to create a simple but working layout for your webpage using pure HTML and its attributes.

HTML Layout - Using Tables


The simplest and most popular way of creating layouts is using HTML <table> tag. These tables
are arranged in columns and rows, so you can utilize these rows and columns in whatever way
you like.

Example
For example, the following HTML layout example is achieved using a table with 3 rows and 2
columns but the header and footer column spans both columns using the colspan attribute −

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COMP 20163 WEB DEVELOPMENT Page No.
Mr. Owen Harvey Balocon INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIAL October 24, 2023 2023 - 000 ___ of ___
Instructor
Polytechnic University of the Philippines COMP 20163 WEB DEVELOPMENT
Santa Rosa Branch INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIAL

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<head>
<title>HTML Layout using Tables</title>
</head>

<body>
<table width = "100%" border = "0">

<tr>
<td colspan = "2" bgcolor = "#b5dcb3">
<h1>This is Web Page Main title</h1>
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign = "top">
<td bgcolor = "#aaa" width = "50">
<b>Main Menu</b><br />
HTML<br />
PHP<br />
PERL...
</td>

<td bgcolor = "#eee" width = "100" height = "200">


Technical and Managerial Tutorials
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan = "2" bgcolor = "#b5dcb3">
<center>
Copyright © 2007 Tutorialspoint.com
</center>
</td>
</tr>

</table>
</body>

</html>

Multiple Columns Layout - Using Tables


You can design your webpage to put your web content in multiple pages. You can keep your
content in middle column and you can use left column to use menu and right column can be used
to put advertisement or some other stuff. This layout will be very similar to what we have at our
website tutorialspoint.com.

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COMP 20163 WEB DEVELOPMENT Page No.
Mr. Owen Harvey Balocon INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIAL October 24, 2023 2023 - 000 ___ of ___
Instructor
Polytechnic University of the Philippines COMP 20163 WEB DEVELOPMENT
Santa Rosa Branch INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIAL

Example
Here is an example to create three column layout −

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<head>
<title>Three Column HTML Layout</title>
</head>

<body>
<table width = "100%" border = "0">

<tr valign = "top">


<td bgcolor = "#aaa" width = "20%">
<b>Main Menu</b><br />
HTML<br />
PHP<br />
PERL...
</td>

<td bgcolor = "#b5dcb3" height = "200" width = "60%">


Technical and Managerial Tutorials
</td>

<td bgcolor = "#aaa" width = "20%">


<b>Right Menu</b><br />
HTML<br />
PHP<br />
PERL...
</td>
</tr>

<table>
</body>

</html>

HTML Layouts - Using DIV, SPAN


The <div> element is a block level element used for grouping HTML elements. While the <div>
tag is a block-level element, the HTML <span> element is used for grouping elements at an inline
level.
Although we can achieve pretty nice layouts with HTML tables, but tables weren't really designed
as a layout tool. Tables are more suited to presenting tabular data.

IM Developed by: Date Created: Revision No.


COMP 20163 WEB DEVELOPMENT Page No.
Mr. Owen Harvey Balocon INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIAL October 24, 2023 2023 - 000 ___ of ___
Instructor
Polytechnic University of the Philippines COMP 20163 WEB DEVELOPMENT
Santa Rosa Branch INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIAL

Note − This example makes use of Cascading Style Sheet (CSS), so before understanding this
example you need to have a better understanding on how CSS works.
Example
Here we will try to achieve same result using <div> tag along with CSS, whatever you have
achieved using <table> tag in previous example.

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>HTML Layouts using DIV, SPAN</title>
</head>
<body>
<div style = "width:100%">

<div style = "background-color:#b5dcb3; width:100%">


<h1>This is Web Page Main title</h1>
</div>

<div style = "background-color:#aaa; height:200px; width:100px; float:left;">


<div><b>Main Menu</b></div>
HTML<br />
PHP<br />
PERL...
</div>

<div style = "background-color:#eee; height:200px; width:350px; float:left;" >


<p>Technical and Managerial Tutorials</p>
</div>

<div style = "background-color:#aaa; height:200px; width:100px; float:right;">


<div><b>Right Menu</b></div>
HTML<br />
PHP<br />
PERL...
</div>

<div style = "background-color:#b5dcb3; clear:both">


<center>
Copyright © 2007 Tutorialspoint.com
</center>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>

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COMP 20163 WEB DEVELOPMENT Page No.
Mr. Owen Harvey Balocon INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIAL October 24, 2023 2023 - 000 ___ of ___
Instructor

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