Differential Geometry
Differential Geometry
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d 10 ==- ~ L L ell f2M ( rrJ1. Hdm)
-t 2NmJm =-0 --------- P- ~ - P'2.
7µ ~ af ..P#(I. prrrr..,,_po.J ~~
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r -,,
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tJ+, \,. ~ ~
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---- tt ~
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f- a.}- u. ==- 1 f"'r:f--- t t nt{ 0U.CLU
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eq l;r
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t nett 'f}o.l J.u:,e T [ IL:/ '/-2.
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~ = fc.d€:~ _ n _
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o P" b Ie !;! u n b°
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e ±o ::tlie._SJ
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u 'lb e n c p =- r;)2. &-- o - S 1 :: z - z.
z
II
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==- J t-pL+&j,'2.. - - (it") ~,#P 111.ti &.ivedttmS Ot ~ -NZ F O
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A/so II - / l-rP'-t1,1. Pa-zd)upa.J c::UY-t'd?m. a;J tfw Ptnn-1, 111.fl
= (l x.J) f-r(k.~J) rt:J, ~Xu.)
JI -tP'-r# /4l'ft'c?lre~al e 1,'>'\a-trm or 1.-t?l"': or _.
c.1..n-VMWR- h ~ -tve" ~ lko ~-ilr"n'L
cll1- 1:L)cltl-+fF-N -t,t.)dA.Klv
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ft:,11ne,Jt ~,ye o)tJ'if a-sy,t>Plo/tc ~c~+~M c~~vt~df ~o
dA It'd~~ 0."rf" callo4 tA.-''l mrl'f,lt'r t.,~
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d,lyt"t frm. or 0.1' oJ.yYT>rfo/,,,,_ /.n1P ht' /\'.}t>II> c.,,,t"(IV) " Ii,, rund? .Pw
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We /~ve l- (!i(i)2 t-:tM ~ ~•N =o
'8f I- C,/,;) ' I ~M ,:ludV 1-/Jfi)v{ o
,,Jiu d 1 ,, ,i, f (-0"'"'1 Ito I "'I,,.,,; ,,,,,_ ''il
~f ~rJ tA $yrnrJt,JfC /_t~
1
A.,o.11J , ,,DP K.._no -;,
N. dY "' ~A•'fJr• M .J..,,N 1-Nd ,l
='> ~ ~ 4/; ,:: I- (#.)' 1 ;,.>1 *~ N~) r @
Prtfilf.• Rc>-_8aTCv.,- /(ti c;j(?.1,<.:lopable "? lid I·. K == 0 :=) /_/V -M2 - 0
1-}2- -
o:saLlaJ~ l'IJ deveI opo.hl-€. of t ~ .ed~e. ~ 1-J CrJ, "1 1 , N2 ]
or ~-,r~t-n , .!J e,::p,o.J ("r1'1... co.r1 b'!.- H'- -==D
t.J ,i}¼en a,;) R_ = -y(5)-t-J L(S) ?> [N. "'', r-12] =o
~?vi tJ ~o ~
r..Jhe,,y,e a)'?: leri,-Jh s anef V aye P.timrrd~
5o r:dlt>µ,::;~-fl,-yp~
..... o -1R
~.s ~ 'Yi -l- V L'
, ne') n.1 - p~s.e b<l.t)-c-~ ay.e
=l-tv(ko) .. d N ti\ ye l'.CP~1'==1 Y
1
(_t?J '"' f'l/1 2-
= ~~ -=. l
R~ ( b) f./ = o tff /V:i, - -"
n scalt:1.-r-)
R,, ~ -1; + tt. v 111 +v K r1
1 ' A
1 ( C.) NI ==- '). N2- (t'
= l<n-t-1£.VCZ:b-ld)+v k Y'l 13,...1- N /Jll?d N N!J,:::;..I!)
NI=-- 0
=- -✓ k..'2.f:: +Ck➔ vK.'J,., -r"-v-z:
6
Wlv ch ,,,,. ~"'P'Y JM-1 ti !)' p-....i1eP I 0
R12- =- kll R.:22. =--lJ
t/1 X ti,._ ,.-4 hen< e ,J, N,, N2 C..n "b/
I
J r.
[;; _.£_ ;J
-cpJ. /VI
I
1.1.
- JlL
~= ' • ~I ,, l - ,.. - ~ =-J'
1!-1--,
~ ~\n+"'r
1-C-f'
A t ...., \ _., __ ""F N = ')J~
:.) f_. :; ,\ I; I ,-, ,- •1
-h,1":
,•. "' \~t. l ~ NI -f"'>.1'1 1'., tJ,2.-t"1-'Y2 botti-
\l,'e ~ -tt-\D,1- \..:.. _ ;-J, l
M = - r:, ·"Y= .:-N; 1·1 Ue u, -fld: pl AM of' 'Y1 .4 'Y:..
N::. - f'l.2•~~
NOW lt)l1#~et1' 1Jc,l ~TU
As L t-1 !'J Vm,Jsh e.Al'<'!,Yel~ ct11!tt ~~~ (/\)I .,- 'llY1 )' 1 I ::..• ,.,,.I (iJ ,+~ -r,)_•::_.-'a)
~c aJ ~ i>c'I~ onH -Sm~. w.? ~""
N 't = C r-J, '7"1 = ~ · ( IJ •; 'YJ =-t ,-~ -:.-1 t::ll1~ ~ I +'>'YJ ~n,iot- l.,e.
~ -r1 ~ Y~
.,., --=- c Y:..-:J:tJ i,i /1-e,'....,. Pl"""'-
d) CAr1 h1I~ on!,
~• ,tt., aJ,ove
ef "11
I@
+1--r, =-<>
NI'= - ?."'YI --{ II)
.,
tr Ni ;., Po.~e.l ~ Y1 xY;;.
• Ni r.+~"tz.lleJ !.:; ~N c:.t, ?J=b, xr:.)/H A-.~')Cl~ ,~ ~ 11~/o.-, ,na11m~-> , e,Je J.e4
"'I ""' Pe1ni'~ ¼ N N;2.. = _-,. y~ - - - ( ,ii)
~ N bu~ °' vr:cirv
I('
er- ~ n -a;;u,..""'-le,
N is Pl_,~w ~') +:: N ~~ Sc- i-J, CMm- ~-m.,{1i1 on A-£.,,tAi&lR~ "'1e jef
1
1:>e f'o.pl eJ -h] N 1'),2..==- -"½.rr 1- ~ r,, ~re- "A:z. = ~
:vt,if ,1...-, y r-,rnt'ii,1 '"":Jd
N,-, - ".\ 1: -'l'l;:1 ' hc-n, ~ - U..
?,tr
Pi;1c.J
....
tl 1, :
-
/'I~,'A
~;2. ')·, - <Y, Q. == - ?-, 'Y'.: - <:\l"!l 1
~ >:_'l"I ~Q.,Y!.. ' ~ ,Yl;'Y.1J)
=-- ~I::. O Olt'li ~.:=0 oo 71 ~r,6j
.P"-'l'Zl\\et +G 'T~
C' ~ n uu!~f11?ndeiY cf boJh l.C ~V
•~ ). -;, l..Gn ~hvll
•'• fn,m(,i) we~ eJ 'Y, = -~ N, . ~
~ ~ l,.oMlz-1\l
I n~e.5ietli-~ '"'f ==- - ~ JJ t-'Y'o
~ --r" ~
ls c.@'I~~~, of'
(!-"fot =- (¾,} >J = ~
2
-)
~l ~hews ..fJui} 11,ir \1)0,LS .or Y l)- °" ~pnt~
In cA~P '>- =- o • lhelJ r...-im< '11) If 11i)
~ ,1e./ JJ1 ::::: o, NtJ. ::;:.a
, ~. N ~ tt11dq,eu.lf!AJ o..r by)J.i <...t. An:! V
,. N \I' con<1t,,,i ye,Jtfl' .JJvd, -'M••• ,w
• •f~ ::{-,,,.,-f~{€ ~ A p)(>.ntf! P7"6y.W
2
find ,r, y,}aJ Fe rm /• E&71 ~ f ~?') Yz
4-- r., 'L
'Jl
~ L--rJ,
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r ~ E ~"l
.,,
1"'~
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re/A,t:11., +-tJdv2-
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~~
fl1
-a
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.•. G -'Y'1'-:-I , j!- -,,,,T:•CJ t, 'Y';-uf.tcr- • ?Ill ~t, (fermlh1.I <>.if ,r 1/n LJ~ Df
,,_"'4 H: .,.r:e,-r-vzt. n"L , I)=~
UL,wl~ 1s
C, " ,.
;·[M" -(Ltr,'?;sJe0'.=l)
t'1 ');. • ,-.1 =- -n"1",v ""' ,t-u.1,s;,,..uwra A,~ a.I '11? • 0 ,nb,UC. c.Ot" lu,.v"
2 -~ -~ _o
E - F ::=. !1.,,
NllW ll>?JIIU J?J(' wn~ ,,~,~ "r ·~· ~ul'fdlC -c - ,.;r
o,r.- 1' ~Fl b7 -~ ,=M ,#-l1 ~11..,,~
(_E'', -~) '<,.:., _(£ty+(1.H
~.,. (J +"1-)h : ~ - '7 ~~
_,.p; .=-0
~ (u.,.,,n ,iJ; + C-~u-'-t"?J]- V
;; ~-:=. Ql,._,,.)2;~ =(:A-'144-f; .,.2.
• ~ u L ,lz.i f-
1~•wn
A-He
'1' : :. {;ler·➔·Y?. ,-.P.)J
L td-
1
et
unvnho.t m~ c1~~111.,
I"
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~ yl.
e -el..JY
F " =-D 4,;..I ~ ,
v1 e --*'~'
1- ""'r-J o-::.!Lo
f~l
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a,
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d'}
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~ ;J.'- y
a~ --f!i:._
-
2
b ~;2, ~ d f c.'Zy )
ancj = "Y2- = ~!/ = ~ c.:,2z
= -t· ~[f) ~ -,(½- ~ 1 )
_ e,2 r L + c'2y2.J
- - i;; (., t fd?.'R-:.
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