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5G Tuning

The document is an eLecture on 5G RAN NR Initial Tuning, outlining the importance of initial tuning, the tuning process, and specific tuning techniques for mid-band and high-band RF. It includes course objectives, a table of contents, and details on mobile subscriptions and network rollout models. The content serves as a training resource and is not a technical specification, with restrictions on reproduction and distribution.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)

511 views254 pages

5G Tuning

Uploaded by

Abel Makanzu

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5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning

(eLecture)

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 0

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

DISCLAIMER

This is a Learning Product, which contains simplifications. Therefore, it must

not be considered as a specification of the system. The content is subject to
revision without notice due to ongoing progress in methodology, design and
manufacturing. Ericsson shall have no liability for any error or damage of any
kind resulting from the use of this Learning Product as technical reference.

The Learning Product documentation is not intended to replace the technical

documentation that was delivered with your system. Always refer to that
technical documentation during operation and maintenance.

This Learning Product was produced by Ericsson AB. The Learning Product

ct 3
e)
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documentation is to be used for training purposes only and it is strictly

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prohibited to copy, reproduce, disclose or distribute it in any manner without
ng ce
the express written consent from Ericsson Learning Services.
ni rvi
Tu Se

In this context, it is also strictly forbidden to screen record in picture, audio, or

al g

video, any parts of sessions where the Learning Product is delivered remotely
iti in
In arn

(“when attending live training on-line, or consuming digital learning via web-
N on y

based delivery”).
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© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 1

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Course Objectives

On completion of this course the participants will be able to:

1 Explain the Importance of NR RAN initial tuning
2 Describe the tuning Process and Preparations necessary for a tuning exercise
3 Perform NR Mid-Band RF CELL Tuning
4 Explain NR Mid-Band RF UE Tuning
5 Describe NR High-Band RF Initial Tuning concept

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 2

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Table of Contents
Chapters Page

NR Initial Tuning Service 04

Initial Tuning Process and Preparations 36

NR Mid-Band RF CELL Tuning 72

NR Mid-Band RF UE Tuning 130

NR High-Band Initial Tuning Concept 182

Ericsson Network Design and Optimization Cognitive Software Tools 245

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 3

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

NR Initial Tuning Service

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

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5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Objectives of Chapter 1
After completion of this chapter the participants will be able to:
1 Explain the Importance of NR RAN initial tuning
1.1 Describe the difference between tuning and optimization
1.2 Analyze the NR RAN NSA and SA Configuration including ESS
1.3 Define the tuning requirements for the NR networks
1.4 Describe different steps in the tuning process

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© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 5

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Mobile Subscriptions by Technology

By the end of 2028, we forecast 5
billion 5G subscriptions globally,
accounting for 55 percent of all
mobile subscriptions. 5G will become
the dominant mobile access
technology by subscriptions in 2027.

In Q4 2022, 5G subscriptions grew

by 136 million, lifting the total to
1050 million. 4G subscriptions
increased by 36 million to around 5
billion, representing 60 percent of all
mobile subscriptions, while
WCDMA/HSPA subscriptions
declined by 89 million. GSM/EDGE-
only subscriptions dropped by 40
million during the quarter.

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5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Network Rollout Project Model (Services View)

Network Site
Initial Tuning Launch Network Optimization
Design Integration
3) Delayed deployed sites or expansion sites
Post-Launch3

Post Launch
Radio Post Launch
Initial Tuning Golden Optimization
Network Optimisation
(Golden Cluster Acceptance
Design Launch
Activities

Radio Cluster) Acceptance Readiness

Network &
OR
Design Network Post-Launch3
Acceptance Type
Type11 Acceptance
Radio Type Cluster
1Cluster Type
Type2
Initial Pre-Launch – Area X
Cluster Initial Type22 Cluster
Cluster
Cluster
Network Initial
Initial Acceptanc Initial
Initial Acceptanc
Tuning Initial Acceptanc
Cluster
Acceptanc Initial
Tuning Acceptanc
Cluster
Acceptanc
Design Tuning
Tuning ee Tuning
Tuning ee
Review Tuning Acceptance
e Tuning Acceptance
e

2) Which ever comes

first
Radio Area X Post Launch
Network Golden Cluster Network System Clusters
Clusters Optimisation
Milestones Design Accepted
Accepted
Acceptance2 Launch2 Accepted3
Accepted
Accepted

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Progress & Cluster KPI Achieved Payments Progress and Cluster/Network KPI Achieved Payments

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5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Initial Tuning
Target: Prepare the air interface and troubleshoot system
Off track
issues to achieve the best end-user experience.

—Resolve hardware installation issues. Warning

—Resolve parameter integrity issues.

—Improve design and end user experience. This includes: Robust
– Availability of service (coverage)
– Mobility
Commitment
– Throughput
– Latency and bottlenecks in the system
– Reliability (BLER) Stretch

—Improve cell capacity. The aim is to maximise SINR and highest modulation in
order to achieve the best throughput per resource block

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5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Chapter 1 Exercise 1
Arrange the Network evolution stages into the correct order:

Network Optimization Initial Tuning

Network Site
Network Optimization Launch Initial Tuning
Design Integration

Launch

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5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

NR Deployment Possibilities
Non-Standalone in low-mid bands (NSA)
– 4G and 5G in mid-low bands, same coverage area
1
– Both technologies share the same radio site, connected to the existing Core network
– Example of use cases: eMBB, FWA in wide areas

Non-Standalone in mid-high bands (NSA)

2
– 4G in low bands and 5G in high-bands, different coverage areas
– 5G radios may be deployed in new site as needed
– Both technologies are connected to the existing Core network
– Example of use cases: eMBB, FWA in selected areas

Standalone 5G (SA)
3
– Initial 5G deployments in low bands, benefit from larger coverage areas
4G in low-mid bands 5G low-mid bands 5G in high bands
– New 5G radio sites, connected to the new 5G Core
– Example of use cases: eMBB, FWA, Industrial IoT

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5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

NR Non-Standalone Architecture
Eutra NR Dual Connectivity (EN-DC)
5G EPC ENM
UE is connected to eNodeB and gNodeB at the same
time.

Master Node (MN)

S1-C S1-U S1-U
eNodeB
eNodeB X2-C gNodeB
(MN) X2-U (SN) Master Cell Group (MCG)
MCG resources SCG resources provided by the eNodeB, can consist of a Primary Cell
(PCell) and zero or more Secondary Cells (SCells).

Secondary Node (SN)

gNodeB
SRB
DRB
User data Secondary Cell Group (SCG)
The SCG, provided by the gNodeB, can consist of a
Control

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NR UE Primary Secondary Cell (PSCell) and zero or more

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signalling
Secondary Cells (SCells).

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5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

NR Standalone Architecture 5G Core

AMF: Access & Mobility Management Function
— Registration / Paging Management
— Connection / Mobility Management AMF
UPF: User Plane Function NG-C NG-C
— Packet routing and forwarding
— Quality of Service Handling for User Plane
NG-U UPF NG-U

RCF: Radio Controller Function Xn-C

— Corresponds to 3GPP logical entity CU-CP in a gNB RCF RCF
— CU-CP = Central Unit Control Plane
E1 E1
PPF: Packet Processing Function Xn-U
F1-C PPF PPF F1-C
— Corresponds to 3GPP logical entity CU-UP in a gNB
— CU-UP = Central Unit User Plane F1-U F1-U
E5
RPF: Radio Processing Function RPF RPF
— Corresponds to 3GPP logical entity DU in a gNB gNB gNB
— DU = Distributed Unit
Note: 3GPP term ”DU” is not the same as Ericsson Digital Unit (HW)

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5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Service Availability
Supported cell operation: ”SA + NSA”, “SA Only” or ”NSA only” per PLMN
The cell operation is based on the presence/absence of SIB1:
- If SIB1 present: Standalone is supported, NSA is also possible, i.e. “SA + NSA” (per PLMN)
- If SIB1 absent: Standalone is not supported, NSA is still possible, i.e. “NSA only” (per PLMN)
- TrackingAreaCode is set with nRTAC (MO Class NRCellDU)

MO Class Parameter Name Description Notes

Defines if cell prevents camping of UEs on cell.
Default: true
Takes effect:
NRCellDU secondaryCellOnly Range: {false, true}
Next cell unlock
- false: SIB1 is transmitted with the TAC present for each available PLMN (SA + NSA)
- true: SIB1 is NOT transmitted for all PLMNs (NSA only)

Note: Current NR design choice is to not prevent an NR cell from being used for NSA.

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NSA becomes not usable due to missing X2 towards eNB or S1 towards EPS (considered as failure scenarios).

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5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Service availability NSA & SA

Example
5G UE
(EN-DC and SA)
EPC 5GC

S1 S1-U S1-U S1-U NG

NG EPC
S1
NR SIB1 not NR SIB1 present NR SIB1 present
present

X2 X2
X2 gNB gNB
gNB NR Cell A NR Cell C NR Cell D
eNB NR Cell B X2 eNB
LTE Cell A
LTE Cell B

5G NSA SERVICE AVAILABLE

5G SA SERVICE AVAILABLE
SgNB (1) NR RwR to LTE
Removed (2) SgNB Added

4G CONNECTED 5G NSA SA 5G IDLE 5G SA CONNECTED 5G IDLE UE camped

on 5G
Connection Connection Connection Connection
Stop by UE Start Stop by UE Start
SgNB (1) 4G HO to LTE Cell A
Removed SgNB Added
(SgNB Removed)
(2) SgNB Added

UE camped

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4G CONNECTED 5G NSA 5G NSA CONNECTED 4G IDLE
on 4G

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Connection Connection

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Stop by UE Start

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5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Chapter 1 Exercise 2
Use the AMOS ‘get . secondaryCellOnly’ command to complete the table below:

true no

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5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Ericsson Spectrum Sharing (ESS)

NOTE: ESS requires that the LTE
and NR carriers have the same
bandwidth and center frequency.
NOTE: The anchor for the ESS NR
carrier must be an LTE carrier on
another frequency; it cannot be the
LTE carrier on the ESS frequency.

ESS dynamically shares the LTE spectrum with NR The split of PRBs between LTE and NR is

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NSA and/or NR SA, of bandwidth 10, 15 or 20 MHz. adjusted every millisecond in response to offered

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traffic variations on the two technologies

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5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

ESS Illustration

Ericsson spectrum sharing dynamically allocates spectrum

allocation to 4G and 5G based on instantaneous traffic in the cell

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5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

ESS and ENDC

For the NSA ESS scenario, two carriers are required:
A shared carrier. (This carrier is used by the LTE and NR cells to enable ESS)
An LTE Anchor carrier. (This carrier is needed to be able to use NR on a shared carrier and must be in a different band)
The following rules shown below apply for the LTE anchor selection regarding ESS:

- An LTE carrier that is not shared with NR, can be used as anchor to NR on another carrier.
- The LTE part of a carrier shared with NR, can be used as anchor to NR on another carrier,
but it cannot be used as anchor for NR on the same carrier.

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Based on UE implementations, it is recommended to use LTE anchor carriers over 1 GHz for NR carriers under 1 GHz,

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and LTE anchor carriers under 1 GHz for NR carriers over 1 GHz.

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5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Chapter 1 Exercise 3
Use the Moshell ‘get . earfcn’ and ‘get . sharinggroup=’ commands to complete the
diagram below for the ESS_Low_Band_dcgm file:

LTE Band _7 (____)

(2600)

LTE/NR Band _1 (____)

(2100)

LTE Band _3 (____)

(1800)

earfcn/arfcn values can be converted to Frequency Band using the link below:
https://5g-tools.com/5g-nr-arfcn-calculator/

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5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Extending NR Coverage with EN-DC

Using Dual Connectivity with a lower frequency LTE FDD carrier, NR
carrier coverage can be extended by using LTE for UL PUSCH data.
Carrier
NR on Mid or High Band TDD The NR carrier is still used for uplink control channels
Aggregation
which now is the limiting factor for NR coverage.
UL Data UL Control Channels
X2 interface

LTE on Low-Band (FDD)

Standalone NR coverage Uplink and Downlink Carrier Aggregation

baseline Non-Standalone NR is also possible in EN-DC
Dual Connectivity up
to +9dB*

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(*) upper bound. Actual gain depends on band combination

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5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Extending NR Coverage with ESS

Coverage can be extended further by using a lower
frequency NR FDD carrier for NR Carrier Aggregation.

NR on Mid or High Band TDD Most1 NR control channels are carried

on the NR FDD carrier.
UL Data UL Control Channels
E5 Interface 1SSB and PDCCH are still carried by the NR TDD carrier.

LTE and NR on Low-Band (FDD)

Where an FDD carrier frequency cannot be
Standalone NR coverage
dedicated to NR, ESS can be used.
baseline Non-Standalone NR
Dual Connectivity up Inter-band NR
to +9dB* Carrier Aggregation
up to +3-7dB*

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(*) upper bound. Actual gain depends on band combination

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5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Downlink User Plane Switching (EN-DC)

MN Terminated SN Terminated
1) B1 report triggers split bearer setup.
MCG Bearer Split Bearer
SN addition performed with RRC
Reconfiguration. LTE (MN) NR (SN) LTE (MN) NR (SN) LTE (MN) NR (SN) LTE (MN) NR (SN)
Initially use SCG resources
regardless of SINR. PDCP PDCP PDCP PDCP
UE begins measuring NR DL SINR RLC RLC RLC RLC RLC RLC RLC
(CQI). MAC MAC MAC MAC MAC MAC MAC
L1 L1 L1 L1 L1 L1 L1

2) Poor SINR. PDCCH PDCCH PDCCH PDCCH

Switch from SCG to MCG resources.
Performed by scheduling on LTE MCG SCG MCG SCG
PDCCH only. resources resources resources resources

RRC Reconfiguration LTE PDCCH scheduling NR PDCCH scheduling

3) Good SINR but prohibit timer
endcDlNrRetProhibTimer (default = 400 msec)
not expired. Do not switch to 1
SCG resources. NR DL
SINR 4
3
4) Good SINR and timer expired.
Switch from MCG to SCG endcDlNrQualHyst (default = 5 dB)
resources. Performed by

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scheduling on NR PDCCH only.

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endcDlNrLowQualThresh (default = 5 dB) Time

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5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

LTE-NR Downlink Aggregation (EN-DC)

LTE (MN) NR (SN) LTE (MN) NR (SN)
DL NR quality is below endcDlNrLowQualThresh
PDCP PDCP
RLC RLC DL User Plane Switching functionality RLC RLC
MAC MAC MAC MAC
L1 L1 DL NR quality is above endcDlNrLowQualThresh by the value of L1 L1

PDCCH endcDlNrQualHyst and endcDlNrRetProhibTimer has expired. PDCCH

MCG Oldest PDCP SDU age SCG

resources exceeds dcDlAggActTime resources

LTE PDCCH scheduling NR PDCCH scheduling

DL NR quality is below LTE (MN) NR (SN)
endcDlNrLowQualThresh PDCP
RLC RLC
All DL packets are sent and acknowledged
endcDlNrLowQualThresh = 5 { -40..40 } and dcDlAggExpiryTimer has expired.
MAC MAC
endcDlNrQualHyst = 5 { 0..60 }
L1 L1
SINR in dB
PDCCH

dcDlAggActTime = 1 { 0..1000 } MCG SCG

NOTE: RRC Reconfiguration
dcDlAggExpiryTimer = 100 { 0..10000 } is NOT required

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resources resources

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Unit: msec LTE AND NR PDCCH scheduling

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5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

LTE-NR Downlink Aggregation Example (1)

Low and Midband

It is recommended that X2 latency is less than 5 msec

NR Band 78 (3.5 GHz)
(10 msec RTT) for best performance

NR Band 78 (3.5 GHz) SCG PSCell

In this example the ENDC UE is using
X2 LTE Downlink Carrier Aggregation
LTE Band 7 (2600 MHz) MCG PCell

E5 LTE Band 7 (2600 MHz) MCG SCell

ENDC
LTE Band 1 (2100 MHz) MCG SCell
E5
LTE Band 3 (1800 MHz) MCG SCell

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5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

LTE-NR Downlink Aggregation Example (Example 2)

Low and MidbandCoverage extended by using Carrier aggregation Maximum RTT Delay Supported over E5 Interface
(all UL signaling carried by PSCell) (1) Although 2CC can be
configured if RTT is less than
900 μs, better performance
NR Band 78 (3.5 GHz) SCG SCell can be achieved if RTT is less
than 350 μs.
E5
The initial NR SCell selection is a blind selection.
NR Band 28 (700 MHz) SCG PSCell Event A1, A2, and A6 measurements are configured
It is recommended that X2 latency is less than 5 msec on SCells upon SCell configuration in the UE.
X2 (10 msec RTT) for best performance
LTE Band 7 (2600 MHz) MCG PCell dl-CarrierFreq 3118
ENDC
LTE Band 7 (2600 MHz) MCG SCell dl-CarrierFreq 3316
E5

LTE Band 1 (2100 MHz) MCG SCell dl-CarrierFreq 500 Carrier Aggregation
E5

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LTE Band 3 (1800 MHz) dl-CarrierFreq 1542

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MCG SCell

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5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

NR 3CC DL Carrier Aggregation

Low and Midband
Stand Alone ONLY

Coverage extended by using

NR Band 78 (3.5 GHz) SCell Carrier aggregation
(all UL signaling carried by PCell)

NR Band 78 (3.5GHz) SCell

NR Band 41 (2.5 GHz) PCell

Maximum RTT Delay Supported over E5 Interface In this example the SA UE is using
NR 3CC Downlink Carrier Aggregation

ct 3
e)
Le 02
(1) Although 2CC can be configured if RTT is less than 900 μs,
better performance can be achieved if RTT is less than 350 μs.

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© Ericsson AB 2023 | NR Initial Tuning Service | LZU1084316 R2A | Figure 01-26
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© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 26

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

LTE-NR Downlink Aggregation

High Band
NR Band 260 (39 GHz) SCG SCell

NR Band 260 (39 GHz) SCG SCell The NR 8CC DL Carrier Aggregation High-
Band feature aggregates up to eight
NR Band 260 (39 GHz) SCG SCell
contiguous or non-contiguous component
SCG SCell carriers with a bandwidth of 100 MHz.
NR Band 260 (39 GHz)

NR Band 260 (39 GHz) SCG SCell The maximum aggregated operational
bandwidth is 800 MHz. The possible
NR Band 260 (39 GHz) SCG SCell combinations depend on the radio.
NR Band 260 (39 GHz) SCG SCell
X2
SCG PSCell
ENDC
NR Band 260 (39 GHz)

ct 3
LTE Band 3 (1800 MHz)

e)
MCG PCell Carrier Aggregation

Le 02
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© Ericsson AB 2023 | NR Initial Tuning Service | LZU1084316 R2A | Figure 01-27
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© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 27

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Uplink User Plane Switching Parameters (EN-DC)

1) B1 report triggers split bearer setup. MN Terminated SN Terminated
SN addition performed with RRC MCG Bearer Split Bearer
Reconfiguration.
LTE (MN) NR (SN) LTE (MN) NR (SN) LTE (MN) NR (SN) LTE (MN) NR (SN)
The to use of MCG or SCG leg for UL at
initial state is controlled by the PDCP PDCP PDCP PDCP
‘initialUplinkConf’ parameter. RLC RLC RLC RLC RLC RLC RLC
In this example we assume
MAC MAC MAC MAC MAC MAC MAC
‘initialUplinkConf’ = SCG
L1 L1 L1 L1 L1 L1 L1
gNodeB begins measuring NR UL SINR
PUCCH PUCCH PUCCH PUCCH
2) Poor SINR.
MCG SCG MCG SCG
Switch from SCG to MCG resources resources resources resources resources
with RRC Reconfiguration Primary Path Primary Path Primary Path
Start ‘endcUlNrRetProhibTimer’
RRC Reconfiguration required RRC Reconfiguration RRC Reconfiguration RRC Reconfiguration
3) Good SINR but (Unlike DL User Plane Switching)
endcUlNrRetProhibTimer (default = 1000 msec)
‘endcUlNrRetProhibTimer’ has not 1
expired. Do not switch to SCG NR UL
SINR 4
resources.
3
4) Good SINR and
‘endcUlNrRetProhibTimer’ has endcUlNrQualHyst (default = 6 dB)
expired. Switch from MCG to SCG

ct 3
e)
resources with RRC 2

Le 02
Reconfiguration. endcUlNrLowQualThresh (default = 17 dB) Time

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© Ericsson AB 2023 | NR Initial Tuning Service | LZU1084316 R2A | Figure 01-28
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© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 28

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

LTE NR Uplink Aggregation (EN-DC)

LTE (MN) NR (SN) UL NR quality is below endcUlNrLowQualThresh LTE (MN) NR (SN)

PDCP PDCP
RLC RLC
UL User Plane Switching functionality RLC RLC
MAC MAC MAC MAC
L1 L1 UL NR quality is above endcUlNrLowQualThresh by the value of L1 L1
endcUlNrQualHyst and endcUlNrRetProhibTimer has expired.
PUCCH PUCCH

MCG SGC
resources resources
Primary Path Primary Path

Buffer <ulDataSplitThresholdMcg Buffer >ulDataSplitThresholdMcg Buffer <ulDataSplitThreshold Buffer >ulDataSplitThreshold

ulDataSplitThresholdMcg ulDataSplitThreshold
{ -1, 0, 100, 200, 400, LTE (MN) NR (SN) LTE (MN) NR (SN) { -1, 0, 100, 200, 400,
UL NR quality is below endcUlNrLowQualThresh
800, 1600, 3200, 6400, 800, 1600, 3200, 6400,
12800, 25600, 51200, PDCP PDCP 12800, 25600, 51200,
102400, 204800, 102400, 204800,
409600, 819200,
RLC RLC
UL User Plane Switching functionality RLC RLC
409600, 819200,
1228800, 1638400, MAC MAC MAC MAC 1228800, 1638400,
2457600, 3276800, L1 L1 UL NR quality is above endcUlNrLowQualThresh by the value of L1 L1 2457600, 3276800,
4096000, 4915200, endcUlNrQualHyst and endcUlNrRetProhibTimer has expired. 4096000, 4915200,
5734400, 6553600 } PUCCH PUCCH 5734400, 6553600 }
Unit: 1 Byte Unit: 1 Byte

ct 3
MCG SGC

e)
Le 02
resources resources
Primary Path UE transmits on MCG AND SCG UE transmits on MCG AND SCG Primary Path

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© Ericsson AB 2023 | NR Initial Tuning Service | LZU1084316 R2A | Figure 01-29
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© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 29

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

LTE-NR Uplink Aggregation Example

Low and Midband

NR Band 78 (3.5 GHz)

NR Band 78 (3.5 GHz) SCG PSCell

In low and Midband the UE can only
X2 use one CC in LTE and NR.
LTE Band 7 (2600 MHz) MCG PCell

ENDC

ct 3
e)
Le 02
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© Ericsson AB 2023 | NR Initial Tuning Service | LZU1084316 R2A | Figure 01-30
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© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 30

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

NR Uplink Carrier Aggregation

High Band
The NR UL Carrier Aggregation High-Band feature aggregates up to four contiguous carriers over
eight uplink layers in up to three sectors and allows higher uplink data throughput for a single UE.

Uplink carrier aggregation is supported for

50 MHz and 100 MHz bandwidth
NR Band 260 (3.5 GHz) SCG SCell configurations, with up to 400 MHz total
aggregated bandwidth.
NR Band 260 (3.5 GHz) SCG SCell

SCG SCell The feature also supports same and mixed

X2 NR Band 260 (3.5 GHz)
bandwidth configuration.
NR Band 260 (3.5 GHz) SCG PSCell
ENDC

LTE Band 3 (1800 MHz) MCG PCell

ct 3
e)
Carrier Aggregation

Le 02
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© Ericsson AB 2023 | NR Initial Tuning Service | LZU1084316 R2A | Figure 01-31
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© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 31

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Chapter 1 Exercise 3
Use the AMOS ‘get FeatureState=CXC401xxxx’ commands to complete the tables
below: Replace ‘xxxx’ with each license number

ct 3
e)
Le 02
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© Ericsson AB 2023 | NR Initial Tuning Service | LZU1084316 R2A | Figure 01-32
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© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 32

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Radio Network Initial Tuning

Value Proposition
Main objectives of the Radio Network Tuning solution:
Analysis and tuning
— Identify and resolve hardware installation issues
— Identify and resolve parameter integrity issues
— Validate and improve the network design
— Identify areas with poorer than expected coverage and performance ENM

— Identify areas where new sites may be required

eNB
— Identify sites that contribute excessively to interference levels and may
(RadioNode) CU UP CU CP DU
need a significant redesign via antenna tilting, panning or similar activities

ct 3
e)
Le 02
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© Ericsson AB 2023 | NR Initial Tuning Service | LZU1084316 R2A | Figure 01-33
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© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 33

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Tuning Requirements for NR Networks

The introduction of NR and particularly AAS presents a unique set of challenges when compared to tuning
experiences with legacy technologies in 4G and 3G NSA and SA Deployments
Coverage differences (Typically higher frequencies e.g. 3.5 GHz)

NSA adds complexity as 5G and 4G work together

AAS Solution
Mobility and Interworking Strategies
Well-planned and tuned
strategy required to handle Broadcast and traffic
LTE band management beam coverages add
to the complexity

Interference Management
Site RF Emission and Tx Power Management
May approach total
transmission power limits

ct 3
for some countries.

e)
Le 02
Also new PIM issues

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TDD => Cross link Interference
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© Ericsson AB 2023 | NR Initial Tuning Service | LZU1084316 R2A | Figure 01-34
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© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 34

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Summary of Chapter 1
The participants should now be able to:
1 Explain the Importance of NR RAN initial tuning
1.1 Describe the difference between tuning and optimization
1.2 Analyze the NR RAN NSA and SA Configuration including ESS
1.3 Define the tuning requirements for the NR networks
1.4 Describe different steps in the tuning process

ct 3
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Le 02
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© Ericsson AB 2023 | NR Initial Tuning Service | LZU1084316 R2A | Figure 01-35
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© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 35

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Initial Tuning Process and

Preparations

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 36

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Objectives of Chapter 2
After completion of this chapter the participants will be able to:
2 Describe the tuning Process and Preparations necessary for a tuning exercise
2.1 Explain the tuning strategy for NR RAN network
2.2 Define the Initial Tuning inputs and deliverables
2.3 Perform a network design review and consistency check
2.4 Explain the requirements and setup of the initial tuning tools
2.5 Identify Tuning in the Specific Environments

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 37

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Cluster Tuning Process

Measurement Integrity analysis: This is a check to ensure that the correct drive route was driven,
the equipment did not fail, and results are in-line with expectations.
Network Alarms: Alarms are checked for the time period of the drive.
System Performance: This step involves studying various “signature plots” to verify that at a cluster
level the EN-DC system is performing to expectations.
KPI Assessment : This step involves assessing measured KPIs against target values and deciding the
next course of action. If KPIs are not passed, Local and/or Global tuning may be required depending
on the nature and extent of KPI failures.

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 38

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Drive Test
— Drive test forms the main part of cluster tuning.
— All sites in the cluster are on air and have passed the single site test.
— Sites in the 1st tier of site in surrounding clusters are also on-air during the drive test
— The drive route has been agreed and is suitable for driving given time and traffic
— Excessive speeds that could degrade performance are avoided (> 50 km/h) if possible(*not for high
speed test)
— UE SINR and RSRP measurements are the in agreement (taking into consideration different cabling
losses). This ensures the setup is cabled correctly.
— Test scripts are working correctly, UE is able to attach, detach, contact the server for
Upload/Download data, Ping the server.
— Upload/download speeds are within the correct range.

ct 3
— Ping response time is as expected.

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 39

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Drive Route Planning

— A cluster drive should fit within the expected time frame (eg.3-5 hours).
— Repeatable results between drives.
— Uniformly sample the cluster (within reason).
— Ideally “touch” all cells in the network for at least a minimum time (e.g. 2 minutes).
— Ideally sample each cell in range of radio conditions
— As little overlap as possible Site 3

— Estimate drive time Site 2

Site 4

Site 1 Site 10

Site 5 Site 9

Site 8

ct 3
e)
Le 02
Site 7 Site 6

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 40

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Drive route plots

— RSRP and DL SINR
— DL throughput
— UL throughput
— NR Leg switch locations for the DL and/or
UL
— Handover locations
— System loss and reacquisition

— RRC signaling logs should be collected in order to report the time taken to mode switch for the
Transmission Mode Switching test if applicable.
— If coverage predictions have been completed for the NR systems prior to the testing, then these can be

ct 3
compared to the drive test results.

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 41

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Test Equipment Capabilities

— The UE category and CA capabilities
— Logging software support, with reporting of commonly used measurements.
— Provision for external antenna connections if required
— Consistent performance in all radio conditions
— Latency consideration added by UE
— Stability
— RSRP reporting accuracy
Samsung Galaxy S10 5G
— Ability to achieve peak rates in UL and DL 23dBm output power sub6GHz/mmWave

— UL throughput vs. path loss/DL throughput vs. SINR

— MIMO layer usage vs. SINR

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 42

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Scanners
— Scanners can be used during drive
tests to provide an independent
assessment of RSSI, SSB RSRP
and SSB RSRQ
— Scanners can also measure SSB
— Some scanners also contain a GPS
module for accurate location
measurements
— If a scanner is not used, an
external GPS module must be used
with the drive test equipment

Differences in cabling, antenna gains, and in-car losses must be considered when comparing UE and scanner

ct 3
RSRP measurements.

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 43

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Test Laptop and Test Server Requirements

— Test server settings can have a large impact on throughput test performance
— For Ookla Speedtest multiple servers can be tried to see which provides the best throughput

— UDP vs. FTP vs. Ookla SpeedTest:

— UDP generally provides good DL throughput results as it does not rely on a regular stream of regular UL
acknowledgements.
— Ookla Speedtest is extremely useful for stationary testing
— TCP applications (like FTP) can have limitations, especially if the uplink data bandwidth is limited

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 44

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Golden Cluster
— A well-tuned area without coverage holes that best represents the network
— Radio network functions and technology capabilities can be accurately demonstrated here
— Indicative results on accessibility, retainability, integrity, and mobility.
— Later features can be tested only on the Golden Cluster.

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 45

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

General Checks
— Alarm Clearing
— Parameter Consistency Checks across all nodes. May
be repeated if parameter changed
— Parameter audit against detailed design
— Load initial neighbor relations. This is vital if the
Automatic Neighbor Relation feature (ANR) is not
going to be used?
— Verify the cell Availability at 100%. All integrated
cells required for coverage in the test area must be
on air and available for testing
(normally per cluster).
Classification RSRP Path Loss RSRQ

Good Above -95 dBm Below 110 dB Above -7 dB

-95 to -110 -7 to -10 dB
Medium 110 to 125 dB
dBm

ct 3
e)
Below -110 Below -10 dB

Le 02
Poor Above 125 dB
dBm

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 46

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

AMOS Site Diagnostics

sdi[cjr]
System Diagnostics CPRI.
Perform a system diagnostics test of the RBS/ENB CPRI links.
Options:
• c : print the tables in CSV format
• j : combine the first three tables into one machine-readable CSV table
(useful for parsing mobatch-run)
• r : re-read the data from the node.

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 47

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Chapter 2 Exercise 1
Use the AMOS ‘sdi’ command to perform a System Diagnostics CPRI on the ‘SA_Mid_Band_dcgm.zip’
file and discuss the results with the Instructor.

All CPRI links are Not OK!

The printout also shows…

1) Most likely One or possibly Both the Near and Far-End SFPs populated
are incorrect.
2) Refer to your SFP Approved Listing documentation to determine which
SFP type is incorrect. If you are unsure, please check with your next level
of support.
3) Replace the SFP that is incorrect.
Note: Always check for any AlmID information and troubleshoot alarm(s)
accordingly.

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 48

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Cluster Health Checks

— Majority sites in the cluster should have passed Single Site Verification (SSV)
— SSV is to ensure that the site is configured and operating as per the design
— Configuration, datafill and parameter consistency checks
— Stationary field testing -
— Swap sector check (i.e. incorrect CPRI interconnections)
— PCI checks on anchor LTE and NR cells
— PCell and SCell performance checks
— Accessibility test
— Throughput tests for DL and UL
— Round trip time latency test

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 49

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

ENM Tool: Node Monitor

— Supports monitoring functions of a NE

— pre-defined widgets for status of
— Faults and fault summary
— Key Performance Indicators (KPIs)

— Provides action buttons to launch other ENM

applications with the NE set as scope, e.g.
— Alarm Monitor
— Topology Browser
— Add to a Collection
— SHM inventory & SW upgrade
— NE backup

ct 3
— CLI and LCT launch

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 50

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

ENM Tool: Network Health Monitor

–Network Health Monitor (NHM) in ENM
 KPIs for gNB
 Summary of FM and CM data

KPIs can be selected from a predefined

library or custom defined
(KPI Management application)

KPIs are rules based on set of:

— Configuration state data
— Alarm data

ct 3
— PM counters

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 51

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

ENM Tool: Fault Management Tools

ENM FM tools have the same support for the ”gNodeB” as for the eNodeB:
— Alarm Monitor
— Alarm Overview
— Alarm Search
— Network Health Monitor
— Node Health Monitor
— FM CLI

EM tools
— EMCLI and EMGUI available for the ”gNodeB” both on site and from ENM

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 52

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

AMOS Health Check

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 53

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Chapter 2 Exercise 2
Use the AMOS ‘hc’ command to perform a health check on the ‘NSA_Mid_Band_dcgm’ file and
use the result to complete the table below:

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 54

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Signature Plot Example (SS-RSRP)

0.16% (i.e. 6 measurements) of the route
had a SS-RSRP between -85 and -80 dBm

7.26% (i.e. 265 measurements) of the route

had a SS-RSRP less than -115 dBm

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 55

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Signature Plot Example (SS-SINR)

0.33% (i.e. 12 measurements) of the route
had a SS-SINR between 20 and 25dB

0.16% (i.e. 6 measurements) of the route

had a SS-SINR between -20 and -15 dB

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 56

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Tuning KPIs

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 57

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

KPI Measurement Example (Downlink user throughput (NR_DLUT)

2.4% (i.e. 4 measurements) of the route had a
PDSCH throughput between 1000 and 2000 Mbps

18.79% (i.e. 31 measurements) of the route

had a PDSCH throughput less than 1 Mbps

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 58

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Local Tuning v Global Tuning

Local Tuning Global Tuning

This activity usually addresses This is performed when coverage,
local concerns, either as requested quality and throughput targets
by the customer (e.g. an important are not met. Global tuning aims
shopping mall, event sites, VIP to improve performance over the
areas), or as seen from the drive whole cluster with a significant
test results (e.g. clustering of call impact on the cluster KPIs
drops in an areas of excessive (particularly throughputs).
interference).

Exceptions
If tuning cannot achieve the desired outcomes (e.g. throughput targets) then an exceptions analysis
is prepared. This will explain why targets could not be met (e.g. fixed site grid and coverage limited)

ct 3
e)
Le 02
and what future actions could be used (e.g. a new site, sector addition, small cell).

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 59

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Common Beamforming
ManagedElement
GNBDUFunction 0 (STANDARD) Macro
Standard tapering for Macro coverage shape.
NRSectorCarrier 1 (HIGHEIRP)
High EIRP tapering for Macro coverage shape.
CommonBeamforming 2 (HIGHSLS)
cbfMacroTaperType = Taper type used to suppress first and second upper sidelobes for macro coverage shape. HPBW: H = 65°, V= 10°
0 PRODUCT_DEFAULT
Product specific default coverage shape.
1 MACRO_1 Low
B
Coverage shape with larger beam space ratio in azimuth plane than in elevation plane.
and gNB
2 HIGHRISE_1
Coverage shape with larger beam space ration in elevation plane than in azimuth plane. Mid-
coverageShape = 3 HOTSPOT_1 Highrise
Coverage shape with full beam space in both azimuth and elevation. Band
4 MACRO_120_20
High Coverage shape with larger service area ratio in azimuth plane than in elevation plane.
120 degrees in azimuth and 20 degrees in elevation. amplitude { 0..100 } Unit: 0.001
Band 5 HOTSPOT_120_30 Amplitude for an antenna for custom HPBW: H = 20°, V= 30°
Coverage shape with full service area in both azimuth and elevation. beamforming weights of downlink common channels.
120 degrees in azimuth and 30 degrees in elevation. antennaNo { 0..63 } Antenna port number.
phase { 0..359 }
customComBfwWideBeam = Custom beamforming weights of downlink common channels. Phase for an antenna for custom beamforming
weights of downlink common channels.
digitalPan = { -900..900 } Digitally controlled pan through beamforming. Unit: 0.1 degree
Hotspot
digitalTilt = { -900..900 } Digitally controlled tilt through beamforming. Unit: 0.1 degree

usedCoverageShape = Used coverage shape for sector carrier. (Read Only)

ct 3
usedDigitalPan = Selected digital pan for sector carrier. (Read Only)

e)
Le 02
usedDigitalTilt = Selected digital tilt for sector carrier. (read Only) HPBW: H = 65°, V= 30°

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 60

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Coverage Shape Example (AIR 6488)

AIR 6488 -8˚
65 ± 5˚
Mid-band TDD 10 ± 2˚
64 TX and 64 RX
+8˚
Bandwidth is 100 MHz

25 ± 2˚ 30 ± 3˚

3˚

30 ± 3˚
65 ± 5˚
The coverage shape for other AIR products
3˚
can be found in the ‘Control Channel

ct 3
e)
Beamforming NR’ CPI document.

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 61

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Chapter 2 Exercise 3
Use the Antenna Downtilt and Coverage Calculator from the link or QR code below to
calculate the downtilt required for the scenario illustrated below:
https://www.allaboutcircuits.com/tools/antenna-downtilt-and-coverage-calculator/

AIR 6488
ManagedElement
GNBDUFunction
NRSectorCarrier
CommonBeamforming
coverageShape = 1 Macro_1

Downtilt angle = 4.7137o (degree)

Vertical Beamwidth = 10o
25 m

ct 3
e)
285 m 1.5 m

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 62

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Coverage Tuning with Digital Tilt

Macro Cell shape Macro Cell shape Macro Cell shape
— Example of macro 0o Downtilt 4o Downtilt 8o Downtilt
coverage shapes at
various down tilts for the
AIR6488

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 63

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Coverage Examples

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 64

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Mechanical Tilt
— AIR6488 AAS deployed with
mechanical tilt bracket

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 65

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Traffic channel performance tuning using digital and

mechanical tilt

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 66

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Comparison between Digital and Mechanical Tilt

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 67

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Chapter 2 Exercise 4
Use the follow AMOS commands to complete the table below:
‘get . hwcapability’
‘get . coverageshape’
‘get . digitalPan’
‘get . digitalTilt’

Streetmacro 6701 is fully integrated High-Band Base Station.

It contains 384 Antenna Elements arranged in 4x24 subarrays where each subarray contains 2x1 dual-polarized Antenna Elements.

ct 3
High Band Operation is covered separately in chapter 5.

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 68

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Typical Data Analysis workflow for initial tuning

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 69

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Initial Tuning Phases: Summary

Preparation KPI Assessment Local Tuning Global Tuning

Scope KPI commitments RF Analysis & tuning
Responsibility matrix Accesibility
Timeplan Reitanability Overshooters
Coverage/Quality Local Constraints
Integrity
Acceptance criteria Mobility assessment
RF Analysis & tuning
Cluster & Drive Test route
Cell shape
definition
Antenna tilts
Antenna azimuths
Input data (including Change proposals Downlink power
Drive Test) KPI and Exceptions analysis Parameter tuning
recommendations
Feature activation
Tools setup report

Single Site Verification

(SSV)

ct 3
Acceptance Report

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 70

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Summary of Chapter 2
The participants should now be able to:
2 Describe the tuning Process and Preparations necessary for a tuning exercise
2.1 Explain the tuning strategy for NR RAN network
2.2 Define the Initial Tuning inputs and deliverables
2.3 Perform a network design review and consistency check
2.4 Explain the requirements and setup of the initial tuning tools
2.5 Identify Tuning in the Specific Environments

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 71

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

NR Mid-Band RF CELL
Tuning

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 72

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Objectives of Chapter 3

After completion of this chapter the participants will be able to:

3 Perform NR Mid-Band RF CELL Tuning
3.1 Explain Low and Mid-Band Radio Network Characteristics
3.2 Define coverage of NR cell for different deployment scenario
3.3 Explain tuning with RF control to improve CELL and Antenna coverage
3.4 Relate DL SINR, RSRP and Throughput
3.5 Describe RACH Root sequence and PCI planning
3.6 Explain Important Parameters to be checked for cell tuning

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 73

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

NR low and Mid-Band

Frequencies
NR Bands
Low-Band< 1 GHz
1 GHz < Mid-Band< 6 GHz
6 GHz < High-Band
3GPP TS 38.104 V17.3.0 (2021-09)
Table 5.2-1: NR operating bands in FR1

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 74

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Recommended Primary Tuning Metrics for NR

Metric Measured by Measurement of … Notes
Downlink SS-RSRP UE and/or Scanner Coverage and service SS-RSRP is a reliable indicator of coverage if all cells have the
or availability same RE power and minimum threshold can be calculated.

path loss Uplink throughput Adjustments may be required where different powers are used
(e.g. low power sites).
Path loss should be used where different Reference Symbol
powers are used in the network. ERPE is transmitted on SIB1.

Downlink SS-SINR UE Downlink quality SS-SINR should provide an indication of loaded network
(throughput) performance if the SSB frequency assignments are aligned for
all cells on the NR carrier frequency
Downlink Throughput UE Single user experience Secondary metric. Well correlated with downlink SINR.
From an end user perspective this will include the throughput
performance of LTE and NR.
Uplink Throughput UE Single user experience Secondary metric. Well correlated with downlink path loss
and/or RSRP.
From an end user perspective this will be likely to include the

ct 3
throughput performance of LTE and NR (depending upon

e)
Le 02
whether the UE has an NR or LTE UL leg assignment).

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 75

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

NR Downlink Signals: Definitions Review

— SS reference signal received power (SS-RSRP)
— SS reference signal received quality (SS-RSRQ)
— SS signal-to-noise and interference ratio (SS-SINR)
— Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI-RSRP)
— CSI reference signal received quality (CSI-RSRQ)
— CSI signal-to-noise and interference ratio (CSI-SINR)

The SIB field which carries this value is ss-PBCH-BlockPower which is

transmitted as part of the IE ServingCellConfigCommonSIB which is used to
configure cell specific parameters of a UE's serving cell. Cell specific beam

ct 3
e)
Le 02
UE specific beam

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 76

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Measuring Downlink Signals with G-NetTrack Lite

https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.gyokovsolutions.gnettracklite&hl=en_GB&gl=US
5G Non Stand Alone 5G Stand Alone

NR SS-RSRP

SS-RSRQ

NR SS-SINR

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 77

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Plotting Downlink Signals with G-NetTrack Lite

3
5

Location of logfiles
2 See example on next slide

ct 3
1

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 78

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Example G-NetTrack Lite Logfiles KML (formerly known as Keyhole

Markup Language) is an XML-
based file format for displaying
information in a geographic
context. KML information can be
drawn in many earth-based
browsers, including ArcGIS Earth
and ArcGIS Pro. KML Version 2.2
has been adopted as an Open
Geospatial Consortium (OGC)
standard.

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 79

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Displaying KML file on Google Earth Pro

Google Earth Pro can be downloaded for free on the link below or QR code:
https://www.google.com/earth/about/versions/#download-pro
Select any of the ‘.kml’ files created by G-NetTrack

In this
example
we can
see the
colour
coding
used for
RSRP

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 80

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Chapter 3 Exercise 1
Use Google Earth Pro to open the ‘O2_-_UK_2022.09.07_12.34.26_rxlev.kml’ file from the and
answer the following questions: Q1. What was the highest 5G RSRP value recorded?
Ans: -105 dBm

Q2. What was the lowest 5G RSRP value recorded?

Ans: -126 dBm
— v
Q3. What was the highest RSRP value recorded for any Radio Access Technology?
Ans: -68 dBm was recorded for 4G
— v
Q4. Did the UE drop to 3G at any point?
Ans: Yes, the UE dropped to 3G at 12.36.19
— v

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 81

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Chapter 3 Exercise 2
If there is 5G coverage in your location use G-NetTrack Lite to make a short log file as you walk
around the area. Use the Ookla Speedtest App to make some speed tests in good and bad coverage
areas. Use Google Earth Pro to open the rxlev.kml’ file and share the following with the class:

Q1. What was the highest 5G RSRP value recorded?

Ans:

Q2. What was the download bit rate at this point?

Ans:

Q3. What was the lowest 5G RSRP value recorded?

Ans:

Q4. What was the download bit rate at this point?

Ans:

Q5. What was the highest RSRP value recorded for any Radio Access Technology?
Ans:

Q6. Did the UE drop to 3G at any point?

Ans:

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 82

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

LTE Anchor Cell Checks

Recommendations for LTE anchor cells for NSA Mid Band deployment:
— Co-sited, co-azimuth anchor cells should be assigned as the highest priority
— Other co-sited anchor cells with the potential for coverage overlap can be added
— Neighboring cells can be added as anchors if required NR NSA Carrier

To be an anchor candidate the following must be configured in the RAN side: LTE Carrier 3 
— Basic Intelligent Connectivity license is activated in eNodeB
— EN-DC support is enabled in the E-UTRAN cell
LTE Carrier 2 
— X2 connection is established to the gNodeB controlling the candidate NR cell
LTE Carrier 1 
— B1 Thresholds configured in ‘ReportConfigB1GUtra’ Managed Object (measurement based)
— NR Indicator in SIB2 (The information is used by the UE to display a “5G icon” on the phone)
- No impact on ENDC setup

ct 3
Full details on all parameters and counters associated with EN-DC can be found in the

e)
Le 02
‘Basic Intelligent Connectivity’ CPI document.

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 83

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Chapter 3 Exercise 3
Use the Moshell commands shown to perform the LTE Anchor checks on the
ESS_Low_Band_dcgm file.

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 84

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

RACH Preamble Formats

Used in Ericsson for Low and Mid-Band
Used in Ericsson for Low-Band

NR Bands
Low-Band< 1 GHz

Used in Ericsson for High-Band 1 GHz < Mid-Band< 6 GHz

6 GHz < High-Band

Used in Ericsson for Low and Mid-Band

Used in Ericsson for High-Band

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 85

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

RACH Preamble Format 0 (Low-Band)

CP SEQ GP
TCP = 3168k msec UE at Antenna
TSEQ = 24576k msec k = 64 X 0.509 X 10-6 msec according to TS38.211
TGP = 2976k msec
Therefore:
TCP = 3168 X 64 X 0.509 X 10-6 = 0.1032 msec = 103.2 usec
TSEQ = 24576 X 64 X 0.509 X 10-6 = 0.8006 msec = 800.6 usec
TGP = 2976k = 2976 X 64 X 0.509 X 10-6 = 0.0969 msec = 96.9 usec

Maximum Cell range is based on the Symbol Duration (Ts) or the length of Guard
Period (TGP), whichever is the longest.

Low-Band (μ = 0)
Subcarrier spacing = 15 kHz => Symbol Duration (Ts) = 1/(15X103) = 66.7 usec
TGP = 96.9 usec

With the speed of RF assumed to be the same a slight i.e. 300000 km/s or 300 m/us,
based on the GP length of 96.9 usec we get a maximum propagation distance of

ct 3
(96.9 X 300) = 29070 m.

e)
Le 02
Which equates to a maximum cell range of (29070/2) = 14535 m UE 14,535 m from Antenna

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 86

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

RACH Preamble Format 0 (Mid-Band)

Maximum Cell range is based on the Symbol Duration (Ts) or the length of Guard
Period (TGP), whichever is the longest.

Mid-Band (μ = 1)
Subcarrier spacing = 30 kHz => Symbol Duration (Ts) = 1/(30X103) = 33.3 usec
TGP = 96.9 usec

With the speed of RF assumed to be the same a slight i.e. 300000 km/s or 300 m/us,
based on the GP length of 96.9 usec we get a maximum propagation distance of

ct 3
(96.9 X 300) = 29070 m.

e)
Le 02
Which equates to a maximum cell range of (29070/2) = 14535 m UE 14,535 m from Antenna

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 87

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

RACH Preamble Format 1 (Low-Band)

CP SEQ SEQ GP
TCP = 21024k msec UE at Antenna
TSEQ = 24576k msec k = 64 X 0.509 X 10-6 msec according to TS38.211
TGP = 21984k msec
Therefore:
TCP = 21024 X 64 X 0.509 X 10-6 = 0.6849 msec = 684.9 usec
TSEQ = 24576 X 64 X 0.509 X 10-6 = 0.8006 msec = 800.6 usec
TGP = 21984 X 64 X 0.509 X 10-6 = 0.7162 msec = 716.2 usec

Maximum Cell range is based on the Symbol Duration (Ts) or the length of Guard
Period (TGP), whichever is the longest.

Low-Band (μ = 0)
Subcarrier spacing = 15 kHz => Symbol Duration (Ts) = 1/(15X103) = 66.7 usec
TGP = 716.2 usec

With the speed of RF assumed to be the same a slight i.e. 300000 km/s or 300 m/us,
based on the GP length of 716.2 usec we get a maximum propagation distance of

ct 3
(716.2 X 300) = 214860 m.
UE 107,430 m from Antenna

e)
Le 02
Which equates to a maximum cell range of (214860/2) = 107430 m

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 88

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

RACH Preamble Format B4 (Low-Band)

CP SEQ SEQ SEQ SEQ SEQ SEQ SEQ SEQ SEQ SEQ SEQ SEQ GP

TCP = 936k2-μ msec UE at Antenna

TSEQ = 2048k2-μ msec k = 64 X 0.509 X 10-6 msec according to TS38.211
TGP = 792k2-μ msec μ = numerology i.e. 0 for Low-Band
Therefore:
TCP = 936 X 64 X 0.509 X 10-6 X 2-0 = 0.0305msec = 30.5 usec
TSEQ = 2048 X 64 X 0.509 X 10-6 X 2-0 = 0.0667 msec = 66.7 usec
TGP = 792 X 64 X 0.509 X 10-6 X 2-0 = 0.0258 msec = 25.8 usec

Maximum Cell range is based on the Symbol Duration (Ts) or the length of Guard
Period (TGP), whichever is the longest.

Low-Band (μ = 0)
Subcarrier spacing = 15 kHz => Symbol Duration (Ts) = 1/(15X103) = 66.7 usec
TGP = 25.8 usec

With the speed of RF assumed to be the same a slight i.e. 300000 km/s or 300 m/us,
based on the symbol duration (Ts) of 66.7 usec we get a maximum propagation

ct 3
distance of (66.7 X 300) = 20010 m.

e)
UE 10,005 m from Antenna

Le 02
Which equates to a maximum cell range of (20010/2) = 10005 m

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 89

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

RACH Preamble Format B4 (Mid-Band)

CP SEQ SEQ SEQ SEQ SEQ SEQ SEQ SEQ SEQ SEQ SEQ SEQ GP

TCP = 936k2-μ msec UE at Antenna

TSEQ = 2048k2-μ msec k = 64 X 0.509 X 10-6 msec according to TS38.211
TGP = 792k2-μ msec μ = numerology i.e. 1 for Mid-Band
Therefore:
TCP = 936 X 64 X 0.509 X 10-6 X 2-1 = 0.0152msec = 15.2 usec
TSEQ = 2048 X 64 X 0.509 X 10-6 X 2-1 = 0.0334 msec = 33.4 usec
TGP = 792 X 64 X 0.509 X 10-6 X 2-1 = 0.0129 msec = 12.9 usec

Maximum Cell range is based on the Symbol Duration (Ts) or the length of Guard
Period (TGP), whichever is the longest.

Mid-Band (μ = 1)
Subcarrier spacing = 30 kHz => Symbol Duration (Ts) = 1/(30X103) = 33.3 usec
TGP = 12.9 usec

With the speed of RF assumed to be the same a slight i.e. 300000 km/s or 300 m/us,
based on the symbol duration (Ts) of 33.3 usec we get a maximum propagation

ct 3
distance of (33.3 X 300) = 9990 m.

e)
UE 4,995 m from Antenna

Le 02
Which equates to a maximum cell range of (9990/2) = 4995 m

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 90

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

RACH Root Sequence and Cell Range

The UE will distinguish its RACH preamble from other UEs by picking one
of 16 available preamble signatures.
These signatures are constructed by phase shifting one or more Zadoff-
Cell Range = 1550 m Chu (ZC) RACH Root Sequences.
(RTT =10.33us ) RACH Preamble Format B4
139 bits Terror accounts CP SEQ SEQ SEQ SEQ SEQ SEQ SEQ SEQ SEQ SEQ SEQ SEQ GP
Zadoff-Chu sequence (n) for any time
TSEQ = 2048k2-μ msec
alignment k = 64 X 0.509 X 10-6 msec according to TS38.211
Zadoff-Chu sequence (n)
NCS errors. μ = numerology i.e. 1 for Mid-Band
(46 bits) Zadoff-Chu sequence (n) TSEQ = 2048 X 64 X 0.509 X 10-6 X 2-1 = 0.0334 msec = 33.4 usec
Sequence length (NZC) = 139 (Format A1, A2, A3, B1, B2, B3, B4, C0, C2)
Zadoff-Chu sequence (n+1) Bit duration = 33.4/139 = 0.24 usec.
RTT = 2 X (1550/300) = 10.33 usec + 0.5 usec (Terror) added to give a total of 10.83 usec.
RTT distance of 10.83 usec equates to (10.83/0.24) = 45.125 bits.
Which means that the minimum cyclic shift required (NCS) is 46 bits.
Since the Zadoff-Chu (ZC) Sequence length is 139 bits a maximum of 139/46 = 3.02 = 3 preamble signatures can be

ct 3
created from one Zadoff-Chu (ZC) Sequence.

e)
Le 02
To support 16 RACH signatures in the cell 16/3 = 5.33 or 6 RACH Root Sequences are needed.

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 91

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

RACH Root Sequence (Low-Band)

Note: When the RACH preamble format is set to format 0, the

cell range can be configured to be greater than 15,000 m.
However, this can cause random access performance
degradation and interference with other channels.
(1) Format B4 is the default preamble format. For supported low-band formats, see Feature Operation in Coverage Extension Low-Band.
(2) To avoid high levels of false detection, the use of NCS configuration 1 and 2 is not recommended for preamble format B4.
CPI (NR RAN 21.Q3)
–Product Overview
–Features and Capacities

ct 3
–Random Access

e)
Le 02
–8. Engineering Guidelines of Random Access in EN-DC

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 92

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

RACH Root Sequence Mid-Band

Note: When the RACH preamble format is set to format 0, the

cell range can be configured to be greater than 15,000 m.
However, this can cause random access performance
Previous NCS calculation degradation and interference with other channels.

(1) To avoid high levels of false detection, the use of NCS configuration 1 and 2 is not recommended for preamble format B4.

CPI (NR RAN 21.Q3)

–Product Overview
–Features and Capacities

ct 3
–Random Access

e)
Le 02
–8. Engineering Guidelines of Random Access in EN-DC

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 93

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

PRACH Format Selection (Low-Band)

Format B4 is the default PRACH format for Low-Band
• Supports a maximum cell range of 10 km with 139 RACH Root Sequences.

‘Coverage Extension Low-Band’ (FAJ 121 5080) Basic Feature

Included in the ‘NR Base Package, (FAJ 801 4002)’
• Introduces support for PRACH format 0 for Low-Band which supports a maximum cell range of 15 km with 839
RACH Root Sequences.
• The increased number of RACH Root Sequences and longer sequence length increases the number of available
preamble sequences which reduces the risk of collision between random access attempts by UEs in different
cells. Supported in FDD only

‘Extended Propagation Delay Support for Low-Band’ Optional Feature

Included in the ‘Advanced Coverage Extension, (FAJ 801 4006) NR RAN Value Package)’
• Introduces support for PRACH format 1 which supports a maximum cell range of 100 km with 838 RACH Root
Sequences.
• Compared to format 0, format 1 has repetition of PRACH symbol which gives better SNR performance.

ct 3
e)
Le 02
• PRACH preamble format 1 occupies three uplink slots. Supported in FDD only

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 94

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

PRACH Format Selection (Mid-Band)

Format B4 is the default PRACH format for Mid-Band
• Supports a maximum cell range of 5 km with 139 RACH Root Sequences.

‘PRACH Enhancements Mid-Band’ Optional Feature

Included in the ‘Advanced Coverage Extension, (FAJ 801 4006) Value Package’
• Introduces support for PRACH format 0 for Mid-Band which supports a maximum cell range of 15 km with 839
RACH Root Sequences.
• The increased number of RACH Root Sequences and longer sequence length increases the number of available
preamble sequences which reduces the risk of collision between random access attempts by UEs in different
cells.
• The use of preamble formats in Mid-Band is determined by the used TDD patterns. Format 0 supports TDD
patterns with two or more continuous uplink slots only.
The following TDD patterns are supported:
- DDDSUDDSUU (4+1+3+2), with configuration index 7
- DDDSUUDDDD (4+2+4), with configuration index 9

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 95

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

RACH Root Sequence Example (Mid-Band)

ManagedElement Applying the value 1 for
+GNBDUFunction ‘rachRootSequence’ with a
+NRCellDU = Cell_1 ‘cellRange’ value of 1500 will mean
bandListManual = 78 that RACH Root sequences 1, 2, 3, 4,
cellRange = 1500 5 and 6 are to be used in that cell.
rachPreambleFormat = 1 (B4)
rachrootsequence = 1
+NRCellDU = Cell_2
bandListManual = 78 The values of the
cellRange = 1500 rachRootSequence in adjacent cells
rachPreambleFormat = 1 (B4) must differ by at least 6 and 131 at
rachrootsequence = 7 most between two neighbors.
+NRCellDU = Cell_3
bandListManual = 78 The reason for this is a wrap-around
cellRange = 1500 between the first and the last value
in the value range.
B
rachPreambleFormat = 1 (B4)
rachrootsequence = 13 131 + 6 < 138
gNB for RACH Preamble Format B4.

ct 3
e)
(Sequence length (NZC) = 139)

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 96

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

gNodeB RACH Parameters

ManagedElement
GNBDUFunction
NRCellDU
bandList { 1..1024 } List of all NR bands the cells belongs to.

B
If bandListManual is configured, it will be used instead of bandList.
bandListManual { 1..5, 7, 8, 12..14, 18, 20, 24..26, 28..30, 34, 38..41, 48, 50, 51, 53, 65, 66, 70, 71, 74..86, 89..95, 97..99, 257..261 }
Configured list of bands to be used by cell. If present, this list is used instead of NRCellDU::bandList.
gNB cellRange { 1..100000 } Maximum signal path distance from BS where connection to UE can be set up and maintained. Unit: 1m
If empty, system configures 1100 m for High-Band cells and 1600 m for Low-Band or Mid-Band cells.
Value greater than 15000 m when rachPreambleFormat is RACH_PREAMBLE_FORMAT_00 (F0) can cause random access
performance degradation and interference to other channels.
For Low-Band, cellRange must be less than or equal to 10000 m if rachPreambleFormat is set to RACH_PREAMBLE_FORMAT_01 (B4).
For Mid-Band, cellRange must be less than or equal to 5000 m if rachPreambleFormat is set to RACH_PREAMBLE_FORMAT_01 (B4).
For High-Band, cell range must be less than or equal to 4000 m.
If value is greater than 1100 m:
- rachPreambleFormat must be set to RACH_PREAMBLE_FORMAT_04 (C2).
- license for Extended Propagation Delay Support High-Band must be present and activated before cell unlock.
0: RACH_PREAMBLE_FORMAT_00 (RACH preamble format 0)
1: RACH_PREAMBLE_FORMAT_01 (RACH preamble format B4)
rachPreambleFormat= 2: RACH_PREAMBLE_FORMAT_02 (RACH preamble format 1)
3: RACH_PREAMBLE_FORMAT_03 (RACH preamble format A3)
4: RACH_PREAMBLE_FORMAT_04 (RACH preamble format C2)

ct 3
rachRootSequence = 1 { 0..837 } First root sequence index for random access preamble generation.

e)
Le 02
Dependencies: rachRootSequence < 138 if rachPreambleFormat is set to RACH_PREAMBLE_FORMAT_01 (B4)

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 97

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Chapter 3 Exercise 4
Use the AMOS commands shown below to complete ManagedElement
+GNBDUFunction
this diagram for the NSA_Mid_Band_dcgm file.
+NRCellDU=BLAG1X
bandListManual = 78
‘get . bandlistmanual' cellRange = 2430
rachPreambleFormat = 1 (B4)
‘get . cellrange' rachrootsequence = 128
+NRCellDU = BLAG2X
bandListManual = 78
‘get . rachPreambleFormat’ cellRange = 2430
rachPreambleFormat = 1 (B4)
‘get . rachrootsequence' B rachrootsequence = 72
+NRCellDU = BLAG3X
gNB
bandListManual = 78
cellRange = 2430
NSA_Mid_Band_dcgm rachPreambleFormat = 1 (B4)

ct 3
e)
rachrootsequence = 8

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 98

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Random Access - Power Ramp-up Configuration

(SA and NSA)
Random Access Power Ramp-up is controllable with two parameters:

— NRCellDU.rachPreambleRecTargetPower can be used to control the power of first Preamble

— The maximum number of reattempts is controlled by NRCellDU.rachPreambleTransMax
— When the maximum number of reattempts is reached, UE is expected to start a new Random Access Preamble

rachPreambleRecTargetPower (default: -110 dBm)

{ -202..-60 }
NOTE: This is NOT a configurable

...
UE Tx Power/
RSRP
parameter but is hard-coded to a
value of 4 dB
ra-PreamblePowerRampingStep

...

1st RA preamble
Nth Attempt (max)
before declaring a failure
2nd RA preamble

ct 3
rachPreambleTransMax (default: 10)

e)
Le 02
{3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200}
3rd RA preamble

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 99

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Delivery of System Information

XNAP Handover Request Acknowledge ‘spCellConfigCommon’

RRC Reconfiguration ‘spCellConfigCommon’

Read from SSB/DCH

Source B Handover B Target
gNB SA Idle SA Active gNB

NSA RRC Reconfiguration ‘spCellConfigCommon’

X2AP SgNB Addition Request Acknowledge

‘spCellConfigCommon’
B ‘spCellConfigCommon’ contains a set of System
eNB

ct 3
Information parameters that the UE would

e)
Le 02
typically acquire from SSB, MIB or SIBs when

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 100

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Example of System Information for RACH

The UE calculates the path loss between it and the gNodeB by subtracting rach-ConfigCommon setup : {
its measured SS-RSRP from the ‘ss-PBCH-BlockPower’ value. rach-ConfigGeneric {
Eg. 21 – ( - 109) = 130 dB prach-ConfigurationIndex 7,
The UE can then calculate how much power to transmit for the first msg1-FDM one, msg1-
FrequencyStart 3,
preamble to achieve the ‘preambleReceivedTargetPower’
zeroCorrelationZoneConfig 8,
Eg. Preamble Power = 130 – 110 = 20 dBm preambleReceivedTargetPower -110,
preambleTransMax n10,

Source B SS-RSRP powerRampingStep dB4,

ra-ResponseWindow sl10
gNB .
-109 dBm .
ss-PBCH-BlockPower 21

NSA RRC Reconfiguration ‘spCellConfigCommon’

X2AP SgNB Addition Request Acknowledge NOTE: ‘ss-PBCH-BlockPower’ is not a

‘spCellConfigCommon’
B parameter but is calculated by the eNodeB

ct 3
based on cell transmit power and bandwidth.

e)
eNB

Le 02
(see next slide)

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 101

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Calculation of ‘ss-PBCH-BlockPower’ by gNodeB

The ‘ss-PBCH-BlockPower’ value sent to the
UE is the Synchronization Signal Physical
Each Resource Block Broadcast Channel Effective Power per
EPRE Reference Element (EPRE)
contains 12 Subcarriers
Example:

ssbSubCarrierSpacing = 30 kHz
Resource Block #0 Subframe n-1 Subframe n Subframe n+1 bSChannelBwDL = 100 MHz
=> 273 Resource Blocks

Resource Block #1 configuredMaxTxPower = 160000 mW

ssbPowerBoost = 4 dB
=> EPRE of SSB boosted by 4 dB Resource Blocks
Subcarriers
SSB EPRE = 10 log(160000/(273 X 12)) + 4 dB
Resource Block #n 16.89 + 4 = 20.889 ≈ 21 dBm
(as shown in the previous slide)

ct 3
The maximum number of Resources Blocks depends on the Bandwidth and subcarrier spacing band.

e)
Le 02
Eg. 100 MHz BW with 30 kHz Subcarrier spacing has a total of 273 Resource Blocks.

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 102

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Cell Range Testing During Initial tuning

— Cell Range test location: Should not limited by Signal quality
— Testing should be conducted on sites with high antennas mounting relative to the surrounding
environment with unobstructed signal paths.
— Setup a session in a very good signal location and then drive away from the cell site until the
session is released which will indicate the session release cell range.
— The UE will lose synchronization on the NR leg, and it will be switched to an LTE leg only state.
— Session setup cell range can be determined by attempting to set up a session and if the attempt
fails then moving closer to the cell site and re-attempting the setup., the NR leg will fail to be
established until the attempt is made within 1.9 km of the cell.

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 103

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Overshooting NR Cells and Cell Range Optimization

Example

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 104

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Overshooting NR Cells and Cell Range Optimization Example

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 105

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Cell Range and Random Access (SA and NSA) (1)

ManagedElement
+GNBDUFunction
+NRCellDU
cellRange{1..100000} Maximum signal path distance from base station where
cellRange connection to UE can be set up and maintained.

If empty, system configures 5000 m for High-Band cells and 1600 m for Low-Band or Mid-
Band cells. For High-Band, 5000 m is the maximum value. If a higher value is configured,
value 5000 m is used.

X Value greater than 15000 m when rachPreambleFormat is

RACH_PREAMBLE_FORMAT_00 (F0) can cause random access performance degradation
and interference to other channels.
gNB
Unit: 1 m

pmRadioRaCbFailMsg1Ooc
The number of CBRA preambles discarded due to the timing offset corresponding to a
greater distance than the configured cell range. Unit: messages

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 106

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Chapter 3 Exercise 5
Use the AMOS ‘pmx . pmRadio.*Ooc -m 1’ command to see if there were any CBRA preambles discarded
for UEs outside the maximum cell range in the last hour for any cell in the ESS_Low_Band_dcgm.zip’ file.

Yes there are some CBRA preambles

discarded for UEs outside the
maximum cell range in the last hour
for all cells!

The cell range is 15000 m (15 km)

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 107

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Cell Range and Random Access (SA and NSA) (2)

pmRadioRaAttTaDistr (NRCellDU)
Distribution of measured TA values from all detected possible random access attempts.
TA values are expressed as a percentage of TA that correspond to configured cell range.
Unit: messages PDF Ranges:

Example: cellRange = 1600 m Bin[0]: [0..10[ %

Bin[1]: [10..20[ %
Bin[2]: [20..30[ %
Bin[3]: [30..40[ %
Bin[4]: [40..50[ %
Bin[5]: [50..60[ %
800 m Bin[6]: [60..70[ %
Bin[7]: [70..80[ %
Bin[8]: [80..90[ %
1900 m
X
Bin[9]: [90..100[ %
gNB Bin[10]: [100..110[ %
Bin[11]: [110..]: %

Condition: Stepped when RA Msg1 received. Counter includes both true and false random
access attempts.

0 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 110%

pmRadioRaAttTaDistr = 0 0 0 0 0 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1

ct 3
e)
Le 02
0m Bin[0]
160mBin[1]
320mBin[2]
480mBin[3]
640mBin[4]
800mBin[5]
960mBin[6] Bin[7]
1120m Bin[8]
1280m Bin[9]
1440m Bin[10]
1600m Bin[11]
1760m

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 108

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Chapter 3 Exercise 6
Use the AMOS ‘pmx . pmRadioRaAttTaDistr’ command to see the Timing Advance of the majority of
Random Accesses in all cells in the ESS_Low_Band_dcgm.zip’ file.

The majority are in Bin[0]: [0..10[ %

Even though there were some arriving
from UEs outside the maximum cell

ct 3
range in the last exercise

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 109

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

NR PCI Planning
The same PSS In NR, CRS is not used, and
value based on Reference Signal is not
MOD3 has the required. NR instead uses
same Reference DMRS in Broadcast Channel
Signal position in (PBCH) and the location of the
the frequency DMRS is repeated in the 4th
domain. carrier in the frequency
=> Overlapping domain. In order to minimize
cells with the same interference on DMRS on
MOD could cause overlapping cells, MOD4 PCI
interference on the planning must also be
Reference Signal considered together with
MOD3 when planning NR PCI.
NR: PSS = 0, 1 or 2 and SSS = 0 to 335 => ( 3 X 336 = 1008) => nRPCI { 0..1007 }

ct 3
e)
Le 02
LTE: PSS = 0, 1 or 2 and SSS = 0 to 167 => ( 3 X 168 = 504) = > physicalLayerCellId { 0..503 }

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 110

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Chapter 3 Exercise 7
Use the AMOS ‘get . nrpci’ command to print the cells and neighbour PCI values for the cells in
the in the ‘NSA_Mid_Band_dcgm.zip’ file.

No PCI
conflicts

Mod 3 = 1 Mod 4 = 2
Mod 3 = 2 Mod 4 = 3
No Mod 3
Mod 3 = 0 Mod 4 = 1 or 4 issues

ct 3
e)
Le 02
Are there any PCI conflicts or MOD 3 or 4 issues between the 3 cells in the gNodeB No
?

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 111

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Cross-link Interference (CLI) Δt1

(42 km)
Δt2
LTE RBS receives a delayed symbol from the NR RBS.
NR TDD (75 km)
LTE configuration 2 is coexisting with NR DDDDSUUDDDD with a special slot
of 6 downlink symbols, 4 guard symbols and 4 uplink symbols, 6:4:4 slot.
Cross-link interference between LTE and NR LTE TDD

Interference between downlink and uplink is occurring when the propagation delay Δt1 exceeds 4 NR
symbols, which corresponds to 42.8 km. With another special slot configured, 3 downlink symbols, 8
guard symbols and 3 uplink symbols, a 3:8:3 slot, the propagation delay Δt2 increases to 7 NR symbols,
which corresponds to 75 km.
In case of NR with LTE, a solution is to co-locate RBSs to the greatest extent. A solution applicable both

ct 3
e)
Le 02
for NR with LTE and NR with NR is to configure NR special slots with wide guard periods.

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 112

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Tuning for Coverage

– serving cell SS-RSRP or path loss
is used as the primary metrics
– Rectification of issues:
– Antenna azimuth adjustment
– Antenna tilt adjustment
– LTE anchor cell check

– In some instances, the antenna

cannot be adjusted due to the
potential detrimental impacts of
the change within other areas
covered by the cells.

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 113

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Tuning for Quality/SINR

Major contributors:
— Interference from other external sources in
spectrum
— Poor coverage for NR frequencies due to the
higher frequency band
— Overlapping coverage areas with PCI conflicts
— Overshooting coverage from distant areas
— Disturbances caused by synchronization issues.

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 114

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Expected DL Throughput vs DL SINR curve

Radio
Condition SINR
DL throughput
Close to the maximum
very high possible throughput of
Excellent (> 25 dB) the channel.
between lower than that of the
10 to 15 excellent radio
Medium dB conditions.
Very Low, depending
upon the RF pathloss
differences between the
NR leg and the LTE leg,
between 0 UE operating on LTE
Poor and 5 dB only

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 115

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Uplink SINR, Resource Blocks and UE transmit power

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 116

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Uplink SINR, Resource Blocks and UE transmit power

(Field Test Results)

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 117

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Downlink User Plane Switching Parameters (EN-DC)

MN Terminated SN Terminated
1) B1 report triggers split bearer MCG Bearer Split Bearer
setup.
LTE (MN) NR (SN) LTE (MN) NR (SN) LTE (MN) NR (SN) LTE (MN) NR (SN)
Initially use SCG resources
PDCP PDCP PDCP PDCP
regardless of SINR.
RLC RLC RLC RLC RLC RLC RLC
UE begins measuring NR DL SINR MAC MAC MAC MAC MAC MAC MAC
(CQI). L1 L1 L1 L1 L1 L1 L1

MCG SCG MCG SCG

2) Poor SINR. resources resources resources resources
Switch from SCG to MCG resources. endcDlNrRetProhibTimer (default = 400 msec)
NR DL 1
SINR 4
3) Good SINR but prohibit timer
not expired. Do not switch to
3
SCG resources. endcDlNrQualHyst (default = 5 dB)

2
4) Good SINR and timer expired. endcDlNrLowQualThresh (default = 5 dB)
Switch from MCG to SCG

ct 3
Time

e)
resources.

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 118

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Chapter 3 Exercise 8
Use the Moshell ‘get . endcDlNr’ command to find the setting of the Downlink User Plane
Switching Parameters for NSA_Mid_Band_dcgm. Are default values used?

Some tuning has already been performed on the ‘endcDlNrLowQualThresh’ and

ct 3
‘endcDlNrQualHys’ parameters.

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 119

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Downlink User Plane Switching Counters (EN-DC)

GNBCUUPFunction

pmPdcpRadioResSwitchDlMcg PDCP

Number of times DL PDCP makes a switch to use MCG radio

resource based on measurements from UE.
Stepped when DL PDCP switches to MCG radio resource. LTE NR

Switch from SCG to

MCG cellgroup

pmPdcpRadioResSwitchDlScg PDCP
Number of times DL PDCP switches to use SCG radio resource
based on measurements from UE.
Stepped when DL PDCP switches to SCG radio resource. LTE NR

ct 3
e)
Le 02
Switch from MCG to

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 120

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Chapter 3 Exercise 9
Use the Moshell ‘pmx . pmPdcpRadioResSwitch -m 1’ command to find the time in the last hour
when the most SCG Downlink User Plane Switching was performed for NSA_Mid_Band_dcgm.

Time with the most Downlink

SGC User Plane Switching

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 121

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Uplink Throughput in NSA

ManagedElement
GNBDUFunction
NRCellDU
endcDlLegSwitchEnabled = true/false
endcDlNrLowQualThresh = 5 { -40..40 } [dB]
endcDlNrQualHyst = 5 { 0..60 } [dB]
endcUlLegSwitchEnabled = false/true NOTE: With default
endcUlNrLowQualThresh = 17 { -40..145 } [dB] settings uplink data is
carried by MCG (LTE)
gNodeB (SN) endcUlNrQualHyst = 6 { 1..60 } [dB]

GNBCUCPFunction
QciProfileEndcConfigExt

ct 3
initialUplinkConf = MCG/SCG

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 122

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Uplink User Plane Switching Parameters (EN-DC)

MN Terminated SN Terminated
1) B1 report triggers split bearer MCG Bearer Split Bearer
setup.
LTE (MN) NR (SN) LTE (MN) NR (SN) LTE (MN) NR (SN) LTE (MN) NR (SN)
Assume initialUplinkConf = SCG
PDCP PDCP PDCP PDCP
in this example.
RLC RLC RLC RLC RLC RLC RLC

gNodeB begins measuring NR UL MAC MAC MAC MAC MAC MAC MAC
SINR. L1 L1 L1 L1 L1 L1 L1

MCG SCG MCG SCG

2) Poor SINR. resources resources resources resources
Switch from SCG to MCG endcUlNrRetProhibTimer (default = 1000 msec)
resources. 1
NR UL
SINR 4
3) Good SINR but prohibit timer not
3
expired. Do not switch to SCG
resources. endcUlNrQualHyst (default = 6 dB)

2
4) Good SINR and timer endcUlNrLowQualThresh (default = 17 dB)
expired. Switch from

ct 3
Time

e)
Le 02
MCG to SCG resources.

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 123

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Chapter 3 Exercise 10
Use the Moshell ‘get . endcUlNr’ command to find the setting of the Downlink User Plane
Switching Parameters for NSA_Mid_Band_dcgm. Are default values used?

Some tuning has already been performed on the ‘endcUlNrLowQualThresh’ and

ct 3
‘endcUlNrQualHys’ parameters.

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 124

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Uplink User Plane Switching Counters (EN-DC)

GNBCUUPFunction

pmProhibitTimerRefuseUlLegSwitch PDCP
Total number of times endcUlNrRetProhibTimer refuses UL Leg
Switch to NR leg.
Stepped when endcUlNrRetProhibTimer refuses UL Leg Switch LTE NR
to NR leg.
Switch from MCG to
SCG cellgroup

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 125

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Chapter 3 Exercise 11
Use the Moshell ‘pmx . pmProhibitTimerRefuseUlLegSwitch -m 1’ command to see if the
endcUlNrRetProhibTimer refused UL Leg Switch to NR leg in the last hour for NSA_Mid_Band_dcgm.

UL Leg Switch to NR leg was refused 4 times in the last hour

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 126

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Tuning NR Leg Switch

Yes

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 127

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Results of ‘endcDlNrLowQualThresh’ Tuning

(Pre value = –8 dB, Post value = –15 dB)

Traffic over LTE leg decreased and NR Cell Throughput and Drop Rate degraded slightly which
is expected as the UE is retained on NR leg for a longer duration in bad quality.

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 128

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Summary of Chapter 3

The participants should now be able to:

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 129

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

NR Mid-Band RF UE
Tuning

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 130

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Objectives of Chapter 4
After completion of this chapter the participants will be able to:
4 Explain NR Mid-Band RF UE Tuning
4.1 Explain Accessibility KPIs and analysis of related data for NR RAN
4.2 Explain Retainability KPIs and analysis of related data for NR RAN
4.3 Explain Mobility KPIs and analysis of related data for NR RAN
4.4 Explain Integrity KPIs and analysis of related data for NR RAN

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 131

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Ericsson Recommended Accessibility KPIs

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 132

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

NR Non-Standalone Session Setup Success Rate

(NR_NSA_SSSR)
Formula – Controlled Environment & Drive Test:
#𝑆𝑢𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑓𝑢𝑙 𝑆𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑆𝑒𝑡𝑢𝑝𝑠
𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑅 % 100
#𝑆𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐴𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑡𝑠
Flex counters used to filter
Formula – Statistical Counters: NOTE: captured in eNodeB for EN-DC stages 1 and 2

ct 3
e)
Key Performance Indicators from NR CPI

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 133

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

RRCESTABR and S1SIGCONNESTABR in AMOS

pmr

EUtranCell Traffic Performance KPIs

206

Each ROP is reported separately (09:00 ROP shown here)

=100 * pmRrcConnEstabSucc
(pmRrcConnEstabAtt – pmRrcConnEstabAttReatt -RRCMMEOVL)

(pmRrcConnEstabFailMmeOvlMos - pmRrcConnEstabFailMmeOvlMod)
RRCESTABR

S1SIGCONNESTABR
=100 * pmS1SigConnEstabSucc

ct 3
(pmS1SigConnEstabAtt - pmS1SigConnEstabFailMmeOvlMos)

e)
Le 02
More ROPs

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 134

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

EN-DC Stages

Matched => UE’s EN-DC capability

matches the eNodeB
configuration (some LTE + NR
frequency band combination
supported by both cell and UE)

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 135

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Flexible Counters for EN-DC

— Three levels of filtering are available for the EN-DC
— The included levels are set by the parameter endcFilterMin
— For example, if this parameter is set to 1, then the counter is stepped if the EN-DC state is EPC
either ENDC_NR_MATCHED or ENDC_NR_ACTIVE
ManagedElement
+- ENodeBFunction

B B
+- PmFlexCounterFilter=2
counterNameSuffix=Endc0To99
endcFilterEnabled=true
endcFilterMax=99 (ENDC_UE_RELEASED) eNB gNB
endcFilterMin=0 (ENDC_NR_CAPABLE)
+- PmFlexCounterFilter=3 LTE Cell 5G NR Cell
counterNameSuffix=Endc1To99
Filter EN-DC Stage
endcFilterEnabled=true
(ENDC_NR_CAPABLE)
endcFilterMax=99 (ENDC_UE_RELEASED) 0
The UE is confirmed to be capable of EN-DC
endcFilterMin=1 (ENDC_NR_MATCHED) (ENDC_NR_MATCHED)
1
+- PmFlexCounterFilter=4 B1 measurements for EN-DC are configured in the UE
counterNameSuffix=Endc2To99 2
(ENDC_NR_ACTIVE)
ENDC is active for the UE
endcFilterEnabled=true
(ENDC_UE_RELEASED)

ct 3
endcFilterMax=99 (ENDC_UE_RELEASED) 99

e)
UE is released

Le 02
endcFilterMin=2 (ENDC_NR_ACTIVE)

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 136

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

EN-DC Accessibility Flex Counters in AMOS

Shows counter value from last ROP

The ‘pmx’ command without any switches (eg. –m previous

minutes) shows just the last ROP which in this example is 09:00

pmFlexxxx_Endc1To99 counters used

UEs in EN-DC stage 1, 2 and 99 included
Filter EN-DC Stage
(ENDC_NR_CAPABLE)
0
The UE is confirmed to be capable of EN-DC
(ENDC_NR_MATCHED)
1
B1 measurements for EN-DC are configured in the UE
(ENDC_NR_ACTIVE)
2
ENDC is active for the UE
(ENDC_UE_RELEASED)

ct 3
99

e)
UE is released

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 137

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Chapter 4 Exercise 1
Use the AMOS ‘pmr’(206) and ‘pmx . pmFlexErabEstab.*Init_Endc1To99’ commands to calculate the NR
Non-Standalone Session Setup Success Rate in EUtranCellFDD=BLAG1M at 09:45 in the
‘ESS_Low_Band_dcgm.zip’ file.

pmFlexErabEstabSuccInit_Endc1To99 11
= 11 = 1
pmFlexErabEstabAttInit_Endc1To99

ct 3
e)
=>NR Non-Standalone Session Setup Success Rate in EUtranCellFDD=BLAG1M = 100 *(1 * 1 * 1) 100 %

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 138

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

NR Standalone Session Setup Success Rate

(NR_SA_SSSR)
Formula – Controlled Environment & Drive Test:
#𝑆𝑢𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑓𝑢𝑙 𝑆𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑆𝑒𝑡𝑢𝑝𝑠
𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑅 % 100
#𝑆𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐴𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑡𝑠

Formula – Statistical Counters:

Compressed counters used to

ct 3
e)
Key Performance Indicators from NR CPI

Le 02
measure each 5QI value separately

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 139

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

NgSigConnEstab and RrcConnEstab in AMOS

pmr

Nr Cell Traffic Performance KPIs

409

NgSigConnEstab = 100 * pmNgSigConnEstabSucc / pmNgSigConnEstabAtt

ct 3
e)
Le 02
RrcConnEstab = 100 * pmRrcConnEstabSucc / (pmRrcConnEstabAtt - pmRrcConnEstabAttReatt)

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 140

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

DrbEstab in AMOS
Shows counter value from last ROP

Compressed Counters:
First digit ‘n’ shows the number of 5QI values recorded.
Second digit shows the 5QI value
Third digit shows the recorded value.

4 5QI values recorded 5QI 9 had 12 successful establishments

5QI 8 had 13 successful establishments
5QI 6 had 10 successful establishments

ct 3
e)
Le 02
5QI 5 had 4 successful establishments

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 141

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Chapter 4 Exercise 2
Use the AMOS ‘pmr’ (409) and ‘pmx . pmDrbEstab.*5qi’ commands to calculate the NR Standalone Session
Setup Success Rate for 5QI 9 in NRCellCU=SZNR5G563_A at 09:45 in the ‘SA_Mid_Band_dcgm.zip’ file.

pmDrbEstabSucc5qi 25
= =1
pmDrbEstabAtt5qi 25

ct 3
e)
=>NR Standalone Session Setup Success Rate for 5QI 9 in NRCellCU=SZNR5G563_A = 100 *(0.991 * 1 * 1) 99.1 %

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 142

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Ericsson Recommended Retainability KPIs

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 143

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

NR Non-Standalone Session Abnormal Release Rate

(NR_NSA_SARR)
Formula – Controlled Environment & Drive Test:
#𝐴𝑏𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑙_𝑆𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛_𝑅𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑠
𝑁𝑅_𝑁𝑆𝐴_𝑆𝐴𝑅𝑅 % 100
#𝑆𝑢𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑓𝑢𝑙_𝑆𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛_𝑆𝑒𝑡𝑢𝑝𝑠

Formula – Statistical Counters: Flex counters used to filter

NOTE: captured in eNodeB for EN-DC stages 1 and 2

ct 3
e)
Key Performance Indicators from NR CPI

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 144

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Chapter 4 Exercise 3
Use the AMOS ‘pmx . pmFlexErabRel.*_Endc1To99’ command to calculate the Non-Stand Alone Session
Abnormal Release Rate in EUtranCellFDD=BLAG1O in the ‘ESS_Low_Band_dcgm.zip’ file.

FlexErabRelAbnormal = 1 + 0
100* FlexErabRelTotal = 2 + 510 + 1 = 0.19%

ct 3
e)
Le 02
=>Non-Stand Alone Session Abnormal Release Rate in EUtranCellFDD=BLAG1O = 0.19%

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 145

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

NR Standalone Session Abnormal Release Rate

(NR_SA_SARR)
Formula – Controlled Environment & Drive Test:
#𝐴𝑏𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑙_𝑆𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛_𝑅𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑠
𝑁𝑅_𝑆𝐴_𝑆𝐴𝑅𝑅 % 100
#𝑆𝑢𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑓𝑢𝑙_𝑆𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛_𝑆𝑒𝑡𝑢𝑝𝑠

Formula – Statistical Counters:

Compressed counters used to measure each 5QI value separately

ct 3
e)
Key Performance Indicators from NR CPI

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 146

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Chapter 4 Exercise 4
Use the AMOS ‘pmx . pmDrbRel.*5qi’ command to calculate the NR Standalone Session Abnormal
Release Rate for 5QI 9 in NRCellCU=SZNR5G563_C in the ‘SA_Mid_Band_dcgm.zip’ file.

DrbRelAbnormal = 1 + 0
100*DrbRelTotal = 45 + 2 + 0= 2.13%
Recorded value for 5QI 9 is 2
Recorded value for 5QI 9 is 1
Recorded value for 5QI 9 is 45

ct 3
e)
Le 02
=>NR Standalone Session Abnormal Release Rate for 5QI 9 in NRCellCU=SZNR5G563_B = 2.13 %

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 147

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

NR Non-Standalone Leg Abnormal Release Rate

(NR_NSA_LEG_ARR)
Formula – Controlled Environment & Drive Test:
#𝐴𝑏𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑙_𝑁𝑅_𝐿𝑒𝑔_𝑅𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑠
𝑁𝑅_𝑁𝑆𝐴_𝐿𝐸𝐺_𝐴𝑅𝑅 % 100
#𝑆𝑢𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑓𝑢𝑙_𝑁𝑅_𝐿𝑒𝑔_𝑆𝑒𝑡𝑢𝑝𝑠

Formula – Statistical Counters:

ct 3
e)
Key Performance Indicators from NR CPI

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 148

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Chapter 4 Exercise 5
Use the AMOS ‘pmx . pmEndcRel’ commands to calculate the NR Non-Standalone Leg Abnormal Release
Rate in NRCellCU=BLAG1X in the ‘NSA_Mid_Band_dcgm.zip’ file.

EndcUeRelAbnormalAct = 1 + 0
100* EndcUeRelTotal = 108 + 5 + 0 = 0.88%

ct 3
e)
Le 02
=>NR Non-Standalone Leg Abnormal Release Rate in NRCellCU=BLAG1X = 0.88 %

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 149

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Ericsson Recommended Mobility KPIs

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 150

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

NR Non-Standalone Handover Success Rate-Intra

(NR_NSA_HOSR_IntraF)
Formula – Controlled Environment & Drive Test:
# 𝑆𝑢𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑓𝑢𝑙_𝐻𝑂𝑠
𝑁𝑅_𝑁𝑆𝐴_𝐻𝑂𝑆𝑅_𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝐹 % 100
#𝐴𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑡𝑒𝑑_𝐻𝑂𝑠

Formula – Statistical Counters: NOTE: captured in eNodeB

DiffCellMobPrepSucc = pmFlexCellHoPrepSuccLteIntraF_Filter
DiffCellMobPrepAtt = pmFlexCellHoPrepAttLteIntraF_Filter Flex counters used to filter
DiffCellMobExeSucc = pmFlexCellHoExeSuccLteIntraF_Filter for EN-DC stage 2
DiffCellMobExeAtt = pmFlexCellHoExeAttLteIntraF_Filter

ct 3
e)
Key Performance Indicators from NR CPI

Le 02
Formula edited to include intra-frequency handover only

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5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Chapter 4 Exercise 6
Use the AMOS ‘pmx . pmFlexCellHo.*IntraF_Endc2To99’ command to calculate the NR Non-Standalone
Handover Success Rate-Intra in EUtranCellFDD=BLAG1O in the ‘ESS_Low_Band_dcgm.zip’ file.

DiffCellMobPrepSucc = 3 DiffCellMobExeSucc = 3
100* DiffCellMobPrepAtt = 3 * DiffCellMobExeAtt = 3 = 100%

ct 3
e)
Le 02
=>NR Non-Standalone Handover Success Rate-Intra in EUtranCellFDD=BLAG1O = 100%

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 152

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

NR Standalone Handover Success Rate-Intra

(NR_SA_HOSR_IntraF)
Formula – Controlled Environment & Drive Test:
# 𝑆𝑢𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑓𝑢𝑙_𝐻𝑂𝑠
𝑁𝑅_𝑁𝑆𝐴_𝐻𝑂𝑆𝑅_𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝐹 % 100
#𝐴𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑡𝑒𝑑_𝐻𝑂𝑠

Formula – Statistical Counters:

ct 3
e)
Key Performance Indicators from NR CPI

Le 02
Formula edited to include intra-frequency handover only

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 153

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Chapter 4 Exercise 7
Use the AMOS ‘pmx . pmHo.*OutIntraGnb’ command to calculate the NR Standalone Handover Success
Rate-Intra in NRCellCU=SZNR5G563_C in the ‘SA_Mid_Band_dcgm.zip’ file.

130 125
100* 130 * 130 = 96.15%

ct 3
e)
Le 02
=>NR Standalone Handover Success Rate-Intra in NRCellCU=SZNR5G563_C = 96.15%

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 154

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Ericsson Recommended Integrity KPIs

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 155

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Downlink Traffic Volume Counters (1) QCI 8

S1-U
eNodeB (MN) gNodeB (SN)
RpUserPlaneLink=gNodeB_eNodeB
EutranCellFDD/TDD= [0..24] pmPdcpVolTransDlQos
pmFlexPdcpVolDlDrb_Endc2To99 Unit: kilobit (1 000 bits)
Unit: kilobit (1 000 bits) X2-U PDCP
RpUserPlaneLink=internal
pmPdcpVolTransDlQos
Unit: kilobit (1 000 bits)
RLC NRCellDU= [0..48] RLC
pmMacVolDlDrbSingleBurst
pmMacVolDlDrbLastSlot
MAC pmMacVolDlDrb MAC
Unit: bytes
pmMacVolDl
Unit: bytes

UEs in EN-DC Stage 2 (ENDC is active for the UE)

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 156

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Downlink Traffic Volume Counters (2)

pmPdcpVolTransDlQos = ∑pmFlexPdcpVolDlDrb_Endc2To99 + Packet Forwarding Overhead
for all eNodeB EutranCellFDD/TDD MOs
eNodeB (MN) gNodeB (SN)
RpUserPlaneLink=gNodeB_eNodeB
EutranCellFDD/TDD= [0..24] pmPdcpVolTransDlQos
pmFlexPdcpVolDlDrb_Endc2To99 Unit: kilobit (1 000 bits)
Unit: kilobit (1 000 bits) X2-U PDCP

RLC

ct 3
e)
Le 02
Packet Forwarding Overhead is between 2 and 17 %

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 157

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Downlink Traffic Volume Counters (3)

pmPdcpVolTransDlQos + RLC Overhead = ∑(pmMacVolDlDrb + pmMacVolDlDrbLastSlot + pmMacVolDlDrbSingleBurst)
for all gNodeB NRCellDU MOs

PDCP
RpUserPlaneLink=internal
pmPdcpVolTransDlQos
Unit: kilobit (1 000 bits)
NRCellDU= [0..48] RLC + RLC Overhead
pmMacVolDlDrbSingleBurst
pmMacVolDlDrbLastSlot
pmMacVolDlDrb MAC
Unit: bytes

ct 3
e)
Le 02
RLC Overhead is between 2 and 6 %

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 158

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Downlink Traffic Volume Counters (4)

∑(pmMacVolDlDrb + pmMacVolDlDrbLastSlot + pmMacVolDlDrbSingleBurst) + MAC Overhead = ∑pmMacVolDl
for all gNodeB NRCellDU MOs for all gNodeB NRCellDU MOs

NRCellDU= [0..48] RLC

pmMacVolDlDrbSingleBurst
pmMacVolDlDrbLastSlot
pmMacVolDlDrb MAC + MAC Overhead
Unit: bytes
pmMacVolDl
Unit: bytes

ct 3
e)
Le 02
MAC Overhead is between 5 and 40 %

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 159

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Downlink MAC PDU v SDU

pmMacVolDlDrb
Aggregated volume of DL MAC SDUs transmitted for HARQ initial
transmission for each DRB. HARQ retransmission is excluded. Unit: bytes

R/LCID Fixed-sized R/F/LCID/L Variable-sized R/F/LCID/L

MAC SDU
subheader MAC CE subheader MAC CE subheader

MAC subPDU
including MAC CE 1
MAC subPDU
including MAC CE 2
MAC subPDU including
MAC SDU
... MAC subPDU including MAC subPDU including
MAC SDU padding (opt)

3GPP TS 38.321 V16.6.0 (2021-09)

pmMacVolDl
Aggregated volume of successfully transmitted DL MAC
PDUs for DRB or SRB using cell as PCell or SCell. Unit: bytes

Extra data volume measured by the pmMacVolDl counter will depend on the number of MAC
Control Elements (MAC CE) and amount of padding.

ct 3
e)
Le 02
The MAC layer also includes the Random Access Response (RAR)

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 160

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Downlink MAC Control Elements and RAR

ct 3
e)
Le 02
MAC Control Elements

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 161

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Downlink MAC DRB Traffic Volume

pmMacVolDlDrbSingleBurst : Unit: Bytes
pmMacVolDlDrbLastSlotQos pmMacVolDlDrbLastSlot : Unit: Bytes
pmMacVolDlDrbQos

pmMacVolDlDrb : Unit: Bytes

NRCellDU= [0..48]
RLC
pmMacTimeDlDrb: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Unit: 125 usec pmMacVolDlDrbSingleBurst
pmMacVolDlDrbLastSlot
pmMacTimeDlDrbQos pmMacVolDlDrb MAC
Unit: bytes

Time (ms)
New packet arrives First packet New packet arrives First packet
to empty buffer scheduled to empty buffer scheduled
DL MAC SDUs transmitted for HARQ initial transmission for each DRB HARQ retransmission
DL MAC SDUs transmitted for HARQ initial transmission in last slot of burst when buffer is emptied for each DRB

ct 3
e)
Le 02
Downlink MAC SDUs for single-burst cases that are transmitted for HARQ initial transmission for each DRB.

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 162

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Downlink MAC DRB Traffic Volume Example

Restricted by air interface (pmMacVolDlDrb) => multiple downlink grants were required to transmit all the data.
(large amount of data) Can be used to measure radio channel bandwidth

Unrestricted by air interface (pmMacVolDlDrbLastSlot or pmMacVolDlDrbSingleBurst)=> transmitted with a

single downlink grant (small amount of data)

ct 3
e)
Le 02
Cannot be used to measure radio channel bandwidth

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 163

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

NR Downlink User Throughput

(NR_DLUT)
Formula – Controlled Environment & Drive Test:
8 𝐹𝑖𝑙𝑒_𝑆𝑖𝑧𝑒_𝑘𝐵𝑦𝑡𝑒𝑠 𝑃𝐷𝑆𝐶𝐻_𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒_𝑘𝑏𝑖𝑡𝑠_𝑖
𝑁𝑅_𝐷𝐿𝑈𝑇 𝑠𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑘𝑏𝑝𝑠 𝑁𝑅_𝐷𝐿𝑈𝑇 𝑘𝑏𝑝𝑠 𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛
𝐹𝑖𝑙𝑒_𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑓𝑒𝑟_𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒_𝑆𝑒𝑐 𝑀𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡_𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒_𝑖

Formula – Statistical Counters: (Average DL MAC Cell throughput)

The ’64’ in these equations comes from converting Bytes to bits and 125 usec to

ct 3
msec i.e. there are 8 bits in a byte and 8 x 125 usec in 1 msec so 8 * 8 = 64.

e)
Key Performance Indicators from NR CPI

Le 02
Since the denominator will then be in msec the result will be in kbps

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 164

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Average DL MAC Cell throughput in AMOS

Average DL MAC Cell Throughput – Fixed Time Normalized in Mbps

Average DL MAC DRB Throughput in kbps

= 8 * pmMacVolDl / (900 * 1000000) Mbps

= 64 * pmMacVolDlDrb / (1000 * pmMacTimeDlDrb) kbps
= 64 * pmMacVolDl / (pmPdschAvailTime * 1000) Mbps
= 64 * pmMacVolDl / (pmPdschSchedActivity * 1000) Mbps
= 64 * pmMacVolDl / pmPdschSchedActivity kbps

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 165

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Chapter 4 Exercise 8
Use the AMOS ‘pmxe nrcelldu= dl_.*_thp_’ command to find the cell with the highest Average DL MAC Cell
throughput in the ‘NSA_Mid_Band_dcgm.zip’ file.

Highest

ct 3
e)
Le 02
=>The Cell with the highest Average DL MAC Cell throughput was NRCellDU=BLAG1X

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 166

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

NR Uplink User Throughput

(NR_ULUT)
Formula – Controlled Environment & Drive Test:
8 𝐹𝑖𝑙𝑒_𝑆𝑖𝑧𝑒_𝑘𝐵𝑦𝑡𝑒𝑠 𝑃𝑈𝑆𝐶𝐻_𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒_𝑘𝑏𝑖𝑡𝑠_𝑖
𝑁𝑅_𝑈𝐿𝑈𝑇 𝑆𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑘𝑏𝑝𝑠 𝑁𝑅_𝑈𝐿𝑈𝑇 𝑘𝑏𝑝𝑠 𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛
𝐹𝑖𝑙𝑒_𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑓𝑒𝑟_𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒_𝑆𝑒𝑐 𝑀𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡_𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒_𝑖

Formula – Statistical Counters: (Average DL MAC Cell throughput)

Res (Restricted by air interface) => multiple uplink grants

were required to transmit all the data. (large amount of data)
Can be used to measure radio channel bandwidth
The ’64’ in these equations comes from converting Bytes to bits and 125 usec to

ct 3
msec i.e. there are 8 bits in a byte and 8 x 125 usec in 1 msec so 8 * 8 = 64.

e)
Key Performance Indicators from NR CPI

Le 02
Since the denominator will then be in msec the result will be in kbps

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 167

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Average UL MAC Cell throughput in AMOS

-j 3 specifies 3 digits after the decimal point

= 8 * pmMacVolUl / (900 * 1000000) Mbps

= 64 * pmMacVolUl / (pmPuschAvailTime * 1000) Mbps
= 64 * pmMacVolUl / (pmPuschSchedActivity * 1000) Mbps
= 64 * pmMacVolUlResUe / (pmMacTimeUlResUe * 1000)Mbps

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 168

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Chapter 4 Exercise 9
Use the AMOS ‘pmxe nrcelldu= ul_.*_thp_ -j 3’ command to find the cell with the highest Average UL MAC
Cell throughput in the ‘NSA_Mid_Band_dcgm.zip’ file.

ct 3
e)
Le 02
=>The Cell with the highest Average UL MAC Cell throughput was NRCellDU=BLAG2X

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 169

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

DL MAC Latency Counters (DRX and noDRX)

New data arrived in gNodeB
pmMacLatTimeDlDrxSyncQos First packet transmitted
UE monitoring PDCCH

New data arrived in gNodeB

‘Sync’ means that the
pmMacLatTimeDlNoDrxSyncQos First packet transmitted UE is in RRC Active
UE monitoring PDCCH state i.e. does not
have to be paged.

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 170

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

NR Downlink Latency
(NR_LAT_DL)
Formula – Controlled Environment & Drive Test:
This metric is evaluated by pm Counters only

Formula – Statistical Counters:

pmMacLatTimeDlNoDrxSyncQos and pmMacLatTimeDlDrxSyncQos
are given in units of 125 usec
The ‘8’ is used to convert the 125 units usec to msec
(1000/125 = 8)

Compressed counters used to measure each 5QI value separately

ct 3
e)
Key Performance Indicators from NR CPI

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 171

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Chapter 4 Exercise 10
Use the AMOS ‘pmx . pmMacLat’ command to find the NR Downlink Latency for 5QI 7 in
NRCellDU=BLAG1X in the ‘NSA_Mid_Band_dcgm.zip’ file.

337688 + 15720
= 8 = 2.51 msec
17496 + 69

ct 3
e)
Le 02
=>NR Downlink Latency for 5QI 7 in NRCellDU=BLAG1X = 2.51 msec

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 172

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

NR Uplink Latency Round Trip Time

(NR_LAT_UP_RTT)
Formula – Controlled Environment & Drive Test:
𝑁𝑅_𝐿𝐴𝑇_𝑈𝑃_𝑅𝑇𝑇 𝑚𝑠 𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛 𝑅𝑇𝑇
RTT results shall be analyzed to determine either the:
• median RTT value, or
• arithmetic average with the smallest 5% and largest 5% of values discarded.

Formula – Statistical Counters:

This KPI is not possible to be evaluated using pm Counters.

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 173

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Chapter 4 Exercise 11
Switch off WiFi on your phone and use the Ping Test site from the URL below to measure the Uplink
Latency Round Trip Time for the cell that you are connected to, as shown in the example below.

http://ping-test.net/

© Ericsson AB 2023 | LZU1084316 R2A 174

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Downlink Packet Integrity

ManagedElement
GNBCUUPFunction
CUUP5qiTable
CUUP5qi
aqmMode = 0, 1 or 2
0: OFF (Turned off) Counter Diagrams from NR CPI
1: MODE1 (Non-GBR)
AQM mode 0
2: MODE2 (GBR)
No AQM is used. Packets are discarded if the maximum number of packets is reached
estimatedE2ERTT = 50 { 0..1023 }
for each radio bearer in a gNodeB. Packets are also discarded if they become older
Estimated end-to-end Round-Trip Time (RTT).
than 1 second.
Following values are recommended:
* 0 if profile5qi is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 65, 66, 67, 69, 82,
AQM mode 1
83, 84 or 85.
B
Recommended for non-GBR DRBs.
* 50 if profile5qi is 6, 7, 8, 9, 70, 79 or 80.
Minimum age = 2 × ‘estimatedE2ERTT’
Unit: 1 ms
Maximum age = 10 × ‘estimatedE2ERTT’
packetDelayBudget = 280 { 0..1023 }
gNodeB A single packet is discarded when it becomes older than the minimum age threshold.
The gNodeB contribution to PDB on 5QI.
A prohibit time of 4 × ‘estimatedE2ERTT’ is present between discarding single packets.
Unit: 1 ms
All packets that are older than the maximum age threshold are discarded.
packetDelayBudgetOffset = 0 { 0..1023 }
Offset added to PDB.
AQM mode 2
Unit: 1 ms

ct 3
Recommended for GBR bearers.

e)
Le 02
Packets older than the sum of ‘packetDelayBudget’ and ‘packetDelayBudgetOffset’

ur
are discarded.

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

NR Packet Loss Rate-Downlink

(NR_PLR_DL)
Formula – Controlled Environment & Drive Test:

NR_PLR_DL is not recommended for Cluster or Network drive tests.

Formula – Statistical Counters:

Compressed counters used to measure each 5QI value separately

NOTE : the ‘pmPdcpPktTrans’ counters belong to the ‘RpUserPlaneLink’ and not NRCellCU or NRCellDU
‘RpUserPlaneLink’ naming convention is:
RpUserPlaneLink=Source IP Address_Destination IP Address
or

ct 3
e)
Key Performance Indicators from NR CPI

Le 02
RpUserPlaneLink=internal (internal link to NR Cells)

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Chapter 4 Exercise 12
Use the AMOS ‘pmx .*internal pmPdcpPktTransDl.*Qos command to find the NR Packet Loss Rate-
Downlink for 5QI 8 in the internal ‘RpUserPlaneLink’ Managed Object in the ‘SA_Mid_Band_dcgm.zip’ file.

All DL packet discards

are due to AQM
= 6-6 =0
169538

ct 3
e)
Le 02
=>NR Packet Loss Rate-Downlink for 5QI 8 in the internal ‘RpUserPlaneLink’ Managed Object = 0

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Uplink Packet Integrity

ManagedElement
GNBCUUPFunction
CUUP5qiTable
CUUP5qi
tReorderingUl = 20 { 0, 1, 2, 4, 5, 8, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60,
80, 100, 120, 140, 160, 180, 200, 220, 240, 260, 280, 300, 500,
750, 1000, 1250, 1500, 1750, 2000, 2250, 2500, 2750, 3000 }
T-reordering UL timer used by the receiving-end PDCP entity in
the gNodeB.
Recommended value is 20 if profile5qi is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9,
65, 66, 67, 69, 70, 79, 80, 82, 83, 84 or 85.
Unit: 1 ms
CUUP5qi
tOooUlDelivery = 150 { 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 75, 100, 150,
200, 250, 300, 500, 750, 1500 }
Extension period when reception of out-of-order packets is
allowed.

B Extension period is added after tReorderingUl in PDCP expires.

When timer expires, PDCP reception window is moved forward
and remaining arriving packets are discarded. Therefore,
gNodeB packets that arrive within tReorderingUl + tOooUlDelivery can
be delivered to upper layers.
Different values are set based on purpose of optimization and
bearer type.
If empty, system handles timer value as 1500 ms.
Unit: 1 ms

ct 3
Counter Diagrams from NR CPI

e)
Takes effect: New connection

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

NR Packet Loss Rate-Uplink

(NR_PLR_UL)
Formula – Controlled Environment & Drive Test:

NR_PLR_UL is not recommended for Cluster or Network drive tests.

Formula – Statistical Counters:

Compressed counters used to measure each 5QI value separately

ct 3
e)
Key Performance Indicators from NR CPI

Le 02
RpUserPlaneLink=internal (internal link to NR Cells)

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Chapter 4 Exercise 13
Use the AMOS ‘pmx .*internal pmPdcpPkt.*Ul.*Qos’ command to find the NR Packet Loss Rate-
Uplink for 5QI 8 in the internal ‘RpUserPlaneLink’ Managed Object in the ‘SA_Mid_Band_dcgm.zip’
file.

PDCPPKTLOSS = 20 - 4 = 16
PDCPPKTEXPECT = 87924 +20 – (9 + 4) = 87301
PDCPPKTLOSS
= 16/87301 = 0.00018
PDCPPKTEXPECT

ct 3
e)
Le 02
=>NR Packet Loss Rate-Uplink for 5QI 8 in the internal ‘RpUserPlaneLink’ Managed Object = 0.00018

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Summary of Chapter 4
The participants should now be able to:
4 Explain NR Mid-Band RF UE Tuning
4.1 Explain Accessibility KPIs and analysis of related data for NR RAN
4.2 Explain Retainability KPIs and analysis of related data for NR RAN
4.3 Explain Mobility KPIs and analysis of related data for NR RAN
4.4 Explain Integrity KPIs and analysis of related data for NR RAN

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

NR High-Band RF Initial
Tuning concept

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Objectives of Chapter 5
After completion of this chapter the participants will be able to:
5 Describe NR High-Band RF Initial Tuning concept
5.1 Explain High-Band Radio Network Characteristics
5.2 Describe NR High-Band Massive MIMO and analogue beamforming
5.3 Describe High-Band NR CELL coverage
5.4 List-Out possible Field Test Cases for NR High-Band Network performance tuning

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Physical Layer High Band

Base Package FAJ 121 4903

Provides support for NR physical layer in bands above 24 GHz

— 120 kHz subcarrier spacing is used for the data channels and for beam sweeping SS/PBCH
— 50 and 100 MHz carrier bandwidths
— 2x2 MIMO in DL and UL
— CP-OFDM is supported in both DL and UL
— 3:1 and 4:1 TDD pattern
— 64 QAM in DL and in UL
— Short PUCCH is used to reduce overhead

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

High-Band Propagation

Propagation Loss Building Penetration Loss

ct 3
e)
Foliage Loss Rain Absorption Loss

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Propagation Loss
General Transmission Loss Formula: Lp = A + Blogd + ClogF + Dd + a(hm) [dB]
Where d is here given in [m] and F is given in [GHz]
RMa: Rural macro-cellular environment with
continuous wide area coverage supporting high
speed vehicles
UMa: Urban macro-cellular environment with
base stations above rooftop level
UMi – Street canyon: Urban micro-cellular
environment with base stations below rooftop
level
Indoor – Office: Typical office environment
comprised of open and closed areas

Example Propagation Loss for Uma NLOS for a distance of 500 m

(assuming of mobile height (hm) = 1.5 m)
3.5 GHz = 13.54 + 39.08log500 + 20log3.5 + 0*500 -0.6(1.5-1.5) = 129.9 dB

ct 3
e)
Le 02
28 GHz = 13.54 + 39.08log500 + 20log28 + 0*500 -0.6(1.5-1.5) = 147.9 dB 18 dB greater loss in High-Band

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Building Penetration Loss

𝐿 𝐿 𝐿 Where:
Ltw is the material penetration loss when the signal goes through a building wall
Lin is the loss inside the building depending on the depth into the building.
,
𝐿 𝐿 10𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑝 · 10
where
Lnpi is an additional loss added to the external wall loss to account for non-perpendicular incidence [dB].
N is the number of building materials in the wall.
pi is the proportion in percent of a certain building material in the wall.
Lmaterial,i is penetration loss for the wall material according to the table below:
3GPP examples:
Low loss model: modelling a wall consisting of 30%
glass and 70% concrete. The model is applicable for
RMa propagation model.

High loss model:modelling a wall consisting of 70%

IRR glass and 30% concrete. The model is

ct 3
e)
Le 02
applicable for UMa and UMi – Street Canyon.

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Building Penetration Loss Example Calculations

Example 1: What is the building penetration loss at 3.5 GHz (assuming Lnpi = 5 dB and Lin = 0 dB)?
Low loss model:
. · . · . Applicable for RMa
𝐿 5 10𝑙𝑜𝑔 0.3 · 10 0.7 · 10 = 13 dB propagation model.

High loss model:

. · . · .
𝐿 5 10𝑙𝑜𝑔 0.7 · 10 0.3 · 10 = 27 dB Applicable for UMa and
UMi – Street Canyon propagation models.

Example 2: What is the building penetration loss at 28 GHz (assuming Lnpi = 5 dB and Lin = 0 dB)?
Low loss model: 11 dB greater loss in High-Band
. · ·
𝐿 5 10𝑙𝑜𝑔 0.3 · 10 0.7 · 10 = 18 dB Applicable for RMa
propagation model.

High loss model:

ct 3
. · ·
= 38 dB Applicable for UMa and

e)
𝐿 5 10𝑙𝑜𝑔 0.7 · 10 0.3 · 10

Le 02
UMi – Street Canyon propagation models.

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Foliage Loss
Lfo = min (0.2f0.3 R0.6, Amax) dB Where:
f is the frequency in [MHz],
R is foliage depth in [m]
Amax is the maximum loss in [dB], currently set to 40 dB.
The model is valid for 0 < R < 400 m and 200 MHz < f < 95 GHz.

R
Example of loss for 40 m foliage depth:
3.5 GHz = min (0.2f0.3 R0.6, 40) = min (0.2*35000.3*400.6, 40) = 21.16 dB

ct 3
e)
Le 02
28 GHz = min (0.2f0.3 R0.6, 40) = min (0.2*280000.3*400.6, 40) = 39.48 dB 18 dB greater loss in High-Band

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Rain Absorption Loss

8
7
Rain attenuation [dB/km]

6
5
4
3
2 ≈1.5 dB greater loss in High-Band

1 3.5 GHz 10 28 GHz 100 1000

ct 3
e)
Le 02
Frequency [GHz]

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Positive sides of high freq propagation

In many environments, lots of multipath has been observed!
— More reflecting objects Small cells due to:
— Also NLoS communications possible
- Capacity need
- Power regulations
Higher bandwidths available - CP overhead
Higher antenna gain with moderate size - Path loss
— A high gain antenna on the base station side may compensate for the path loss (but reduce
delay spread and increase angular spread loss)
— A high gain antenna also at the terminal side adds additional gain…

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Higher frequencies
—New problem: Higher path loss?
—Solution: Use beamforming 300 MHz 3 GHz 30 GHz 300 GHz

2.1GHz UE2
2.1GHz

Celledge1&2---
Celledge2---

Celledge1---

6,5GHz UE2
UE1 6,5GHz UE1&2 UE1
RBS RBS RBS
< 20% of area

100% of area
Same bit-rate Same bit-rate

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Advanced Antenna Systems (AAS) Narrow Beam

A dual-polarized antenna element

Consisting of two antenna elements
Wide Beam
A Subarray of dual-polarized antenna elements
A subarray always has two radio chains 2T2R

An antenna
Common Beam
array of
subarrays
In this case 32
subarrays
each with
2T2R making
a total of
64T64R

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Analog Beamforming (ABF) compared to DBF

One beam at a time Multiple beams at a time
FDM of different directions not possible FDM of different directions possible
Less complex implementation More complex implementation
Typically used at mm-wave Currently mainly at low/mid bands

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Analog BF For High Band

# Layers
UE1 Beam 1
Frequency (eg 100MHz)

UE2 Beam 2

— One Beam (layer) at a time per UE

— Or two, when two polarizations used
— Users are multiplexed in time per carrier
— E.g. Schedule one user at a time in a given carrier
— Users can only be multiplexed in frequency if they share
the same beam as each other – since there is only one
beam at a time per carrier.
— Users are not multiplexed in layers
— Unless parallel analog beamformers used
— This means no MU-MIMO, unless parallel beamformers TTI, 0.5 ms time
are used to create more beams.

ct 3
e)
Le 02
Users multiplexed in Time. Rely on large BW for capacity

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Small Antenna Size

Examples of array sizes 128 Tx/Rx
128
4.5 GHz, λTX/RX
= 0.067 m

28 GHz, 60 GHz,
λ = 0.01 m
128 TX/RX
λ = 0.005 m

0.1 m
0.2 m
1.3 m

1.3 m
1.3 m 0.32 m
0.025 m

0.05 m

ct 3
e)
Le 02
0.32 m

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Ericsson mmW Product Evolution Band n260

Indoor AIR 1279
Bands n257, n260, n261  Wall/Pole/celing
Streetmacro 6705  AIR+BBU
 V-RAN
 Pole/Wall  Ethernet
Bands n257, n260, n261
 AIR+BBU
Early High-Band Network Streetmacro 6701  V-RAN
New in 2022
deployments  Ethernet
 Pole/Wall
AIR 5121: Band n261 only Bands n257, n258, n260  AIR+BBU
AIR 5331: Band n260 only AIR 5322/1281  V-RAN
AIR 5121/5331  Pole/Wall/Strand  Ethernet
 Flexible
 Introduction of New deployment
 C-RAN
PAAM1 Techniques  D-RAN
 Flexible deployment
 C-RAN
 D-RAN

1 PAAM: Phased Array Antenna Module

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Phased Array Antenna Module (PAAM)

Front Back

ct 3
24 X 16 = 384 Dual polarized antenna arrays => 2 X 384 = 768 Antenna Elements (AEs)

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

PAAM Total EIRP

AIR 5322 or Streetmacro 6705 (all 4 sections populated)
Each PAAM section supports a maximum Operation Bandwidth of 400 MHz with EIRP 56 dBm (400 W)
Total EIRP = 4*(400/BW)*400 W

Section 1 Example 1: 400 MHz BW Total EIRP = 4(400/400)400 = 1600 W = 62 dBm

This power is then divided between the number of CC (NRSectorCarrier MOs)
Section 2
With 4 NRsectorCarrier MOs (bSChannelBwDL/Ul = 100) configuredMaxTxPower = 1600/4 = 400 W = 56 dBm
Section 3
Section 4 Example 2: 800 MHz BW Total EIRP = 4*(400/800)*400 = 800 W = 59 dBm
This power is then divided between the number of CC (NRSectorCarrier MOs)
With 8 NRsectorCarrier MOs (bSChannelBwDL/Ul = 100) configuredMaxTxPower = 800/8 = 100 W = 50 dBm

AIR 1281 or Streetmacro 6701 (only 2 sections populated and half power)
Each PAAM section supports a maximum Operation Bandwidth of 400 MHz with EIRP = 53 dBm (200 W)
Total EIRP = 2*(400/BW)*200 W
Example 1: 400 MHz BW Total EIRP = 2*(400/400)*200 = 400 W = 56 dBm
This power is then divided between the number of CC (NRSectorCarrier MOs)
Section 1
With 4 NRsectorCarrier MOs (bSChannelBwDL/Ul = 100) configuredMaxTxPower = 400/4 = 100 W = 50 dBm
Section 2
Example 2: 800 MHz BW Total EIRP = 2*(400/800)*200 = 200 W = 53 dBm
This power is then divided between the number of CC (NRSectorCarrier MOs)

ct 3
e)
With 8 NRsectorCarrier MOs (bSChannelBwDL/Ul = 100) configuredMaxTxPower = 200/8 = 25 W = 44 dBm

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

AIR 5322
General
RF band support Band 257, 258B, 261, 260, 258
OOB Spurious Emission FCC and 3GPP compliant
Total EIRP 62*/59 dBm
TCBW 800/400 MHz
IBW Full band
*5322 B260 is capable up to 60dBm

Interface
Fronthaul IF C1 CPRI, 10 and 25Gbps
Power Supply 100-250VAC, -48VDC
Typ. Power Consumption < 220 W (50% ETSI Busy hour)

Mechanical
Installation type Rooftop/Pole/Wall
Volume 7.5 liters
Weight 7.5kg
Operating temperature -40°C to +55°C
Cooling Active
IP Class IP65

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

AIR 5322 Deployment Configurations

street canyon
2 sector

45o
Cross-road
3 sector

Cross-road
45° 2 sectors

Single sector Dual sector — Triple sector

— Hot spot coverage for users — Coverage along street — Full 360° coverage
in one specific direction — Lean coverage at cross-road — Cross roads
— Maximum coverage and less

ct 3
e)
planning

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

AIR 5322 Antenna Configuration

‘Configuration Mode’ is not a MOM parameter
It is more a classification for the modes PAAM may be configured.
Fixed grid of beams 800 MHz BW configured with 8 CCs will produce configuration mode 0
— Traffic beams (or 1 depending on the output power setting)
400 MHz BW configured with 4 CCs will produce configuration mode 2
— Wide beams (used for Broadcast/SSB and PRACH)

1 Antenna Module (PAAM)

Config Mode 0:
— 8x24 subarrays where each subarray — 1/4th array, 2x24 subarrays
contains 2x1 dual-polarized antenna elements — Can generate 8 beams, one for each polarization
— Total Carrier Bandwidth: 800MHz (Max occupied bandwidth),
— Total 768 antenna elements 200MHz/beam/polarization

Config Mode 1:
— Half array, 4x24 subarrays
— Can generate 4 beams, one for each polarization and array half
— Total Carrier Bandwidth: 800MHz (Max occupied bandwidth), 400MHz/beam/polarization

Config Mode 2:
Max bandwidth/beam:

ct 3
— Full array, 8x24 subarrays

e)
Le 02
— 400MHz — Can generate 2 beams, one for each polarization

ur
— Total Carrier Bandwidth: 400MHz (Max occupied bandwidth), 400MHz/beam/polarization

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

AIR 5322 Config Mode 0 (to 4 UEs)

Total Bandwidth = 800 MHz
Total EIRP = 400 W = 56 dBm
Number of Beams = 8
H Beam EIRP = 50 W (47 dBm)
V
H
V Number of ‘NRsectorCarrier’ MOs = 8
H
V
H
‘bSChannelBwDL’ =100 (100 MHz)
V
‘bSChannelBwUL’ =100 (100 MHz)
‘configuredMaxTxPower’ = 50000 (50 W or 47 dBm)

Beam 1 H Beam 3 H
Beam 2 V Beam 4 V
Freq

ct 3
400MHz 400MHz

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

AIR 5322 Config Mode 1

Total Bandwidth = 800 MHz
Total EIRP = 800 W = 59 dBm
Number of Beams = 4
Beam EIRP = 200 W (53 dBm)
H
V Number of ‘NRsectorCarrier’ MOs = 8
H
V
‘bSChannelBwDL’ =100 (100 MHz)
‘bSChannelBwUL’ =100 (100 MHz)
‘configuredMaxTxPower’ = 100000 (100 W or 50 dBm)

Beam 1 H Beam 3 H
Beam 2 V Beam 4 V
Freq

ct 3
400MHz 400MHz

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

AIR 5322 Config Mode 1 (to 2 UEs)

Total Bandwidth = 800 MHz
Total EIRP = 800 W = 59 dBm
Number of Beams = 4
Beam EIRP = 200 W (53 dBm)
H
V Number of ‘NRsectorCarrier’ MOs = 8
H
V ‘bSChannelBwDL’ =100 (100 MHz)
‘bSChannelBwUL’ =100 (100 MHz)
‘configuredMaxTxPower’ = 100000 (100 W or 50 dBm)

Beam 1 H Beam 3 H
Beam 2 V Beam 4 V
Freq

ct 3
400MHz 400MHz

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

AIR 5322 Config Mode 2

Total Bandwidth = 400 MHz
Total EIRP = 1600 W = 62 dBm
Number of Beams = 2
Beam EIRP = 800 W (59 dBm)

H Number of ‘NRsectorCarrier’ MOs = 4

V
‘bSChannelBwDL’ =100 (100 MHz)
‘bSChannelBwUL’ =100 (100 MHz)
‘configuredMaxTxPower’ = 400000 (400 W or 56 dBm)

Beam 1 H
Beam 2 V
Freq

ct 3
400MHz

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

AIR 1281
General
RF band support Band 257, 258B, 261, 260, 258
OOB Spurious Emission FCC and 3GPP compliant
Max total EIRP 53/56 dBm
TCBW 800/400 MHz
IBW Full band

Interface
Fronthaul IF C1 CPRI, 10 and 25Gbps
Power Supply 100-250VAC, -48VDC*
Typ. Power Consumption < 125 W (50% ETSI Busy hour)

Mechanical
Installation type Pole/Wall/Strand mounted
Volume 7 liters
Weight 7.5 kg
Operating temperature -40°C to +55°C
IP Class IP65

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

AIR 1281 Deployment Configurations

street canyon
2 sector

45o
Cross-road
3 sector

Cross-road
45° 2 sectors

Single sector Dual sector — Triple sector

— Hot spot coverage for users — Coverage along street — Full 360° coverage
in one specific direction — Lean coverage at cross-road — Cross roads
— Maximum coverage and less

ct 3
e)
planning

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

AIR 1281 Antenna Configuration

— Wide beams (used for Broadcast/SSB and PRACH)

1 Antenna Module (PAAM)

— 4x24 subarrays where each subarray
contains 2x1 dual-polarized antenna elements Config Mode 1:
— Half array, 2x24 subarrays
— Total 384 antenna elements
— Can generate 4 beams, one for each polarization and array half
— Total Carrier Bandwidth: 800MHz (Max occupied bandwidth),
400MHz/beam/polarization
Not fully
populated with
Radio Frequency
Integrated
Circuits (RFICs)
Config Mode 2:
Max bandwidth/beam: — Full array, 4x24 subarrays

ct 3
— Can generate 2 beams, one for each polarization

e)
— 400MHz

Le 02
— Total Carrier Bandwidth: 400MHz (Max occupied bandwidth),
400MHz/beam/polarization

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

AIR 1281 Config Mode 1

Total Bandwidth = 800 MHz
Total EIRP = 200 W (53 dBm)
Number of Beams = 4
Beam EIRP = 50 W (47 dBm)
H
V Number of ‘NRsectorCarrier’ MOs = 8
H
V
‘bSChannelBwDL’ =100 (100 MHz)
‘bSChannelBwUL’ =100 (100 MHz)
‘configuredMaxTxPower’ = 25000 (25 W or 44 dBm)

Beam 1 H Beam 3 H
Beam 2 V Beam 4 V
Freq

ct 3
400MHz 400MHz

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

AIR 1281 Config Mode 1 (to 2 UEs)

Beam 1 H Beam 3 H
Beam 2 V Beam 4 V
Freq

ct 3
400MHz 400MHz

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

AIR 1281 Config Mode 2

Total Bandwidth = 400 MHz
Total EIRP = 400 W (56 dBm)
Number of Beams = 2
Beam EIRP = 200 W (53 dBm)
H Number of ‘NRsectorCarrier’ MOs = 4
V
‘bSChannelBwDL’ =100 (100 MHz)
‘bSChannelBwUL’ =100 (100 MHz)
‘configuredMaxTxPower’ = 100000 (100 W or 50 dBm)

Beam 1 H
Beam 2 V
Freq

ct 3
400MHz

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Streetmacro 6701
Spectrum 28 GHz (B257/n261), 39 GHz (n260)
IBW Full band
Operational BW 800 MHz, continuous/non-continuous carriers
EIRP ~55dBm, 53 dBm @ 800 MHz, 56 dBm @ 400 MHz
EIS ~-113 dBm
Layers: 2 @ 800 MHz, 4 @ 400
Modulation 64/64 (256) QAM UL/DL
Service Angular Range: ± 60º , ±15º
Total Antenna BW 1600 MHz
Throughput ~5 Gbps DL/ ~1 Gbps UL
Synchronization 1588v2, GNSS
Power Consumption <300 W typical, <400 W Max
Weight ~ 14 kg
Dimensions 511x125x200 mm (13 L)
Operational conditions -40 to +55 degrees
Cooling Active
Power AC, 100-250 V

ct 3
e)
IP Class IP 65

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Streetmacro 6701 Deployment Configurations

Single sector Dual sector Triple sector

— Hot spot coverage for users — Coverage along street — Full 360° coverage
in one specific direction — Lean coverage at cross-road — Cross-roads
— Maximum coverage and less
planning

Street canyon
2 sector

45o
Cross-road
3 sector

ct 3
e)
Le 02
Cross-road
45° 2 sectors

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Streetmacro 6701 Antenna information

‘Configuration Mode’ is not a MOM parameter
It is more a classification for the modes PAAM may be configured.
800 MHz BW configured with 8 CCs will produce configuration mode 1
Fixed grid of beams 400 MHz BW configured with 4 CCs will produce configuration mode 2

— Traffic beams
— Wide beams (used for Broadcast/SSB and PRACH)
1 Antenna Module (PAAM)
— 4x24 subarrays where each subarray Config Mode 2:
contains 2x1 dual-polarized antenna elements ● Half array, 2x24 subarrays
● Can generate 4 beams, one for each polarization and array half
— Total 384 antenna elements ● Max occupied bandwidth: 400MHz (max total carrier bandwidth: 800MHz, i.e. both pol on
same 400MHz)

Not fully
populated with
Radio Frequency
Integrated
Circuits (RFICs)
Config Mode 1:
Max bandwidth/beam: ● Full array, 4x24 subarrays

ct 3
e)
● Can generate 2 beams, one for each polarization

Le 02
— 400MHz ● Max occupied bandwidth: 800MHz (max total carrier bandwidth: 1600MHz,

ur
i.e. both pol on same 800MHz)

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Streetmacro 6701 Config Mode 1

Beam 1 H Beam 3 H
Beam 2 V Beam 4 V
Freq

ct 3
400MHz 400MHz

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Streetmacro 6701 Config Mode 1 (to 2 UEs)

Beam 1 H Beam 3 H
Beam 2 V Beam 4 V
Freq

ct 3
400MHz 400MHz

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Streetmacro 6701 Config Mode 2

Beam 1 H
Beam 2 V
Freq

ct 3
400MHz

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Streetmacro 6705
Spectrum 28GHz (n261/257) 39 GHz (n260)
IBW Full band
Total Carrier BW 800 MHz, continuous/non-continuous carriers
EIRP 59 dBm (CM1, 800MHz config), 62dBm (CM2, 400MHz)
EIS -116 (28 GHz)/-113 (39GHz) dBm (CM1, 800MHz config)
Layers: 2 @ 800 MHz, 4 @ 400MHz
Modulation 64/64 (256) QAM UL/DL
Service Angular Range: ± 60º , ±15º
Total Antenna BW 1600 MHz
Throughput ~ 5 Gbps DL/ 1 Gbps UL
Synchronization 1588v2, GNSS
Power Consumption <350 W typical, <500 W Max
Weight ~ 13 kg
Dimensions 366x150x200 mm wo protrusions
409x154x204 mm w protrusions (eg GNSS)
Operational conditions -40 to +55 degrees
Cooling Active
Power AC, 100-250 V

ct 3
IP Class IP 65

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Streetmacro 6705 Deployment Options

Single sector Dual and triple sector

— Hot spot coverage for users — Coverage along street
in one specific direction — Lean coverage at cross-road
— Full 360° coverage
— Cross-roads
— Maximum coverage and less
planning

45o

Cross-road

ct 3
Street canyon Cross-road

e)
2 sector 45° 2 sectors 3 sector

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Streetmacro 6705 Antenna information

‘Configuration Mode’ is not a MOM parameter
It is more a classification for the modes PAAM may be configured.
Fixed grid of beams 800 MHz BW configured with 8 CCs will produce configuration mode 1
400 MHz BW configured with 4 CCs will produce configuration mode 2
— Traffic beams
— Wide beams (used for Broadcast/SSB and PRACH)
1 Antenna Module (PAAM)
— 8x24 subarrays where each subarray
contains 2x1 dual-polarized antenna elements Config Mode 1:
● Two half arrays, 4x24 subarrays
— Total 768 antenna elements ● Can generate 4 beams, one for each polarization and array half
● Max occupied bandwidth: 800MHz (max total carrier bandwidth: 1600MHz, i.e.
both pol on same 800MHz)

Config Mode 2:
Max bandwidth/beam: ● One full array, 8x24 subarrays
● Can generate 2 beams, one for each polarization

ct 3
— 400MHz

e)
● Max occupied bandwidth: 400MHz (max total carrier bandwidth: 800MHz,

Le 02
i.e. both pol on same 400MHz)

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Streetmacro 6705 Config Mode 1

Beam 1 H Beam 3 H
Beam 2 V Beam 4 V
Freq

ct 3
400MHz 400MHz

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Streetmacro 6705 Config Mode 1 (to 2 UEs)

Beam 1 H Beam 3 H
Beam 2 V Beam 4 V
Freq

ct 3
400MHz 400MHz

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Streetmacro 6705 Config Mode 2

Total Bandwidth = 400 MHz
Total EIRP = 1600 W = 62 dBm
Number of Beams = 2
Beam EIRP = 800 W (59 dBm)
H Number of ‘NRsectorCarrier’ MOs = 4
V
‘bSChannelBwDL’ =100 (100 MHz)
‘bSChannelBwUL’ =100 (100 MHz)
‘configuredMaxTxPower’ = 400000 (400 W or 56 dBm)

Beam 1 H
Beam 2 V
Freq

ct 3
400MHz

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Chapter 5 Exercise 1
Use the follow AMOS commands on the on the ‘NSA_High_Band_dcgm.zip’ file to complete the table
below:
‘get . hwcapability’
‘get . bschannelbw’

?
‘get FeatureState=CXC4012315’
‘get . configuredMaxTxPower’

NOTE: Configuration mode is not a MOM

parameter, but more a classification of how the
PAAM is configured in terms of BW and power.

For the Streetmacro 6701 we only have two

choices depending just on power:
Mode 1: BW = 800 MHz (MAX 59 dBm)

ct 3
Mode 2: BW = 400 MHz (MAX 62 dBm)

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Beam Mapping Tables

Beam Index Beam Usage Wide Beam Indexes (used for Synchronization Signal Blocks (SSBs)
1 - 12 Set of 12 wide beams

Elevation 30°
WB10 WB11 WB12
13-36 Set of 24 wide beams – future, currently not used
WB7 WB8 WB9
37-172 Set of 136 narrow beams
WB4 WB5 WB6
Wide Narrow beam indexes
Beam WB1 WB2 WB3
Index
1 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48*
Azimuth 120°
2 48*, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59*
3 59*, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70
4 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82*
Narrow Beam Indexes (used for traffic)

Elevation 30°
5 82*, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93* 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172

6 93*, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104
105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138
7 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116*
8 116*, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127* 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104

9 127*, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70
10 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150*
11 150*, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161*
Azimuth 120°

ct 3
12 161*, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172

e)
Le 02
*The same narrow beams belong to two wide beams. Always 12 narrow beams in a wide beam.

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Beam Management
Beam correspondence (P1, P2, and P3): a TRP or a UE can determine a suitable Tx beam based on a
suitable Rx beam, and vice versa.
There are procedure:
— P1: Beam Establishment – SSB beam sweep + access through PRACH, all sync wide beams are probed in a
certain interval (SSB periodicity)
— P2: gNB beam refinement and tracking – Aperiodic CSI-RS beam sweep with CSI (beam) report to find the best
beam. Also, SSB beam measurement report to find best SSB beam. Trigger switch from wide to narrow beam or
switch of narrow beam.
— P3: UE beam refinement & tracking – SSB and/or TRS and/or aperiodic CSI-RS in currently used beam, which
the UE can use to evaluate new UE beams.
Beam Management
— P1 with 12 SSB sweeps
— P3 based on SSB DMRS with or without TRS
— UL BM based on beam correspondence

ct 3
e)
— Course analog beamforming used to receive PRACH, PUCCH, PUSCH, DMRSs and PTRS

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Wide Beam Counters

ManagedElement Distribution of measured Timing Advance (TA) values from all detected random access
attempts. TA values are expressed as percentage of maximum possible TA value in cell.
Distribution of RSRP values for each wide beam. GNBDUFunction
NRSectorCarrier=x Unit: N/A
Unit: N/A
CommonBeamforming Ranges:
Ranges:
Beam=n Bin[0]: [0..9] %
Bin[0]: [..-140] dBm
pmRadioRaAttTaDistr Bin[1]: [10..19] %
Bin[1]: [-139..-138] dBm
Bin[2]: [20..29] %
Bin[2]: [-137..-136] dBm pmRadioRaCbFailMsg1Ooc
Number of CBRA preambles .
.
discarded because timing offset .
.
corresponds to a greater distance Bin[9]: [90..99] %
Bin[46]: [-49..-48] dBm than configured cell range. Bin[10]: [100..109] %
Bin[47]: [-47..-46] dBm Unit: N/A Bin[11]: [110..] %
Bin[48]: [-45..] dBm
pmRadioSsbRsrpDistr
pmRadioSsbSinrPucchF0Distr Distribution of SINR values calculated for PUCCH transmission for each wide beam for
format 0.
pmRadioSsbSinrPucchF2Distr
Distribution of SINR values calculated for PUCCH Unit: N/A
transmission for each wide beam for format 2. pmRadioSsbSinrPuschDistr Ranges:
Distribution of SINR values
Unit: N/A Bin[0]: [..-15] dB
calculated for PUSCH transmission
Ranges: for each wide beam. Bin[1]: ]-15..-12] dB
Bin[0]: [..-15] dB Unit: N/A Bin[2]: ]-12..-9] dB
Bin[1]: ]-15..-12] dB Ranges: .
Bin[2]: ]-12..-9] dB Bin[0]: [..-5] dB .
. Bin[1]: ]-5..-2] dB Bin[7]: ]3..6] dB
.
Bin[7]: ]3..6] dB
B Bin[2]: ]-2..1] dB
.
.
Bin[8]: ]6..9] dB
Bin[9]: ]9..] dB
Bin[8]: ]6..9] dB

ct 3
Bin[9]: ]19..22] dB
gNodeB

e)
Bin[9]: ]9..] dB Bin[10]: ]22..25] dB

Le 02
Bin[11]: ]25..] dB

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Chapter 5 Exercise 2
Use the AMOS ‘pmx beam Ooc -m 1’ command to see if there were any CBRA preambles discarded for UEs
outside the maximum cell range in the last hour for any cell in the ‘NSA_High_Band_dcgm.zip’ file.

ct 3
e)
Yes there were some CBRA preambles discarded for UEs outside the maximum cell range in the last hour

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

RACH Preamble Formats

Used in Ericsson for Low and Mid-Band
Used in Ericsson for Low-Band

NR Bands
Low-Band< 1 GHz
Used in Ericsson for High-Band
1 GHz < Mid-Band< 6 GHz
6 GHz < High-Band

Used in Ericsson for High-Band

Used in Ericsson for Low and Mid-Band

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

RACH Preamble Format A3 (High-Band)

CP SEQ SEQ SEQ SEQ SEQ SEQ

TCP = 864k2-μ msec UE at Antenna

TSEQ = 2048k2-μ msec k = 64 X 0.509 X 10-6 msec according to TS38.211
TGP = N/A (no GP) μ = numerology i.e. 3 for High-Band
Therefore:
TCP = 864 X 64 X 0.509 X 10-6 X 2-3 = 0.00352 msec = 3.52 usec
TSEQ = 2048 X 64 X 0.509 X 10-6 X 2-3 = 0.00834 msec = 8.34 usec
TGP = N/A

Maximum Cell range is based on the Symbol Duration (Ts) since there is no Guard
Period (TGP).

High-Band (μ = 3)
Subcarrier spacing = 120 kHz => Symbol Duration (Ts) = 1/(120X103) = 8.33 usec
TGP = N/A

With the speed of RF assumed to be the same a slight i.e. 300000 km/s or 300 m/us,
based on the symbol duration (Ts) of 8.33 usec we get a maximum propagation

ct 3
distance of (8.33 X 300) = 2500 m.

e)
UE 1,250 m from Antenna

Le 02
Which equates to a maximum cell range of (2500/2) = 1250 m

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

RACH Preamble Format C2 (High-Band)

CP SEQ SEQ SEQ SEQ GP

TCP = 2048k2-μ msec UE at Antenna

TSEQ = 2048k2-μ msec k = 64 X 0.509 X 10-6 msec according to TS38.211
TGP = 2912k2-μ msec μ = numerology i.e. 3 for High-Band
Therefore:
TCP = 2048 X 64 X 0.509 X 10-6 X 2-3 = 0.00834 msec = 8.34 usec
TSEQ = 2048 X 64 X 0.509 X 10-6 X 2-3 = 0.00834 msec = 8.34 usec
TGP = 2912 X 64 X 0.509 X 10-6 X 2-3 = 0.01186 msec = 11.86 usec
To extend the cell range in High-Band the number of Guard symbols in the Special
slot may be increased up to 5 as shown below:
Downlink Slots Special Slot Uplink Slots
D S U
Switching (7 usec) Switching (7 usec)
D D D D D D D G G G G G U U
Downlink Symbols Guard Symbols Uplink Symbols
(5 X 8.33) – 7 – 7 = 27.65 usec
With the speed of RF assumed to be the same a slight i.e. 300000 km/s or 300 m/us,

ct 3
based on 27.65 usec we get a maximum propagation distance of (27.65 X 300) =

e)
UE 4,147 m from Antenna

Le 02
8295 m. Which equates to a maximum cell range of (8295/2) = 4147 m

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

RACH Root Sequence High-Band

(1) The cell range represents preamble reception with correct Time of Arrival calculation. It does not consider other cell range
limitations such as the required gap symbols between downlink and uplink.
(2) To obtain a cell range of 4 km, additional gap symbols between downlink and uplink must be configured. This can be
achieved through the introduction of new special slot patterns.

Note: 8 preamble signatures are required in High-band as opposed to 16 in low and mid band. Since only

ct 3
one preamble sequence is possible in each Root Sequence each cell requires 8 RACH Root Sequences

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

gNodeB RACH Parameters

ManagedElement
GNBDUFunction
NRCellDU
bandList { 1..1024 } List of all NR bands the cells belongs to.

ct 3
rachRootSequence = 1 { 0..837 } First root sequence index for random access preamble generation.

e)
Le 02
Dependencies: rachRootSequence < 138 if rachPreambleFormat is set to RACH_PREAMBLE_FORMAT_01 (B4)

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

PRACH Format Selection (High-Band)

Format A3 is the default PRACH format for High-Band
• Supports a maximum cell range of 1.25 km with 139 RACH Root Sequences.

‘Extended Propagation Delay Support High-Band’ Optional Feature

Included in the ‘Advanced Coverage Extension, (FAJ 801 4006) Value Package’
• Introduces support for PRACH format C2 for High-Band which supports a maximum cell range of 4 km with 139
RACH Root Sequences.
• The ‘cellRange’ parameter determines the cell range and the number of gap symbols in the special slot. When
the feature license is activated, the special slot configuration of the 4 downlink + 1 uplink TDD pattern is
selected on the basis of the attribute value as shown here:

Without the feature the cell range value is limited to 1,100 m, and the 10:2:2 TDD special slot pattern is used.

ct 3
e)
NOTE: The TDD slot pattern is not only determined by the cell range value, but it also subject to license activation.

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Chapter 5 Exercise 3
Use the following AMOS commands on the on the ‘NSA_High_Band_dcgm.zip’ file to complete the table
below:
‘get FeatureState=CXC4012509’
‘get . cellrange’
‘get . rachPreambleFormat’
‘get . rachrootsequence’

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

NR High-Band Field Measurement

Example:
Reference case LTE Anchor Cell NR Cell Coverage delta between LTE and NR
City 1 2.1 GHz, 20 MHz 28GHz, 100 MHz 32 dB lower for SS-RSRP and 23 dB
lower for CSI-RSRP,
City 2 Mid-band LTE (1.9– 2.1 GHz) 28GHz, 200 MHz 17 dB for SS-RSRP and 9 dB for CSI-RSRP

City 3 Mid-band LTE (1.9 – 2.1 GHz) 28GHz, 400 MHz 17 dB for SS-RSRP and 9 dB for CSI-RSRP

Loss Tolerance

MIMO PDSCH

CSI-RS

SS / Common Channels

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

SSB Power Boost

The feature provides power boost to SSB
Boosting SSB allows UE at greater distance to see the reference signal and thus improve the coverage at
cell boundary
SSB can be boosted with 5 dB (100 MHz) and 2 dB (50 MHz); by stealing power from other unused PRBs
in the SSB subframes.This gives for 120kHz SCS:
●For 50 MHz: 32/20 = 2.04dB ~2dB
●For 100 MHz: 66/20 = 5.18dB ~5dB

MOM via NRCellDU.ssbPowerBoost. The maximum boost value is restricted to:

— 2dB for 50MHz , so allowed values 0,1,2

— 5dB for 100MHz, allowed values 0,1,2,3,4,5

ct 3
This Cell level Parameter is applicable for Highband deployments.

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

SSB Power Boost Parameters

ManagedElement
GNBDUFunction
NRCellDU
actualSsbPowerBoost = Actual boost for SSB. (read only)

B
For Mid-Band cells, value can be less than ssbPowerBoost because of limitations of installed radio equipment.
For High-Band, value is same as ssbPowerBoost.
Empty for Low-Band cells.
gNB Unit: 0.1 dB
ssbPowerBoost = 0 { 0..12 }
Boost value to be applied to SSB power.
Only applicable if license for SSB Power Boost is present and the feature is active.
For High-Band cells, values must be as follows:
- For 200 MHz cells, less than or equal to 8.
- For 100 MHz cells, less than or equal to 5.
- For 50 MHz cells, less than or equal to 2.
For Mid-Band cells, values must be as follows:
- For 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, or 100 MHz, less than or equal to 6.
- For 20 MHz, less than or equal to 4.
- For other bandwidth, equal to 0.
Actual boost is seen in actualSsbPowerBoost attribute.
Value must be 0 for Low-Band cells.
Unit: 1 dB

ct 3
Takes effect: Next cell unlock

e)
Le 02
Precondition: Value can only be changed if administrativeState is LOCKED.

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Chapter 5 Exercise 4
Use the following AMOS commands on the on the ‘NSA_High_Band_dcgm.zip’ file to complete the table
below:
‘get FeatureState=CXC4012500’
‘get . ssbpowerboost’

Power Boost ?

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Possible Test Cases for different KPIs

Test Case Title/Description** Functionality to be verified
— Single User Repeated Access Test Random Access & Accessibility
— Single User Access location Test Beamforming, Random Access& Accessibility
— Stationary Peak Throughputs (DL & UL) Headline throughputs
— Latency (RTT) User perceived latency
— Large File Download & Upload User perceived throughput
— Single User Link Budget Test Cell coverage / Link Budget
— Multiple User Stationary Test (A) Beamforming and Cell Capacity
— Multiple User Stationary Test (B) Beamforming and Cell Capacity
— Single User Mobility Test (NR-NR) Mobility functionality & performance
— Single User Cluster Mobility Test Mobility

ct 3
— User Location Test Radio propagation characteristics

e)
Le 02
**Not all of these tests would be undertaken in all the networks

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Single User Access Location Test Example

— The objective of the test is to demonstrate the ‘Beam
Sweeping’ capabilities of NR high-band SSB for UEs
operating in a SU-MIMO configuration
— The test should be performed using a single UE in a number
of different DL SS-SINR conditions within the cell and at
different angular offsets from the base station
— offsets between radial locations should be greater than 20°
to ensure that different SSB beam indexes are observed
during the testing.

eNodeb
MO Attribute Value
QciTable=default,QciProfilePredefined=qci9 dualConnInitUlConf 1 (SCG) (UL data on NR)

gNodeb

ct 3
QciProfileEndcConfigExt=1 initialUplinkConf 1 (SCG) (UL data on NR)

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

SS-SINR Vs PDSCH Throughput

— It is possible to aggregate multiple DL — Sample results of a street cell walk test of a 28 GHz NR cell
carriers however only 1 UL carrier can be
used
— The TDD frame structure is heavily biased
to the DL (typically DDSU or DDDSU)
— Lower UE Tx power (~23dBm vs 55 to 60
dBm for the gNB)
— NR-LTE aggregation is available for the
DL but not for the UL

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Summary of Chapter 5
The participants should now be able to:
5 Describe NR High-Band RF Initial Tuning concept
5.1 Explain High-Band Radio Network Characteristics
5.2 Describe NR High-Band Massive MIMO and analogue beamforming
5.3 Describe High-Band NR CELL coverage
5.4 List-Out possible Field Test Cases for NR High-Band Network performance tuning

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Ericsson Network Design

and Optimization
Cognitive Software Tools

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Objectives of Chapter 6
After completion of this chapter the participants will be able to:
6 Describe the Ericsson Network Design and Optimization cognitive software tools
6.1 List the inputs and deliverables of the Virtual Drive Test software tool
6.2 Explain what can be displayed on the Virtual Drive Test geolocated maps view
6.3 Describe how call termination analysis functions may be used for initial tuning phase

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Network Design and Optimization Cognitive Software

Tools

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Virtualized Drive Test Inputs and Deliverables

Inputs Deliverables

Geolocated maps
Network topology • Up to 23 available maps
• Physical site location including cell azimuth and coordinates • Advanced filtering capabilities
• Polygon area delimitation

Configuration Data (CM)

• Existing and sites/cells for target area for all frequency bands Individual call termination analysis
• Including successful and problematic calls
Network Statistics (PM) • Drilling down to L3 messages
• Including specific counters to be activated for specific KPIs • Individual call geolocation

MME traces (CTUM)

• Optional for IMEI/IMSI analysis
RF Analytics
• Termination status and error type distribution
• RF histogram synchronized with error type
Call Trace data (CTR, GPEH and NR CTR)
• Bad coverage/quality levels identification
• With a set of events to be activated
• MDT/RDT feature can be also activated

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Virtualized Drive Test Demo Video

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

More Information on Ericsson Cognitive Software Tools

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Summary of Chapter 6
The participants should now be able to:
6 Describe the Ericsson Network Design and Optimization cognitive software tools
6.1 List the inputs and deliverables of the Virtual Drive Test software tool
6.2 Explain what can be displayed on the Virtual Drive Test geolocated maps view
6.3 Describe how call termination analysis functions may be used for initial tuning phase

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

Course Summary

On completion of this course, the participants are now able to: :

5G RAN NR Initial Tuning (eLecture)

ericsson.com/training

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