POKJIARA UNIVERSITY Level: Bachelor, Semester: Spring Year: 2021 Programme: BI ull Mas 100 Course: Engineering Economics Pass Matks: 45 Time 3h, Candidates are required o give thelr answers in their own words a for las precicable, The figures inthe margin indicate fll parks Adem all the questions. 1) Why an canes ow falonenl pce engin, oven? be ’ Sdegated 0,00 the tian oft fo 7 eHow ch Inne al be a georscoint On of 10 9c ve of interest is 6% compounded quarterly. Make also‘cish flow diagram. aes hee fc inl Inco cung? Cy oe “atest erence df mag, ‘by Determine conventional and meiied BIC rai forthe given project. ‘The eash flows areas follows: Thal east Fs. 400,000 Lifeofthe projet. $108 Salvage value 100,000 ‘anual benefits 75000 ‘Annual disbursements (O&M) - 25000 Ineex ate 10% per year a pes i ee crea 5. a) Define pyboek prod nod Explain sine si scoured payback paal eed ines exe A ting an veo ad 4 alien The esi ae hn cele iI na 1 estos Tse eos et one pe ng Pw ‘nai Ux ees ssampon reo een Siaone x MochingY in coi donee 0 Crem nm bert 10,00 go00 see we ao toto A, item int rs _. [Purchase oat RY 3,90000 7 ‘Annual maintenance tate) 3,000 ‘Annual energy penorsed at fll Toad | 12,000 ko ‘Vals of enerpy genented Re 3/ kwh Salvage valu (Rs, 60,000, MARE 596 per yea ‘What do you mean by «ological Footprint? How ecological Tits can be overcome to attain stsainable develipment? What is the diference between Income statement and cash flow staterent? Desribe in cea >] List out eames of depciaton, A mashine costing of Rs 10,000 » Wr 3) » °) ed salvage value Re 500 atthe end of $* yer. Find depreciation _Jeach yar by using Sinking fund i) Declining balance li) SOYD method. Explain he rato analy in detail of following i. Debt ratio | Current rato Tit Tota Asset turnover ratio iv. Inventory trover ratio ‘What ar the objectives of financial statements? Prepare the balance itt from te follwing formation fryer ened 30 Decener Land Bulding [50,000 | Goodwill K [70,000 Plan & Machinery [30,000 | Creditors 1, | 20,000 | ‘Outstanding Expenses RT| 300 Loan | 15,00. ‘Advance income © | S00 Tnvestnent A] 20,000 Debiors A 10,000 [Reserve 16, ‘Cash infand 3.000 [Patent a1 5,000 Props Insurance R™ | 1,000 [Fumie | 4,000. Inventories Pe 25,0007 [Capital | 118,000, te shor nots om (Any va) Personal Tax ad ors tax var ” Moral exe projet and contingent projectPOKHARA UNIVERSITY Level Bachelor Semester Spring Yeur 2020 Programme BE Full Marks 70 Course Engineering Economies: Pass Marks 31.5 Tine 2hrs Candidates are required to gtve their answers in their own words as far as practicable, The figures inthe margin indicate full marks. s Attempt all the questions. | In the current COVID pandemic context, you are required to do economic analysis of one engineering project. Takeany one specific example of the engineering project (eu hydropower, mobile app, hospital, canal, ete.) and discuss the steps of engineering economies process (principles) for making investment decision for that project. Also, explain four diferent cost concepts for engineering decision making and how they can be related in the process of engineering economic evaluation in your above project +4 Which interest is used in engineering economic analysis and how do you differentiate betw simple, compound, nominal and effective interest rate with suitable excunple? 446 Binay 4k has taken home loan of Rs. X$ millon from a bank, which is (o be repaid in equs end of the month installment for 5 years with nominal interest rate of 12 percent compounded monthly. Calculate’ (:) the amouni of each installment, (i) effective rate of interest of loan, tnd (ii) the amount of each installment, if installment is repaid in the beginning of the month installment. Assume X is the last digit of your PU Examination Roll Number. (For example, i the last digit of your PU Examination Roll Number 1s 7, then consider loun as 75 million and if last digit is 0, consider your loan as 05 or 5 million) Compare PW of following projects and select best alternatives using repeatability assumption 10 MARR rate is 1X.5%. Assume X is the last digit of your PU Examination Roll Number (For example, if the last digit of your PU Examination Roll Number 1s 9, then consider mterest rate ais 19 5% and if lust digit is 0, consider your interest rate as 10.5%), Annual Cost Useful Life, Years Salvage Value “Taxes are voluntary payments to governments without expectations of any benefit to the (ax 37 payer." Is this statement correct? Discuss different types of taxes that Nepal government levy Equipment is purchased for Rs 500000 and having estimated salvage value and use 1H Rs 40000 and 10 years, interest rate= 1X%; Assume X is the last digit of your PU Exanunate“B- L020 Eceo-Z sca the last digtt of your PLE Stammation Roll Number is ee 9, the euler an te we toatl ila gt ws cosider VOU Tete rae IS 10%). Cag Sn et amoumn ral book vafue of cnet year of the equipment from the Following the deprecation amount a yettosts 4 SOYD depreciation method ih Stub fara! depreciation method ri oR a ste's not any anvestment Oats destroying the planet Engineers can contribute an he development of technologically and environmentally=teasible solutions 10 overcome ological Tints oF the planet” EXplain the above statements Diseuss different risk anya rmetha’s Which methods do you think most effective m the context of Covid pandemie satwation? Disenss with example j Explain why finanefal statements are prepared in busin finar 8 OFgANIZation? Explaun types of al statements and there need for the business organizations Discuss mportance of financial ratios mn engineering economies. C rato and quick tatio of Kathmandy Bakery and interpret their results ulate debt ratio, current The following are proposed projects, their relationships and respective cash flo coming budgeting period Some of the projects are mutually exelusive noted below and B. ae independ oF CL and C2 Also, certamn projects are dependent of others s mentioned below , Proyect RE and R2 Mutually exclusive Prost C1 ad Mutually exclusive and deper Projeet D Contingent on the acceptance of C . eplance of C | Cash Hows (Rs 000s) for the end of year Pret | Initual Annual | Annual Cost | i ndent on the accept Wee oF B SV atthe endat | _ year | 20 1 | 2 _ 4 , 7a rape Using the PW and MA _ RR=10%, to be invested 15 vation of projects is best if the capital ) imited to Rs fast digit of your PU r egistration number. (For example. istration number i 9 , then consid erest rate as 19% and! rate as 10%), Jer interest rate as4 POKHARA UNIVERSITY ‘Year Semester, Chance Yuli Mages Level; Bachelor Programme:B E Coume: Engineering Ficonomics Candidates are required to ylve their answers in their own words ae jor as practicable. he figures in the margin indicate full marks. Attempt all the questions. tement "Demand creates supply"? Descente ring, economics. a) How you justify the » seven principles of Engin b) Af you deposit Rs. amount at the end of five years month? a) Calculate Discount payback of following given cash i ject, when MAAR is 20% _ $5,000 per month for two year, if bank interest rate is 5% in every six what will be the flow of the “En Y) 0 1 z [3 | a7 54 Wet cashflow(Rs) | -25000 | +8000 [8000 | +2000 | “inti | 313000 by Select the best project by using IRR method when MARR is 8% Project A Project B j Initial investment 3,00,000 5,00,000 ‘Annual revenue ___| 20,000 1,75,000 _| Life Year 6 6 Salvage value 10,000 [1,00,000 a) Evaluate the following two projects A lives, if MARR is 15% per year. Use assumptions. and B having different useful PW method with repeatability Project A (RS.) Project B (RS.) | Initial Investment 540000 650000 | ‘Annual revenue 250000 280000 ‘Annual cost ‘[50000 60000 _ 7 Salvage value 100000 [0000 Useful life [4 years. 6 yearsb) Explain manufacturing cost non-manufeturing, cost and opportunity cost in Engineeting economics. 4. a) Sebvet the best project by using IRR method when MARR is 8%, Use ineremet s if necessary. b) Flowershopkeeper want to a bunch of se on Rs 100, the shop need to pay Rs 10,000 for rent ‘and Rs 15000 for the helper, 98 he could sold the bunch of rose on Rs 125, How much quality the bunch of flowers need to sold to meet break-even point? 5. a) Define ecological limit and sustainable development. »y An organization wants to purchase of Rs.10,00,000 machine that is assigned to § years useful life and expected salvage Rs. 2,00,000, | Compute depreciation by SOYD and MACRS methods for cach year, | 6. a) What do you mean by financing and method of financing and explain debt ratio, current ratio, cost of equity and cost of debt. b) Fill up the following data on standard balance sheet cash, $2000 inventory $5000, Account reeival $3000, Lind and Building 13000, Equipment $7000, Deprecation $1000 Bank overdraft $500, Aci ! payable $1000 & Retumed eaming $6500.00? oe Write short notes on: (Any two) a) Asset & liabilities b) Economic : aa Intemal rate of retum (EIRR) and Financial Internal rate of c) Depreciation by sinking fund method ~ h | |a) b) a) b) a Z POKHARA UNIVERSITY Level: B achelor Semester: Spring Year 22019 Programme: BE Full Marks: 100 Course: Engineering Economics ~ Pass Marks: 45 Time : hrs. Candidates are required to give their answers in their awn words as far as practicable. The figures in “Anempt all the questions. the margin indicate full marks. What do you understand by engineering economics? Explain its seven principles and importance jn business or engineering projects. Define interest and time value of money. How does Compound interest differ with simple interest? Why dves bank use concept of compound interest instead of simple interest? What is the interest rate if your amount will be double in 5 years? What is depreciation? A photocopy machine is costing of Rs. 460,000 8 with estimated salvage value Rs. 12,000 at the end of 6th year. Find yearly depreciation amount and book value by (i) Double declining balance conversion to straight line method (ii) Sum of years digit (SOYD) method. Consider an investment project with the following cash flow. 7 End of Year Net cash flow 0 -2,30,000 1 -70,000 2 0 3 80,000 4 1,20,000 5 1,70,000 Compute the IRR for this investment and determine its acceptability at MARR=10% and draw also an investment balance diagram. 8 Define cost benefit analysis. Find out the both types of B/C ratios using Present worth and annual worth method. Initial investment = Rs. 5,00,000 Annual benefit = Rs. 1,50,000 Annual cost =Rs 30,000 Salvage value = Rs. 40,000 MARR = 12% per year Useful life =Gyenis 1ee a 1 timit and sustainable development. Discuss way, lopment. ty analysis usin by) Define ccologica for pable 4. a) Perform: sens (4 /or-) 20% in dose a) initial investment b) net annual revenue and 6) $2 g PW method over a range op Ivage value 2,00,000 + Initial investment (Rs) + Annual revenues (Rs) + Annual expenses (Rs) + Salvage value (Rs) + Useful life + MARR + Draw also the sensitivity graph. _ay What are the sources of Project Finance? Explain the advantages of Debt Financing. If interest on debt is 12%, dividend to share holders are 15%. Calculate weighted average cost of capital if Debt is 70% and Equity is 30%. Tax rate is 20% a) What is the taxation system in Nepal please describe in brief? b) Describe income statement and balance'sheet with their format. How are they related to each other? Evaluate the following two projects A and B having different useful lives, if MARR is 15 % per year. Use PW method with co-terminated assumptions. When MARR is 10 % per year. = 10 yrs = 12 % per year a _—— 2 ee Project A (Rs.) Project B (Rs.) Initial Investment 40,00,000 50,00,000 _| ! “Annual revenue 15,00,000 00, __7_ years _] ty Avrat is financial ratio? Explain major financial ratios that can be ~ applied in decision making process in business 7. Write short notes on: (Any two) a a) Ecological foot print b) Quick Acid Test c) Benefit Cost RatioJL POKHARA UNIVERSITY Level Bachelor Semester: Fall Year = 2019 Programme: BE ; Full Masks: 100 Course: Engineering Economics Pass Marks: 45 Time 2 Shrs. Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable. The figures in the margin indicate full marks. Attempt all the questions. What do you mean by demand, elasticity of demand and types of elasticity of demand b) Explain manufacturing cost, non-manufacturing cost, opportunity cost d marginal cost with suitable examples. a a frames a farmer want to save money semi-annually in a financial company for the engineering education of his daughter of 2 years old, How much money he needs to save per period if she need 20, 00,000 when her age will be 18 years old. The company compounded the money semi-annually and interest rate is 12%. b) An investment of Rs.1, 00,000 can be made in a project that will produce uniform annual revenue of Rs.50,000 for five years with annual cost of Rs 20000 and then have a market (salvage) value of Rs.5,000. If company has policy to accept any project that will earn 10% per year or more, on all invested capital. Calculate the discounted payback period and show whether this is a desirable investment by using the Present worth method. a) Compute discounted payback period and modified B/C ratio from the following data. Initial investment Rs. 10, 00,000 Annual revenue —_ Rs. 1,80,000 Annual cost Rs. 60,000 Salvage value Rs. 1,50,000 Useful life year 10 MARR 5% >) Select the best proj i e best project by using IRR method when MARR incremental analysis if necessary. a) is 8%. Use cea fF TT Geo-Z TP Prsiect A Project B =I westinent 3,00,000. 5,00,000, revenue | 1,50,000 1,75,000 a 6 6 age value 70,000 ___—_| 1,00,000 1 given information select the best project using co-termi Useful life = 5 years. ems Ret Initial Tavestment ‘so000 | 40000 30000 | ‘Annual revenue 720000 15000 14000 | ‘Annual expenses. 13000 __10000 3000 Usefil fife S years | 7ycars_|_ 9 years Salvage valve 1000 500 [MarR 2 projected useful life of four years. Det depreciation and book values using double de ‘conversion to Straight Line depreciation method. Which motor would you select if you have to operate 12 hours a day? Motor A Motor B Purchase Price Rs.3,00,000 Capacity 2HP_ [-_Efficiency | 715% 2} ‘Annual Cost___| Rs, 30,000 | Rs. 25,500 | Rs 10 per kh | ee 7 el” F-22609 Geo -F% - i and balance sheet? Develop 8 ddo you mean by income statement ; ean and discuss the relationships and differences between them? as ») | Write short notes on: (Amy two) a) FIRR and BIRR > var a 2 WAT analysis for making decision.sf POKHARA UNIVERSITY Level: Bachelor Semester: Spring Year +2018 Programme: BE | Full Marks: 100 Course: Engineering Economics Pass Marks: 45 Time : Shrs. Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable. The figures in th Attempt all the questions. margin indicate full marks. gineering economics? Why do you think studying this course t for engineering students? Justify. non-manufacturing, sunk and opportunity costs 1. a) What is en is importan by Explain manufacturing, with suitable example. anning to place 20% of his salary, which is Rs. 250000 per year at present, each year in mutual fund. He expects M% of his salary increase each year for next 15 years. If the mutual fund will average 10% annual return, what will be the sum amount at the end of 15 years? If salary increase by Rs. 25000 per year. What will be the amount? b) A multipurpose hydroelectric project under consideration of the government, whose ‘estimated benefits and costs expected to be derived from the project, are listed as below: . 2. amesh, an engineer is pl End of year ‘Annual cash flow | (Rs.) Initial Cost ~~1g0000000 ‘Annual power sales 12000000 ‘Annual flood control saving 5000000 “Annual irrigation benefits 000000 Annual recreation benefits 4000000 5000000 Annual operating and maintenance costs Sugeest, based on B/C ratio, the government about implementing the project of life 40 years. MARR = 15%.Jed equipment whose firs ¢ * PW ated salvage of 00.000 | 7,00,000 7,75,000 | 250,000 25,000 | 35,000 A 70,000 | 70,000 cys | 8yrs a 5. us ovingvee ats of mally exclsiveatematives;§ B Sous of projet isk Alternatives ~ a VY] Biers) | DiiRs) | Do(Rs) “amo | 1000 | 3000 _ | 1500 300 | 1500 1000 soo) 3000 ~ a0 | 500 | 1000 1 would you select based on BCR method on Scenario _1.10,000 | 137,000 _ 40,000 38,0001. Level: Bachelor L POKHARA UNIVERSITY r: Fall Year 2018 Sem Programme: BE Full Marks: 100 Course: Engineering Economics Pass Marks: 45 Time : Shes. Candidates are required (0 ive their answers in their own words as far as practicable. The figures in the margin indicate full marks. Attempt all the questions. a) b) a) a) ) Whht is Demand? What are the factors affecting demand of a commodity? Describe the law of Diminishing Utility with neat sketches. Define Prime cost, Overhead cost, Opportunity cost, Sunk Cost, Marginal cost and differential cost. Define interest and time value of money. How does Compound interest differ with simple interest? Why does bank use concept of compound interest instead of simple interest? What is the interest rate if your amount will be double in 5 years? Define nominal and effective interest rates. If you have Rs. 10,00,000 loan now from a bank, how much Rs should you pay as installment per two month for 5 years if bank interest rate is Fixed Cost, variable Cost, 12% per year? ‘A machine costs Rs. 1200000 now and its useful life is Syears. Its Salvage value is expected to be Rs. 500000. Calculate depreciation in each year and corresponding salvage values using sinking fund method and double declining balance method. Differentiate between IRR and ERR. Calculate both IRR and ERR of the following cash flow. Explain why these values are different. Yer Jo |i |2 [3 {4 |§ Cashflow }-1100 | 250 | -300 | 400 | 500 | ooo 1+2+4 2424242 245 ey :Siar wor8ojo03 (p [PPedolansc aigeuraisns jo d20u09 (3 _otmpaudapz0 sasne fs Pouad yougkeg (e set (omy hur) :uo soi0u yoys ang, L S60 OT Sk0r 31019 € EA wT suoou piv afeares | _inyas, renuuy aroused aansuas rsowr ap apioop stag MEI WEVA, ensut so % oz | _¢ oozt oooe a 1 Bu es9A0 iaofoud Burmoyioy an Jo sisAreUe = [ee ooo , ‘osoes | mio 0s9es [MOL atuoauy anjen aBeareg | a0" fen efi ‘000z1 Pivaunsanay Lanta aBenies | agi lenuuy ie id a 1 AVIV pofoud as9q o41 199}95 01 uoNdwnsse Anqereada! 2s (es ta oso | 0005 | awaxoauvunsuy pue xe, (00001 1S. | ee coast | ov0sz | sea so aoueuoue ‘0000s | 1 wo} yuo, (0sL Tuy | se 000s | “T puny aaiosoy | oosuz | Sea pas souwies |~ L s swwak ar 0006¢ [{sioupaio Aspung | goose | Saipung pur pueT 0Sc | paaiaoar soso coset] A _t1mmpo00) 06] SL cou} Panisoar Arauysein sayd aseyoing aszt pupae) ooosez| — “F pue wig ‘0000s | _dooose i ase Gonzei | werd ss0x94 oo00s |W soap Aipuns sutrting |vamle |_—_oo00sz ‘0008 | F_y>e1s Buss015, ol awww euona9}eauq 403 ‘dy z Aajoedes Jo so1oul & 405 peo} jn ie paresado aunowy sourjeg 1490 ee 91 aAey sior0u! ‘Yl | = WUVIN “0000S | St nyasn,‘3v9K sod 0007 54 44 5 id S800) pur iyo.d tau uooMIAg weak sod gogol “sy 4 Bsa: b ‘ooaoos “su st 5-9 ‘nd Butsn we 30s B7er-7 e- 97 LMiinaee oo owed aleaius pue savas QtLevel Bachelor Semester - Spring y. ear _ POKHARA UNIVERSITY 2020 Program’ BE . ie Full Marks 7 Course Soul Mechantes Cand Tine. ev are reyuired fo wiswer in their own words as fur as practicuble tasume necessary date if required. Phe figures an the mary yn mndicale full marks, Attempt all the questions. Qui ONY 5x10=50) any [ill material, it is generally desirable to achieve the smallest possible “When placing, void ratio” Justify the statement a) Fara table packing of regular spheres atthe minimum density, nd th the dy unit we Unit weight of soi solids is 25 kN/a?, ere Samples from three different sites were collected. The results of particle size analyses 3+ Sas aiie epbcdndate mil testa on sunyples OF tarec sollawere done wd Naaiciease ee distibulion eurve was plotted in figure 2.1. Classify the soils (A, B, C) as per USCS and compare the results. For suil C = Liquid limit =30 Plastic limit= 22. “ PAATICLE SIZC DISTRIBUTION CURVE {it i gh am | Figure 2.1 gins between Flocculent structure and Honeycomb structure, iat en ond pavement is under constuction, Geotechnieal consultant este the hase of Paventent from standard compaction test and the result obtained is tabulated as 1 ——— 0 Pass Marks 315 insONT os = ae ws] 46 1 ‘LE + T89 196 ti of 2es[ 190] 196 sear wal. Make veecoayealsition and dry a Sic mule wsed wae 950 1, Make necesenry eaeulation and draw Me alamy th 100% and RO% Tor maximum dry density ‘Take G ; ei rough adam ts shown 414 ct in an earth dam, A seetion throug! ; seem ar the up pressure on the base of the da deence of saturation fo 27. Explan struction of tm Fig AL Plot the dist 2 | \ a \ 9 \ _10,2nt. oR ‘What isthe difference af assumptions between Boussinesq and Westergaard’s theory? 46 A povnt load af 1000 KN is applied at the ground surface. Show the variation of vertical sttesseson horizontal plane ata depth of 5 m below the surface A clay sample originally 25 mm thick and al a void ratio of 1.12, was subjected to a ot compressive lnad, Afler the clay sample was completely consolidated, its thickness was ‘measured to be 24 mm. Compute the final void ratio, {avi any oe types of failures of finite slopes indicating the situations in which they Section - B: (1x20=20) vrttery procedure for calculalion af shear parameters in direct shear 627 bec shear te a shear stress of Draw the Mohr 2 .chet the normal stress was held constant at 100 KN/rn ‘mete forthe (astute condition and determine 1th ‘anrle of shearing resistance the oventntion ofthe m 1" the ereeniaton of he ply ior and minor principal planes and stress on th lane of maximum she: sar stressof soils, the average permeability m the hurtzontal 7 siatified deposits y in the vertical direction. than the average perbyeabilit bb) Prove that for direction is greaterL HARA UNIVERSITY 40K vel: Bachelor Semester: F y "BE ll Your — :2020 programme: B Ful sourse: Soil Mechanics ull Marks: 100 C : Pass Marks: 45 Time + Shrs. Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable. The figures in th Attempt all the questions. e margin indicate full marks. How, oi is formed? What do you mean by Weathering? Explain its types. oy)Two soils A&B are tested in a laboratory for the consistency tests 52 Cgpattie following results were obtained. cee CT Soil .A Soil. B Liquid Limit 35% 65% Plastic limit 15% 20% Flow Index 8 4 Water content 30% 30% eps be PL Which of the two Soils is i) More plastic er> to ii) Better foundation material CT é> > Ue iii) Of better strength as a function of water, Plow index P. 2. iv) Better strength at the plastic limit ~\_, > = y) More compressible? Lud ee ? Toughinst Drdlex * £ ’ a afield Engineers are often found talking of O.M.C. condition’ wi “roads are constructed. Define and explain this tern ba clearly the importance it possesses and the methods by whieh " 8 controlled. ving observations b) Fora ™ ) For a test result recorded in a laboratory. Follo Dae recorded.yi WwW aquenena ean, i OD Di Imm] 0.425mm | 0.075 1 | iyo fas pasos [80 al +}. 90 «(| 60 30 =| Clarify the soil using the AASHTO system and compare the result, 3. a) he 20m thick soil is found on rock layer. The water level is found ay y Sm depth from G.S. The permeability test is done in field which / gives following datas. 2 vn) i) Constant discharge from main well (q)=1000 cc/sec NK ii) Drawdown of water in first observation well Sn far from main well =1.2m ’ iii) Drawdown of water in second observation well 8m far ftom main well=0.7m_ 19 . Then, calculate coefficient of permeability. 'w> 2o-S=TU oog . Wrt to & b) concrete dam having width 10 m is constructed across"3 tiver iving base 1 m below permeable strata of the soil. The water head ‘on ypstream side is 6 m and 1m on the downstream side, The flow net diagram for the dam is as shown below. 3 ——1on—» 1 IMPERVIO} Calculate; Scepage loss through the subsoil if the average value of coefficient Of permeability in horizontal direction is 6X 10° em/see and 3 x 10°* cm/sec in vertical direction. 2fre Zo Bo S01(-4 Jift pressure acting on the base of dam afculate the UP cet it gradient if average length of of the i Calculate the ex! last fiel im ions of Boussinésq theory? Compare between the limitati what are 4 Westergaard theory. Show that the maximum value of Ty yossiness 4m i . Zrertical stress ona vertical plane occurs at adepth of = 0.816.. ? jon test Was performed on a 25 mm thick undisturbed 1) day sample in which 50% consolidation occurs in 5 minutes. In field thick and is underlain by rock stratum. There is a e coefficient of ‘consolidation and lay. Determine th ired to the field for 50% “1 cand layer above ¢ also determine the number of days requi consolidation. Develop the mathematical expression for the one dimensional » lays according to Terzaghis. Explain the physical consolidation of cl tems of which equation is composed meaning of various ‘on lab by direct shear box test on a ) A soil sample was tested aling the following information at .the fy remolded sand sample reves *9 time of failure Normal load =0.9KN Shear load = 0.45 KN Sample area= 36 cm? Determine: ) ‘The angle of shearing resistance. ii) Ae which the failure plane makes with major principal IS. iii) The magnitude and direction of principal stresses in the zone of failure. iv) Deviator stressF-2eZ°e —— Boc/- 3 What is a stress path? Explain the vane shear test for detetminatg, n 6, ) @ of shear strength parameters of soil and also derive the express 7 for applied torque during one-way shearing on b) Calculate the factor of safety with respect to cohesion of a clay sig @) aid a1 in2t0-a height of 10 m, if the angle of fiction @ = 298 va 20 KN/m? and Y= 20 KN/m’, What will be the critical height the slope in this soil. . 7. Write short notes on: (Any two) a) Soil Particle interaction b) Mohr-Coulomb Failure criterion’ > c) Liquid limit and plastic limit of soils. as” Lo | POKHARA UNIVERSITY ] a | evel: Bachelor 5 ae _ programme: BE Sepreaigy Sprihe Year 2019 course: Soil Mechanics Full Marks: 100 ass Marks: 45 Time + Shs. srattito Gi . to give their answers in their own words as far (candidates are requil Lvneyy as practicable ve figures in the margin indicate fill marks. > Gampsaame tompt all the questions: Qyis)s = Snir meme ge eds = ais Yauy> ae gesqu . as Ma fy soil A & B are mixed in dry condition at 30% & 70% by weight. "7 ity of soil A & B are 2.G4 & 2,8 tespectively. If the UW The specific gravil f mixed soil is }.85 g/cc at 13% water content. Then ulk density © jetermine void ratio and degree Of saturation to be excavated from & borrow pit which has’a density of 1.75 cam ad water content of 1376 ‘The specific gravity of soil particles is Us S/5. FT he soil is compacted sO the the water content is }$% and dry density 4 is gprs. For 1090 ov.m of soil in the fill estimate: YOuantity of 8 soil to be excavated rin the pit in ‘Cu.m ii) Amount ‘of water to be added and iii) Void ratio of the soil in borrow pit and fill. soil and its types. Discuss about variable head method for f soil in laboratory; the ground surface to @ depth of 10 8 7 and specific gravity © ih of 3m below the ground surface: fsaturation of sand is 60%. Determine at a dept of 10 h) Soil is a) Discuss about + determining Pe! HA othe water tab! © \bove the wate the total stress, pore water pressur ; m below the ground surface. Calculate also the change in th fi stress if the soil gets saturated up 04 height of Lm below er able due to capillarity- _— — 5 . eetitr clay with? saturated stratum of stiff clay asd én fit weight fhe excavation failed as 2 sin OY {y/Subsequent borings A gicated that the clay Me underiar would the { sand with its top surface at a dé fh of 12.5m. 70 4 ale \ Water have risen above the § sand into 2 a excavation was started. yy faree excavation was made in @ of 18.64KN/n. When the depth of excavation rg in ixture of sand and water syed af pefore HeBS-AC Ser —Z b)_LA Sathick soil stratum has a coefficient of permeability of 3X 19 7 See. A separate test gave porosity {0% and bulk unit weight a” “e KNim' at a moisture content of 94%. Determine the head at which & upward seepage will ci ick’sand condition. What is the flow Tn eet > is required to tnaintaln,oxtic I eongltign? ray e es gl a. rs) yet aves S we = ace 4. a) What do you mean by compression and recompression index? How the 7 (©) coefficient of consolidation can be found out by logarthmic of time method? b) The plan of a foundation is shown in fig. The uniform Pressure on the ; x. soil is 45 kN/m2, Determine the vertical stress increment due to the (S)ooundation at a depth of 4m below the point A “ase Wt jt or Qe i aaa 3m. re oe mit A “Tt StS 3m 4m ea a} Diseuss about any one of the methods of analysis of finite slope. b) A clay layer 4m thick is subjected to a pressure of 60 KN/m?. If the layer 8 has double drainage and undergoes 50 % consolidation in one year. Find /%» the coefficient of consolidation. If the coefficient of permeability is 0.025 (“) in’year, determine the settlement in one year and rate of flow of water per unit area in one year, Take time factor = 0.196, - (3) How is direct Shear test conducted and mention its disadvantages? 7 h) Two identical soil specimen were tested in a triaxial apparatus. First cay SPecimen failed at a deviator stress of 770 KN/m? when the cell pressure (\1) was 2000 KNim? Second specimen failed at a deviator stress of 1370 KN/m’ under a cell pressure of 400 KN/m? Determine the value of C and ‘P analytically. If the same soil is tested in a direct shear apparatus with “normal stress of 600 KN/m? estimate the shear stress at failure Write short notes on: (Any Two) 2x5 a) comparison between USCS and AASHTO D1 Clay particle interaction ©) Definition and Purpose of Compaction,L POKHARA UNIVERSITY semester F Year +2019 vel, Bacl semester: Fall Be Mai: i : pass Marks: no al Mechanics ae ee es are required (0 ve their an: wers in their own words as far ddates are ired to give their ans sin their 0! ords candidate: aw practicable The figures in the margin indicate full marks. sroume necessary data ifrequired. ‘Adempt all the questions. x CD | a) Define soil and soil Mechanics. Differentiate between 34 mo + ani eels S ite and illite. = Kaolinite ¢ aa ith a total weight of 12000 KN is supported pons yw ‘A water tower E ) with four legs. The legs rest on piers located at the corner ofa ™ nis the increment in the vertical square of 5m side. How muc stress duet this loading at a point 6m bel: surface for following cases a i) at the center of structure ii) vertically below each pierg_~ 4 load = 7 ‘Two identical soil specimen were tested in a tiaxial apparatus. 7 First specimen failed at a deviator stress of 700 KN/M? when the cell pressure was 2000 KN/M?, Second specimen failed at a deviator stress of 1370 KN/M? under a cel) pressure of 410 KN/M?, Determine the value of C and @. e ‘A consolidation test was performed on a 22mm thick 5'3 (9) undisturbed clay sample in laboratory where 55% consolidation occurred in 7.5 minutes. In the field, a clay la! isi is 4m thick and is underlain by rock stratum. ‘There isa a layer above the clay layer. Determine the coefficient of geil Also compute the number of days required for ie field stratum to reach 60% consolidation low the ground Ulead ~* 3a) Differentiate i) Differentiate between Normally consolidated (NC) and over 3'4 consolidated (OC (OC) clays. How consolidation settlement underF-20899 27/4 -Z a foundation can be computed for structures built on NC and OC clay. : ; ping test was made in a medium sand having depth of 5.3 Zinuration 20M, where a bed of clay was encountered. The normal ground water table was at the surface. Observation ¢ wells. were located at 4m and 10m from the pumping well. A eee a discharge of 2m'/min. from the pumping, well a steady state ws eS. was oblained in 24 hs. The draw down at 4in well was | m ye and 1871 well was 0.5m. Draw neat sketch and compute the mee permeability of the soil. If the draw down is 6m in the main we“ nontey well and dia of the tube-well is 30cm then what is the distance EAE METS, yetweon center ofthe well and zero draw down, > Ya> 'Stm ge plain flow net with neat sketch and write it's characteristics. 344 Derive a relation for seepage discharge through earthen dam. 6) A soil sample was collected in sampling tube of internal 242 we diameter Serft and length of 12°em. The weight of extracted +242 sample was aban tr oven drying its weight was 380, grams. Assume the specific gravity of soil grains to beet then “ ‘Sait calculate Bulk unit weight, Water Sdntent, Void ralio and ®t Degree of sqjuration” = ¥= Tet ) Ve Weetnetwetirintnr) 5. a) How field identification of clayey soil can be done from silty 443 soil using simpler ficld tes id the group index. valiey /iecording AASTHO soil classification system by using | following data, 024+ o-e0Sat+ 0-01 bd / | % passing 75 micron sieve = 58%, Liquid limits 50% ___/ (Plastic Limit = 35 % atP-3s et b) "The follows a bo Reis 2-0 ‘Srlowing results were obtained from standard compaction 343+2 test: Mass of compacted] 1929.5] 20815] 2 soil (amy “ 38.5 | 2147 72128 | 2058 content ; wh) W 12.4 12.9 13.8 4.9 16.7 ie pecila gravity of soil solids is 2.65, and the vol. of mould is i ) em’. Plot the Compaction curve and obtain the maximum dry density and optimum moisture content. Plot also 0%, 5%, 10% air voids curves. At the maxin: m jate the void ratio, - num dry density, c: id ati eee ; sity, calculate ' degree of saturation and air content, mt “— 2