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Ch 05 Computer Vision 1

The document provides an overview of computer vision, explaining the basics of images, pixels, and resolution. It details how images are represented in grayscale and RGB formats, as well as the principles of computer vision, including image classification, localization, and object detection. Additionally, it highlights applications of computer vision in various fields such as retail, medical imaging, and self-driving cars.

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7 views

Ch 05 Computer Vision 1

The document provides an overview of computer vision, explaining the basics of images, pixels, and resolution. It details how images are represented in grayscale and RGB formats, as well as the principles of computer vision, including image classification, localization, and object detection. Additionally, it highlights applications of computer vision in various fields such as retail, medical imaging, and self-driving cars.

Uploaded by

c51913392
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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COMPUTER VISION

The Blossoms School, Aligarh Class X Mohd Suhail Athar


Basics of Images
How do they
display images
on the screen?
How do
computers
store images?
What are
images
made of?
PIXEL

The word “pixel” means a picture element.

Every photograph, in digital form, is made up of pixels.

They are the smallest unit of information that make up a picture.

Usually round or square, they are typically arranged in a 2-dimensional grid.

The more pixels you have, the more closely the image resembles the original.
Resolution

The number of pixels in an image is called the resolution.

Resolution is typically described using two numbers: width and


height.

• Width tells you how many pixels there are from left to right.
• Height tells you how many pixels there are from top to
bottom.
Resolution
Camera Megapixels

• A megapixel is a million pixels.

• Images taken by a 5 Megapixel Camera will follow the


following formula –
Length x Height = 5,000,000 pixels
Pixel Value

Each of the pixels that represents an image stored inside a


computer has a pixel value which describes how bright that
pixel is, and/or what color it should be.

The most common pixel format is 8-bit image, having pixel


value in range 0-255
Why do we have a value of 255 ?

Each bit in a computer system can have either a zero or a


one.

Generally, the value of a pixel is stored as an 8-bit integer.

This means a pixel value can range between 0-255.

2⁸ = 256
Greyscale Images

Grayscale images, also known as black and white images, are


images in which each pixel is represented in shades of gray,
typically ranging from black (the darkest) to white (the lightest). In
a grayscale image, there is no color information.

The pixel value 0 corresponds to black (completely dark), while 255


corresponds to white (completely bright).

A pixel value of 128 would represent a shade of gray that is roughly


halfway between black and white.
Greyscale Images
RGB Images

All the color images that we see around are made up of three
primary colors Red, Green and Blue.
How do computers store RGB images?

Every RGB image is stored in the form of three different channels


called the R channel, G channel and the B channel.

The pixel-value of pixels in each channel varies from 0-255.

Each pixel in the image is represented by a set of three values, one


for each channel, such as (R, G, B). These values determine the
color of the pixel.

RED (255, 0, 0) GREEN (0, 255, 0) BLUE (0, 0, 255)


RGB Images

RGB Online:
https://www.csfieldguide.org.nz/en/interactives/rgb-mixer/

Pixel Art Online:


https://www.piskelapp.com/p/create/sprite

Pixel Values:
https://www.csfieldguide.org.nz/en/interactives/pixel-viewer/
Computer Vision

The Computer Vision is a domain of Artificial


Intelligence, which enables machines to see
through images or visual data, process and analyze
them based on algorithms.
Home Applications of Computer Vision
Work

Facial Recognition

Face Filters

Google Search by Images


Computer Vision in Retail

Self Driving Cars

Medical Imaging

Google Translate App


How Computer Vision Works?

Computer vision processes and analyzes images and


videos through a series of steps, which are performed
to get certain information from the input image.
How Computer Vision Works
How Computer Vision Works
Classification

Image classification in computer


vision is the process of categorizing
or labeling an input image based on
its contents.
Classification + Localization

This is the task which involves both


processes of identifying what
object is present in the image and
at the same time identifying at
what location that object is present
in that image.
It is used only for single objects.
Object Detection

Object detection aims to locate


and identify multiple objects
within an image such as faces,
buildings, toys etc. and provide
information about their
positions.
Instance Segmentation

Instance Segmentation provides


detailed pixel-level mask for each
object-instance in the image.

A segmentation algorithm takes an


image as input and outputs a
collection of regions (or segments).
Object Detection V/S Image Classification V/s Localization

Image classification is used when you want to categorize


an entire image into a single class.

Localization aims to determine the location of a single


object within an image.

Object detection is suitable when you need to locate


and identify multiple objects within an image.

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