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C#12

The document discusses the latest features introduced in C# 12, highlighting improvements such as Primary Constructors, File-Local Types, and Default Parameters in Lambda Expressions. These features enhance productivity, reduce boilerplate code, and optimize performance for developers. Overall, C# 12 offers significant advancements that simplify coding and improve application efficiency.

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shalini selvaraj
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119 views3 pages

C#12

The document discusses the latest features introduced in C# 12, highlighting improvements such as Primary Constructors, File-Local Types, and Default Parameters in Lambda Expressions. These features enhance productivity, reduce boilerplate code, and optimize performance for developers. Overall, C# 12 offers significant advancements that simplify coding and improve application efficiency.

Uploaded by

shalini selvaraj
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Exploring the Latest C# Features

C# continues to evolve, introducing powerful features that enhance productivity, performance, and
maintainability. This document explores the latest C# features, demonstrating how they improve
upon previous versions .

1. Primary Constructors

Before C# 12 (Explicit Constructor Definition)

public class Person

private string _name;

private int _age;

public Person(string name, int age)

_name = name;

_age = age;

public void Display() => Console.WriteLine($"Name: {_name}, Age: {_age}");

After C# 12 (Using Primary Constructor)

public class Person(string name, int age)

public void Display() => Console.WriteLine($"Name: {name}, Age: {age}");

Benefit: Less boilerplate code, improved readability.

2. File-Local Types

Before C# 12 (No Restriction on Type Scope)

internal class HelperClass

public static void Assist() => Console.WriteLine("Helper method.");


}

After C# 12 (File-Local Types)

file class HelperClass

public static void Assist() => Console.WriteLine("Helper method.");

Benefit: Limits the scope of helper classes to a single file, preventing unintended external usage.

3. Default Parameters in Lambda Expressions

Before C# 12 (Not Allowed)

Func<string, string> greet = (name) => $"Hello, {name}!";

Console.WriteLine(greet("Alice"));

After C# 12 (With Default Parameter Support)

Func<string, string> greet = (string name = "Guest") => $"Hello, {name}!";

Console.WriteLine(greet()); // Output: Hello, Guest!

Benefit: Allows default values for lambda parameters, making code more flexible.

4. Span and Memory Enhancements

Before C# 12 (Heap Allocation for Strings)

char[] chars = new char[] { 'H', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o' };

string str = new string(chars);

Console.WriteLine(str);

After C# 12 (Using `` for Stack Allocation)

Span<char> span = stackalloc char[5] { 'H', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o' };

Console.WriteLine(span.ToString());

Benefit: Reduces memory allocation, improving performance for high-speed applications.

5. Optimized String Interpolation

Before C# 12 (Standard Interpolation)

string name = "Alice";

int age = 25;


string message = $"Name: {name}, Age: {age}";

After C# 12 (Optimized Interpolation for Performance)

string message = $"Name: {name}, Age: {age}".AsSpan().ToString();

Benefit: Optimizes string interpolation performance, reducing unnecessary allocations.

6. GitHub Copilot Integration

GitHub Copilot is an AI-powered code completion tool that assists developers by suggesting entire
lines or blocks of code based on the context of their work.

Summary: C# 12 Feature Improvements

Feature Before C# 12 After C# 12 Benefit

Parameters are part of the Less boilerplate


Primary Constructors Requires explicit constructor
class definition code

Internal classes visible across Better


File-Local Types Limited to a single file
the assembly encapsulation

Default Parameters in More flexible


Not supported Supported
Lambdas code

Better
Span** & Memory** Heap allocation Stack allocation
performance

Optimized String Optimized for memory


Standard interpolation Faster execution
Interpolation usage

Minimal API Default parameters not Default parameters


More concise APIs
Enhancements supported supported

Final Thoughts

C# 12 brings improvements that reduce boilerplate code, enhance performance, and make the
language more expressive. Whether you're optimizing performance-critical applications or
simplifying API definitions, these features provide valuable enhancements for modern C#
development.

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