National Institute of Technology Silchar

Supplementary Examination (UG), July 2024

t ME207
Subject: Fluid Mechanics
Department Mechanical Engineering
r eHours Total Marks: 80
Aiures in the right-hand margin indicate full marks for the question.
Ouestion no l iscompulsory and Answer any Seven (7) from the rest.
Details of question Marks Co

Mention whether the following statements are TRUE or FALSE, with precise
tihicationsin favour of your statement
Newtonian fluid need not necessarily be Stokesian to satisfy the 2 1
A
ineompressibleform of the Navier-Stokes equation.
Ta through acircular pipe with aReynolds number of 6000 cannot be laminar. 2 1

Bomdary layer theory for a viscous flow is always valid if the Reynolds number 2 1
s Iarge
1
nihe definition of time-averaging: f=limf, the parameter T
2

sinihes atime-scale substantially larger than the system time-scale (hence the
infinity limit)
dynamic
Geometric similarity is a necessary and sufficient condition for 2

(e)similarity.
20An oç with density 850 kg'm' and viscosity 0.14 Nsim lows steadily
between
pressure gradient
two stationary horizontal parallel plates 5 mm apart Aconstant
direction of the shear 5 1
of -900Pa'm drives the flow. Find (a) the magnitude and
through the channel, per
stress on the upper plate, and (b) the volume flow rate
mof width The flow is incompressible, fuly devloped and laminar.
Consider the steady, incompressible, fully developed flow of a Newtonian fluid
with inner and outer radi
In 2n annulus between two concentric stationary pipes
gradient dp drìves the flow.
ot Rand R respectively. Aconstant pressure
Fnd the velocity profile and an expression for the average velocity.
D For aggven flow rate throughapipe, consider the following twO Separate cases
flow. In which case the following will be
) laminar flow and (b) turbulent length, and (c)
6
gher: (i) Wall shear stress, (m) Pressure drop over a given
Centerline velocity. Justify your answer.
6) What is the closure problem" in turbulence? 2

(C) What is the"lawof wall? 2

|4(a)| Explain clearly what you understand by the term boundry layer.
(b) Wite down the Prandtl | boundary layer equations for steady two-dimensional
boundary layer
Arincompressible flow. Explain the significance of Prandtl +2
ons in comparison with Navier Stokes equations.
(C) over a flat plate lf the
era steady, laminar, constant density, flow of aîr condiàons
CAmvelocity chan ges from 9 ms to 16 m's, keceping allatoher 1
unaltered, what is the percentage change in wall shear stress agiven distance
1of 2
 5.(a) Fluid flows with a velocity of U, over aflat plate located at y-O, The leadin
velocity profiles in th
edge of the plate is located at x-0. The proposed
boundary layer thickness S(*)are as follows:

the Rcynolds number, for

Find the boundary layer thickness as a function of thelocal| skin
formulation, Also find
laminar flow, using the momentum integral
friction cocflicient. surface with an
for flow over a
laycr
(b) Consider the growth of laminar boundary as a
plots of . oy"
Qualitatively sketch the
adverse pressure gradient,
layer coordinate rag. With the help
tunction ofy, where y is the boundary andtheskinfrictionbodies. Explain the
6.(a) Differentiate between the pressure drag
streamlined and bluff
of examples distinguish between with
Magnus effectin brief. made to turn 900 rpm Find
is 16 m/s.
A cylinder 30 cm in diameter and 10 mlong uniform velocity of and (c) the
(b) air having a cylinder,
axis perpendicular to a stream offorce experienced by the 1.2 kg/m.
lift
(a) the circulation, (b) the Take the density of air as
position of stagnation points. compressiblefluid
for a
area velocityrelationship
the
7. (a) Derive an expression for
dA
flow in the form
are the importantconclusions
A diagrams, what
with the help of
Explain properly,above
derived from the
relationship. atmosphere where the
of 1.6 in an the
flying at a Mach
number
kg/m. Compute the speed of
aiiplane is 0.23
(b) An and the density isspecificheats =1.4.
pressure is 14.8 kN/m²J/kg-K and ratio of and
plane. Take R=287 having a pressure of 78 kN/m the
flying through still air stagnation point on
(C) An airplane is temperature of the air at the of the airplane.
temperature of-8°C. If the speed
than 15.2°C, find the maximum
less
nose of the plane is and ratio ofspecificheats =1.4.
Jkg-K superior to
Take R= 287 Why this theorem is considered
Buckingham's r theorem.
8. (a) State dimensional analysis?
Rayleigh's method for (H), discharge (Q).
rotodynamic hydraulicmachine, the parameters head fluid density, fluid
For a diameter, rpm,
depend on the following: rotor dimensionless
(b) and power (P)
acceleration due to gravity. Obtain the importantP on the other
viscosity, and dependences of H, Q, and
parameters depicting the respective
pi theorem. Also, obtain the expression
for the
parameters, using Buckingham some
speed (dimensionless) of a centrifugal pump as a combination of
specific
of those dimensionless parameters.
on the principle 3
Distinguish between impulse turbine and reaction turbine based
9.(2)
of working, pressure head and discharge. is the significance of the
(b) Define the specific speed of ahydraulic turbine. What
specific speed? tunnel to measure the
wind
(c) A 1:8scale model of an automobile is tested in a
drag on a proposed design. Aprototype speed of 60 km/h is desired. What speed 5
should be used in the wind tunnel for the model study? If the model drag is 200
N, what is the drag force in the prototype? Assume the same fluid for model and
Lprototype., Neglect the compressibility force.
2 of 2
 National Institute of
End Semester Technology Silehar
et Code: ME 207 (UG), May 2024
ester: 4
Subject: luid Mechanics Il
ation: 2 Hs
Department: ME
Toal Marks: 50
OBestion number 0NE iS
compulsory and Answer ANY FOUR from therest
Assume suitable data if not
supplied
Figure in the right-hand margin
indicates full marksfor the question.
No.
1. For poteial flow, using N-S
Questions Marks COs
equations, show that the viscous
t
terns are zero andtleads to Enler
equations. 5x2=10 02
Explain compressibiity correction factor for
COonpressible fluid flow. measurement in
Define manometric efficiency ofa
hydraulic punp. 01
iv. Explain Froude's model law with its
significance. 03
Why does I/power law for turtulent
boundary layer not hold 05
good very close to the boundary
2. Air flows wih a velocity of 360 m/s
through a duct. At a
particular section of the duct, the static pressure and
temperature are 85 kPa and 290 K. Assuming the flow to be
reversible adiabatic, estimate the (1) Mach number at the given
section and (n Mach number, temperature and
velocity at
another section where the static pressure is 125 kPa Given R=
287 J kg/ K,y=14. -
For steady one dimensional isentropic compressible flow 03
through a duct,
dA dV
AM-1).
explain with help of diagrams its implications in the design of
nozzles and diffusers.
3. A cylinde 12 m in diameter is rotated about its axis in air 6 02
having a velocity of 128 km/hr. Alit of 5886 N per meter
length ofthe cylinder is developed on the body. Assuming ideal
fluid theory, find the rotational speed and the location of the
stagnation points. Given p= 1236 kgm
 4 X1=4
ii. Fillin theblanks.
a) The strength of a source is defined as
cylinder in a uniform
b) Generation of lifA on a rotaing
flow is known as -o
source and sink pair
c) A doublet is a special case of
when
cylinder
d) The stagnation points for uníform flow past a
coincide when circulation of the cylinder is --
4. i. What are the differences between reaction and impulse 3

turbines?
ii Define specific speed ofa turbine. Aturbine is to operate under 5
ahead of25 mat 200 r.p.m. The discharge is 9m²/s. The overall
efficiency of the turbine is 90%. Determine (a) specific speed
of machine (b) power generated and (c) type of turbine.
ii. For the following differential equation, identify the nature of 2
the characteristic of the following equation

dx2 -=0
5. i. Assuming that the rate of discharge Qof a centrifugal pump is 6
dependent upon the mass density pof fluid, pump
speed N
(rpm), the diameter of impeller D, the
viscosity of the fluid , show using thepressure and the
P,
theorem that it can be expressed by Buckingharn's -
9
Where H=head and 9=
ii.
Explain what is a distortedkinematic viscosity of the fluid.
find scale ratios of (a) model. For a distorted model,
6. i
Obtain an velocity and (b)discharge.
4

expression for the

velocity
turbulent flow in arough pipe. distribution for
i. 6
Explain with the aid of
control ing sketches any two methods of
boundary layer separation. 4

*******
 Silchar
National 1nstituie of lehnology
2024
MidSenmester (iG), March Mechanics- II
Subjcct: Fluid
ME207 Department: ME
SubjectCode:
Semester:4th Total Marks: 30
Duration:OneHour
Answer ALL questions
margin indicatesfull marksfor the question.
Figure in the right-hand ifnot supplied.
Assume suitable data
Marks
Questions 2
Justify the
Newton's Law of Viscosity
S. No.
solids is analogous to the
(a) Hooke's Law of
the 2
statement. Euler's equations of motion and
basic difference between the
) Clearly mention the
equations. 2
Navier- Stokes
laminarsublayer. 2
(c) Explain the concept of turbulent boundary layers
in terms of
and
Differentiatebetween laminar
(d)
growth
(1)Boundary layer 2
() Velocitydistribution significance.
their
Prandtl's boundary layer equations and
(e) Write down the 6
horizontal mid-plane of the
Couette flow, the shear stress at the
incase of a
2. (a) Show that imposed onthe floW.
isindependent ofthe pressure gradient spillway was
chanel
boundary layer over the face oa high
fb)Theelocity distributionin the
form.
observed to have the following 0.22

boundary
section was observed to be 20 m/s and a
Um at a certain distribution measured at the
The free stream velocity the velocity
was estimated from
layer thickness of 5cm 5 m'/s per meter length of
spillway.
over the spillway was
section. The discharge passing of energy up to the section under çonsideration.
and the loss
Calculate the energy thickness
and 6
is jimmersed in fluid of specific gravity 0.88
length and 3 m wide Determine
J. (a) A plate of 5 m moving with a velocity of 4m/s.
The'fluid is
kinematic viscosity (9) 10 m/s.
) Boundary layer thickness
the plate.
() Drag force on both sides of
pressure gradient on boundary layer separation.
(0) Explain the effect of
*******
 National
Mid Semesterlnstitute of Technology Silchar
Examination (UG), March, 2023
Subject Code: ME-207
Semester:4h Subject: Fluid Mechanics-ll
Duration: One hour Branch: Mechanical Engincering
Total Marks: 30
Figures in the rightAnswer all questions
hand side margin inicate full
marks)
Derive the expression of Marks CO
circumterential velocity component
incompressible fuid R1low through the annulus of two long steady 10 v, for 1,2
cylinders,where, and Rz are radii of inner and concentric
respectively, and the cylinders movethewith different
outer cylinders
(clock wise) and o, (anti-clock wìse) rotational speeds, o,
flow and no axial velocity through therespectively. Consider axisymmetric
acting at the outer cylinder wall. annulus. Also calculate shear stress
Considering steady, încompressible, fülly developed viscous flow of a 10 1,23
Newtonian fluid between two parallel plates located at a distance H
and upper plates movìng towards night with a relative apart,
velocity Uwith
respect to the lower plate which is stationary, if constant
pressure gradient
ismaintained, calculate the expression of
d velocity profle in the fluid
domain. Also sketch various probable velocity profiles considering both
favourable and unfavourable pressure gradient.
3.(a) What is the stream function y for the two dimensional potential flow field S. 23
which is obtained by combininga source of strength mwËth free vortex of
circulation r. Both are located at the onigin of the co-ordinate system, sketch
the resulting streamline patterm.

(0) The velocity components of two dimensional incompressible low are 3 1,2,3
u-2xy and v=atxy. Show that avelocity potential function exists and
find out the velocity potential.
C) For two dimensional flow between two straight and parallel plates, the 2 1,2

relation between pressure and shear stress in x-direction is=,is

this statement true or false? Justify.

P.TO
 Navicr- Stokes cquations for incompressible flow
V'ector form:
DP
Dt =-VP+pg +V'7

Cylindrical Co-ordinates(r, 0, z)
Considering an incompressible, isothemal Newtonian flow (density p=constant,
constant), with avelocity field V= (u,, u,, u,) viscosie
Contiuiy equation:
1 Y(ru,)
184) , 0

r-momentum equation:
Ou, u,
2 Ôue
0- momentum equation:

at

Z- momnentum equation:

r
Shear stress: