The computer will be of no use unless it is able to communicate with the

outside world. Input and Output devices are required for users to
communicate with the computer. In simple terms, input devices bring
information into the computer and output devices bring information out of a
computer system. These input/output devices are also known as peripherals
since they enclose the CPU and memory of a computer system.

A hardware device that accepts inputted information and also has the
capability of outputting that information. Good examples of an input and
output devices are a floppy diskette drive and a hard disk drive.

An output device is any piece of computer hardware equipment used to

communicate the results of data processing carried out by an information
processing system (such as a computer) to the outside world.

In computing, input and output, refers to the communication between an

information processing system (such as computer), and the outside world.
Inputs are the signals or data sent to the system, and output are the signals
or data sent by the system to the outside.

The most common input devices used by the computer are the keyboard and
mouse. The keyboard allows the entry of textual information while the
mouse allows the selection of a point on the screen by moving a screen
cursor to the point and pressing a mouse button. The most common outputs
are monitors and speakers.

Output devices
Examples of output devices

Any peripheral that receives and/or displays output from a computer. To the
right is a picture of an inkjet printer and a good example of an output device.
Below is a listing of all the different types of computer output devices found
on a computer.

Sound card

Video card

Projector

Monitor

Speakers

Printer
Features and Functions
Sound Card

D:MMU fileSEM 3Computer Applicationsound card.jpg

A sound card (also known as an audio card) is a computer expansion card

that facilitate the input and output of audio signals to and from a computer
under control of computer programs. Typical uses of sound cards comprise
providing the audio component for multimedia applications such as music
composition, editing video or audio, presentation, education, and
entertainment (games). Many computers have sound capabilities built in,
while others necessitate extra expansion cards to provide for audio
capability.

Video CardD:MMU fileSEM 3Computer ApplicationVideo_Card.jpg

A video card, video adapter, graphics-accelerator card, display adapter or

graphics card is an extension card whose function is to generate and output
images to a display. Many video cards offer added functions, such as
accelerated rendering of 3D scenes and 2D graphics, video capture, TV-tuner
adapter, MPEG-2/MPEG-4 decoding, FireWire, light pen, TV output, or the
ability to connect multiple monitors (multi-monitor). Other modern high
performance video cards are used for more graphically demanding purposes,
such as PC games.

images7

Projector

A video projector takes a video signal and projects the corresponding image
on a projection screen using a lens system. All video projectors use a very
bright light to project the image, and most modern ones can correct any
curves, blurriness, and other inconsistencies through manual settings. Video
projectors are widely used for meeting room presentations, classroom
training, home theatre and live events applications. Projectors are widely
used in many schools and other educational settings, connected to an
interactive white board to interactively teach pupils.

Monitor

images5

A monitor or display (sometimes called a visual display unit) is an electronic

visual display for computers. The monitor comprises the display device,
circuitry, and an enclosure. The display device in modern monitors is
typically a thin film transistor liquid crystal display (TFT-LCD), at the same
time as older monitors use a cathode ray tube (CRT).

Speakersimages8

Computer speakers, or multimedia speakers, are speakers external to a

computer that disable the lower fidelity built-in speaker. They often have a
low-power internal amplifier. The standard audio connection is a 3.5mm (1/8
inch) stereo jack plugs frequently colour-coded lime green (following the PC
99 standard) for computer sound cards. A plug and socket for a two-wire
(signal and ground) coaxial cable that is generally used to connect analogy
audio and video components. Also called a “phono connector,” rows of RCA
sockets are found on the backs of stereo amplifier and numerous A/V
products. The prong is 1/8″ thick by 5/16″ long. A few use an RCA connector
for input. There are also USB speakers which are powered from the 5 volts at
200 milliamps provided by the USB port, allowing about half a watt of output
power.

Printerimages6

In computing, a printer is a peripheral which produces a hard copy

(permanent readable text and/or graphics) of documents stored in electronic
form, usually on physical print media such as paper or transparencies. Many
printers are first and foremost used as local peripherals, and are attached by
a printer cable or, in most new printers, a USB cable to a computer which
serves as a document source. Some printers, commonly known as network
printers, have built-in network interfaces (typically wireless and/or Ethernet),
and can serve as a hardcopy device for any user on the network. Person
printers are frequently designed to support both local and network
connected users at the same time. In addition, a small number of modern
printers can directly interface to electronic media such as memory sticks or
memory cards, or to image capture devices such as digital cameras,
scanners; some printers are combined with a scanners and/or fax machines
in a single unit, and can function as photocopiers. Printers that include non-
printing features are sometimes called Multifunction printers (MFP), Multi-
Function Devices (MFD), or All-In-One (AIO) printers. Most MFPs include
printing, scanning, and copying in the middle of their features.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Output Devices

No
Output devices
Advantages
Disadvantages
1
Monitor

Comparatively cheap and reliable, can display text and graphics in a wide
range of colures. They are also quiet and do not squander paper.

No enduring copy to keep and unsuitable for users with visual problems.

2
Printer

The purchase cost is low and the running costs are very low.

They can print fairly quickly, particularly if you remember that multiple
copies are being printed in one print run.

They are robust and can operate in harsh environments.

If several sheets of self-carbonating paper are placed into the printer then
the impact will produce duplicate copies.

The printing quality is low – these printers produce low to medium quality
black and white printing and can only print low resolution graphics.

Because of the impact of the pins against the paper, these printers can be
quite noisy.

3
Projector

Enables a lot of people to be able to see something even from a distance

Image quality may not be as good when projected.

4
Speakers

Cheap and generally available. Capable of producing very high quality

sound.
They are an analogue device so the digital sound signal has to be converted,
usually by a sound card.

Input Devices
A hardware device that sends information to the computer. Without any
input devices a computer would simply be a display device and not allow
users to interact with it, much like a TV. To the right are a Logitech trackball
mouse and an example of an input device. Below is a listing of all the
different types of computer input devices found on a computer.

Example of Input Devices

Keyboard

Gamepad

Digital camera

Mouse (pointing device)

Microphone

Webcam

Joystick

Scanner

MIDI Keyboard

Features and Functions for input devices

Keyboard20071004_razer_lycosa

In computing, a keyboard is an input device, partially modelled after the

typewriter keyboard, which uses an arrangement of buttons or keys, to act
as mechanical levers or electronic switches. A keyboard typically has
characters engraved or printed on the keys and each press of a key typically
corresponds to a single written symbol. However, to produce some symbols
requires pressing and holding several keys at the same time or in sequence.
While most keyboard keys produce letters, numbers or signs (characters),
other keys or real-time key presses can produce actions or computer
commands.

Gamepad
D:MMU fileSEM 3Computer Application350__1_full_game_pad_001.jpg.png

A gamepad (also called Joypad or control pad), is a type of game controller

held in the hand, where the digits (especially thumbs) are used to offer input.
Gamepads generally feature a set of action buttons handled with the right
thumb and a direction controller handled with the left. The direction
controller has traditionally been a four-way digital cross (also named a
Joypad, or alternatively a D-pad), but most modern controllers as well (or as
a substitute) feature an analog stick.

Digital Camera

images
Most digital cameras function in much the same way as a traditional camera
that uses film to record images, except that in place of the film, images are
captured and preserved in the camera’s digital memory, which may
be built-in or which may be on a detachable memory card.

Mouserazer_naga_1

In computing, a mouse (plural mice, mousses, or mouse devices.) is a

pointing device that functions by detecting two-dimensional motion relative
to its supporting surface. Physically, a mouse consists of an object held
under one of the user’s hands, with one or more buttons. It sometimes
features other elements, such as “wheels”, which allow the user to perform a
variety of system-dependent operations, or extra buttons or features can
additional control or dimensional input. The mouse’s motion typically
translates into the motion of a cursor on a display, which allows for fine
control of a Graphical User Interface.

Microphone

images1

A microphone (colloquially called a mic or mike) is an acoustic-to-electric

transducer or sensor that converts sound into an electrical
signal .Microphones are used in many applications such as telephones, tape
recorders, karaoke systems, hearing aids, motion picture production, live and
recorded audio engineering, FRS radios, megaphones, in radio and television
broadcasting and in computers for recording voice, speech recognition, VoIP,
and for non-acoustic purposes such as ultrasonic checking or knock sensors.

Web Camimages4
A webcam is a video capture device connected to a computer or computer
network, frequently using a USB port or, if connected to a network, Ethernet
or Wi-Fi. The mainly popular use is for video telephony, permitting a
computer to act as a videophone or video conferencing station. This can be
used in messenger programs such as Windows Live Messenger, Skype and
Yahoo messenger services. Other popular uses, which include the recording
of video files or even still-images, are accessible via numerous software
programs, applications and devices. Webcams are known for low
manufacturing costs and flexibility, making them the lowest cost form of
video telephony. The term ‘webcam’ may also be used in its original sense of
a video camera connected to the Web ceaselessly for an indefinite time,
rather than for a particular session, generally supplying a view for anyone
who visits its web page over the Internet. Some of these, for example those
used as online traffic cameras, are expensive, rugged professional video
cameras.

Joystickimages

A joystick is an input device consisting of a stick that pivots on a base and

reports its angle or direction to the device it is controlling. Joysticks are often
used to control video games, and usually have one or more push-buttons
whose state can also be read by the computer. A popular variation of the
joystick used on modern video game consoles is the analogy stick. The
joystick has been the principal flight control in the cockpit of many aircraft,
chiefly military fast jets, where centre stick or side-stick location may be
employed. Joysticks are also used for controlling machines such as cranes,
trucks, submerged unmanned vehicles, wheelchairs, surveillance cameras
and zero turning radius lawn mowers. Miniature finger-operated joysticks
have been adopted as input devices for smaller electronic equipment such as
mobile phones.

Scannerimages3

In computing, a scanner is a device that optically scans images, printed text,

handwriting, or an object, and converts it to a digital image. Common
examples found in offices are variations of the desktop (or flatbed) scanner
where the document is placed on a glass window for scanning. Hand-held
scanners, where the device is moved by hand, have evolved from text
scanning “wands” to 3D scanners used for industrial design, overturn
engineering, test and measurement, orthotics, gaming and other
applications. Mechanically driven scanners that move the document are
typically used for large-format documents, where a flatbed design would be
impractical.

MIDI Keyboardimages2
A MIDI keyboard is a piano-style digital keyboard device used for sending
MIDI signals or commands to other devices connected to the same interface
as the keyboard. MIDI is an acronym for Musical Instrument Digital Interface
(protocol). The basic MIDI keyboard does not produce sound. In its place,
MIDI information is sent to an electronic module capable of reproducing an
array of digital sounds or samples that resemble traditional analog musical
instruments. These samples are also referred to as voices.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Input Devices

No
Input Devices
Advantages
Disadvantages
1
Digital Camera

No film is needed and there are no film developing costs

Unwanted images can be deleted straight away

Images are already digital and can easily be transferred to a computer and
edited or transferred over the Internet

Special image editing software can allow a huge range of adjustments and
special effects to be tried

Images often have to be compressed to shun using up too much expensive

memory.

2
Joystick

Easy to learn to use. Very simple design so they can be reasonably priced.

Control can be a bit crude as the directions in simple joysticks are limited to
forward, backwards, left and right. Better models offer diagonal movement
or better.
3
Keyboard

dependable for data input of text and numbers.

Usually supplied with a computer so no additional cost.

Specialized keyboards are available.

Users may be slow for not very accurate typists.

Slow for accessing menus etc. and difficult to use if you want to move
objects around the screen.

Difficult for people unable to use keyboards through paralysis or muscular

disorder.

4
Microphone

Voice recognition software can be used to convert your voice into text or to
control menu options on a phone system.

Stored audio files can take up a lot of memory.

Voice commands can be difficult to recognise by the software.

5
MIDI keyboard

Data from a musical instrument is easily captured and edited with a

computer.

MIDI files are small.

MIDI files can be recorded on one type of instrument and played back on
another.

Audio cannot be recorded directly as an audio file such as MP3.

The playback depends on the instrument/computer sound card so may not

sound the same as the original.
Only the note and the timing are stored.

6
Mouse

Ideal for use with desktop computers.

more often than not supplied with a computer so no additional cost.

All computer users tend to be familiar with using them.

They need a flat space close to the computer.

The mouse cannot easily be used with laptop, notebook or palmtop

computers. (These need a tracker ball or a touch sensitive pad called a touch
pad).

7
Scanner

Flat-bed scanners are very accurate and can produce images with a far
higher resolution than a digital camera.

Can produce very large image files which need a lot of computer memory to
view and edit.

Types of Pointing Devices

pointing stick.jpg

The is a small number of examples of pointing devices are pointing stick,

touch screen, touch pad, joystick. A pointing stick is a pressure sensitive
small nub used like a joystick. It’s more frequently than not found on laptops
embedded between the ‘G’, ‘H’, and ‘B’ keys. It operates by sensing the
force applied by the user. The corresponding “mouse” buttons are commonly
placed just below the spacebar. It is also found on mice and some desktop
keyboards.

Touch Screen

images13

A touch screen is a device embedded into the screen of the TV Monitor, or

System LCD monitor screens of laptop computers. Users interrelate with the
device by physically pressing items shown on the screen, either with their
fingers or some helping tool. Touch screens could be used in couple with
stylus pointing devices, while those powered by infrared do not require
physical touch, but just differentiate the movement of hand and fingers in
some minimum range distance from real screen.

Touchpadimages9

A touchpad or track pad is a flat surface that can detect finger contact. It’s a
motionless pointing device, commonly used on laptop computers. At least
one physical button normally comes with the touchpad, but the user can also
generate a mouse click by tapping on the pad. Advanced features include
pressure sensitivity and special gestures such as scrolling by moving one’s
finger along an edge.

Joysticksjoystick.jpg

Joysticks are often used to control video games, and usually have one or
more push-buttons whose state can also be read by the computer. A popular
variation of the joystick used on modern video game consoles is the analog
stick. Joysticks are also used for controlling machines such as cranes, trucks,
and underwater unmanned vehicles.

Types of Keyboard
What is Keyboard? Keyboard is a set of typewriter that enable to you to enter
data into the computer. The key on the computer keyboard got
alphanumeric keys, punctuation keys, and special keys. There are several
types of keyboard. For examples, notebook keyboard, PDA stylus, Tablet PCs,
Wireless keyboard, and Ergonomic keyboard. For notebook keyboard will
with the screen and the CPU. Keyboards on laptops and notebook computers
more often than not have a shorter travel distance for the keystroke and a
reduced set of keys. They may not have a numerical keypad, and the
function keys may be placed in locations that different from their placement
on a standard, full-sized keyboard. The layout is based on the 104-key
Windows design, except the keys are “crammed” into the available space.
There is no numeric keypad, but you can see the labels on keys in the middle
of the keyboard where it is superimposed (the letter “J” has the numeral “1”
on it, K is “2”, and so on). The “Fn” key in the lower left is used to activate
particular options when used in combination with the function keys at the top
of the keyboard.

z_011204note.jpg

PDA Stylus
images11

PDA stylus is a touch type keyboard. That a keyboard is needed for extensive
typing, a person can use a fold up keyboard. The fold-up keyboards have all
of the room of usual keyboards, yet still compact.

Tablet PCs Keyboard

Tablet PCs keyboard is the the majority common peoples in the world using.
It use to type any data into the computer. It have a place for number keys,
alphanumeric keys, punctuation keys, and special keys.

Wireless Keyboard

imagesCAH7GN2X.jpg

Wireless Keyboard is the newest keyboard that came out this few years. The
keyboard can use without wire, but the others function are same with the
normal keyboard that we use.

Ergonomic Keyboard

images112

Ergonomic keyboard is computer keyboard designed with ergonomic

considerations to minimize muscle strain and a host of related problems. An
ergonomic keyboard may decrease muscle strain and reduce risk of Carpal
Tunnel syndrome, but there is no clear evidence of benefit. After a user takes
the time to adjust to this style of keyboard, these keyboards can make
typing easier, faster and less awkward. The keys separated into two or three
groups, allowing the user to type at a different angle than the typical straight
keyboard.

Types of Printer
Printer is classified into 3 types. There are impact printer, nonimpact printer
and specialty printer. The example of impact printer is Dot-matrix. Dot
matrix printers are still commonly used in low-cost, low-quality applications
like cash registers, or in demanding, very high volume applications like
invoice printing.

dot matrix printer.jpg

The nonimpact printers have Inkjet and Laser. For the Inkjet, operate by
propelling variably-sized droplets of liquid or molten material (ink) onto
almost any sized page. They are the most ordinary type of computer printer
for the universal consumer. The laser is a common type of computer printer
that rapidly produces high quality text and graphics on plain paper. But the
price will more expensive than others.

laser.jpgliquid inkjet.jpg

Inkjet Printer Laser Printer

Specialty Printersmultifunction.jpg

The specialty printers have multifunction, plotters and thermal printers. A

multifunction printer is an office machine which incorporates the
functionality of multiple devices in one, so as to have a smaller footprint in a
home or small business setting or to provide centralized document
management/ distribution/ production in a large-office setting. A typical
multifunction printer may act as a combination of some or all of the printer,
scanner, photocopier, fax and email.

Plotterplotter.jpg

Plotter is a computer printing device for printing vector graphics. In the past,
plotters were generally used in applications such as computer-aided design,
though they have generally been replaced with wide-format conventional
printers. It uses a pen that moves over a large revolving sheet of paper.

Thermal Printerthermal.jpg

A thermal printer produces a printed image by selectively heating coated

thermo chromic paper, or thermal paper as it is generally known, when the
paper passes over the thermal print head. The coating turns black in the
areas where it is heated, producing an image. Two-color direct thermal
printers are capable of printing both black and an supplementary color (often
red), by applying heat at two different temperatures.

Types of Monitor
Monitor is an output device that resembles the television screen and uses a
Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) to display information. The monitor is associated
with a keyboard for guide input of characters and displays the information as
it is keyed in. It also displays the program or application output. Like the
television, monitors are also available in different sizes.

Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)

LCD was introduced in the 1970s and is now applied to display terminals
also. Its advantages like low energy consumption, smaller and lighter have
paved its way for usage in portable computers (laptops).

Devices used to get sound, video, and images into

the computer
Video capture is one of the most important hardware to be used for
multimedia work on a personal computer. Video-capture results will depend
on the performance and capacity of all of the components of your system
working together. Video capture from analog devices like video camera
requires a special Video capture card that converts the analog signals into
digital form and compresses the data. Video-capture card use various
components of the computer to pass frames to the processor and hard disk.
For high-quality video, a video-capture card must be able to capture full-
screen video at a high rate. For example for a full-motion video, the card
must be capable of capturing about 35 frames per second at 720 by 480
pixels for digital video and 640 by 480 for analog video. To determine what
settings will produce the best results for your projects, you must be careful in
defining these parameters.

A sound card is a device that attaches to the motherboard to enable the

computer to input, process, and deliver sound. The sound card generates
sounds; records sound from analog devices by converting them to digital
mode and reproduce sound for a speaker by reconverting them to analog
mode. Creative Lab’s Sound Blaster is a standard sound card, to the extent
that some people use the name as a generic term.

A video adapter provides extended capability to a computer in terms of

video. The better the video adapter, the better is the quality of the picture
you see. A high quality video adapter is a must for you while designing your
multimedia project.

Conclusion
Described is an input and output device for inputting or outputting data of an
electronic equipment. The input and output device is designed for being
detachably mounted to the electronic equipment in at least two different
positions. The input and output device features a first contacting
arrangement which, independent of the selected position in the mounted
state of the input and output device on the electronic equipment, electrically
comes in connection with a second contacting arrangement present on the
electronic equipment. In one embodiment, orientation of the device may be
varied, thereby enabling it to be coupled to a receiver by a bayonet
connection and with a set of contacting arrangement engaging the second
contacting arrangement in any orientation. Furthermore, described is an
operating and display module, as well as to a combination of an electronic
equipment and an input and output device that can be detachably mounted
thereto.