Image classification on RESNET

Chandan Singh
Abhay Singh Bhist Priyanshu Shahi
dept. Computer Sicence
dept. Computer Sicence dept. Computer Sicence
Graphic era hill University
Graphic era hill University Graphic era hill University
Bhimtal, India
Bhimtal, India Bhimtal, India
[email protected]
[email protected] [email protected]
 Abstract—Neural networks have become increasingly II. RESNET
complex, consisting of countless layers or over a hundred
layers! The biggest advantage of deep networks is that they can
The development of deep learning has seen significant
perform complex functions. It can learn features at different progress in image classification, particularly with the
levels of abstraction, such as low-level features and high-level introduction of deep convolutional neural networks.
super complex features! However, the use of deep networks is However, as networks became deeper, a problem known as
not always efficient due to the large effect (vanishing gradient): degradation emerged. This issue manifests as an initial
in very deep networks, the signal gradient is often very close, increase in accuracy followed by a decline as the network
which slows down the gradient descent process. In particular, depth increases. This phenomenon occurs in both training
in the gradient descent process, each step of backpropagation and test sets and is not solely due to overfitting.
from the last layer to the first layer requires heavy matrix
multiplication, so the gradient can drop exponentially to 0!! (In To address this degradation problem, the Residual Neural
some rare cases, the gradient burst problem occurs where the Network (RESNET) was proposed by the Microsoft
gradient grows exponentially during propagation until it Research Institute team led by Kaiming He. The core idea
overflows). Therefore, you will notice that the gradient descent behind RESNET is to redefine the function of network layers
speed increases as the number of layers increases during as residual functions of the input at each layer. In essence, a
training! Therefore, thanks to the deep connection of the residual function captures the difference between the actual
network, it can reveal all kinds of complex transactions. observation value and the estimated value, akin to the
However, in reality, as the number of layers increases, it will concept of residuals in mathematical statistics.
become harder for us to train the network until the rest of the
network is requested, which will lead to deeper training. cries RESNET tackles the degradation problem by introducing
residual components that enhance network performance as
Keywords— Neural Networks, Deep Learning, Image the depth increases. These residual components, such as the
Classification, RESNET, Gradient Descent, Computer Vision, one depicted in Figure 1 for a ResNet-20 model, typically
CIFAR-10 Dataset. consist of two convolutional layers and an identity mapping.
The convolutional kernel size is often 3x3, ensuring that the
I. INTRODUCTION input and output dimensions of the residual component
remain the same, allowing for direct addition.
Computer vision recognition, an important part of
artificial intelligence, is recognized by academia and industry In the context of RESNET, the processing of input data
for its many applications. One of the fundamental problems involves steps like batch normalization, ReLU activation,
in computer vision is image classification, where the goal is and convolution operations. Depending on the step size (1 or
to accurately classify images into groups in advance. To 2), different operations are performed. When the step size is
solve this challenge, deep learning has become a powerful 1, the padding layer remains the original input layer after
tool for extracting complex features from images and these operations. In contrast, with a step size of 2, the input
performing automatic classification operations. undergoes the same operations again, followed by average
pooling to generate the filling layer. The final output layer
The CIFAR-10 file is a popular image classification combines the output of the filling layer with that of the
database containing 60,000 RGB color images divided into residual component.
ten categories, including objects such as planes, cars, and
animals. These data serve as a standard testing platform to RESNET's design and architecture have proven effective
evaluate the performance of various image classification in mitigating the degradation problem associated with deeper
algorithms. More importantly, the CIFAR- neural networks. By incorporating residual functions and
components, RESNET enables the training of deeper
10 dataset helps transform the recognition task into a networks with improved performance and accuracy.
general object and supports a variety of classifiers, making it Research studies comparing RESNET with other deep
useful for training and testing deep neural networks. learning models have consistently shown its superiority in
Deep Convolutional Neural Networks Are classification tasks, highlighting its capability to enhance
Revolutionizing Image Classification By learning accuracy by increasing network depth.
hierarchical features from raw pixel data, it is possible to The flexibility of RESNET's residual components allows
create complex models that achieve state-of-the-art for customization based on specific project requirements,
performance. However, as a deep neural network, issues making it a versatile solution for various applications in the
arise such as distortion issues, where accuracy begins to field of deep learning and neural networks.
improve but eventually saturates or deteriorates with
increasing depth. This phenomenon requires new solutions
such as RESNET, the rest of the neural network architecture
designed to facilitate the training of deep networks by
solving the vanishing problem.
By leveraging the capabilities of deep learning models
such as RESNET and exploring complex image
classification tasks, researchers aim to improve the accuracy,
robustness and performance of computer vision in a variety
of applications.
 - During instance creation, you can pass an immutable
configuration of the model, such as the number of groups,
size, or CondenseNet-specific hyperparameters for the
distribution function.
5. Model initialization:
- The sampling process sets the initial state of the model,
including initializing the weights of the neural network based
Figure 2. RESNET_Modules used in V1. on the model.
6. Additional steps:
- After creating the current model, you can continue
training the model, evaluate its performance, fine-tune it for
a specific task, or save it for future reference.
By using the CondenseNet model class by sampling
objects, you can create a neural network model ready for use
in training and inference studies. This step is important for
setting standards for future work in deep learning.
If you have special needs or need further assistance with
Figure 1. Residual learning: a building block. the sample creation process or model configuration, please
feel free to provide further details for further information.

B. Loss Function
 The loss function measures how well the model's
predictions match the actual target values during
training.
 For classification tasks like image classification, a
common choice is the cross-entropy loss function,
which is suitable for multi-class classification
problems.
 # Define the loss function (Cross-Entropy Loss)
criterion = nn.CrossEntropyLoss()
A. Figure 3. concept
Initialize RESNET_V1 network input module.
the Model C. Optimizer
Initializing the model involves setting up an instance of The optimizer is responsible for updating the model
the CondenseNet model class in a deep learning context such parameters during training to minimize the loss function.
as PyTorch. Below is an explanation of how to instantiate One popular optimizer is the Adam optimizer, which
objects in the CondenseNet model category to create a neural adapts the learning rate for each parameter individually.
network model:
1. Model category definition: D. To use a training cycle for a neural network model, you
typically need to follow these steps:
- The CondenseNet category model is primarily required
to determine the architecture, layering and operation of the  Follow the training instructions on the
neural network. equipment.
- This class is usually inherited from 'torch.nn.Module'.  Forward pass: Pass a set of input data to the
model to obtain a prediction.
2. Import the required libraries:
 Calculate the loss: Calculate the loss between
- Before initializing the model, make sure to import the the estimated output and the actual target.
necessary libraries, including PyTorch and other
dependencies required for modeling.  Backpropagation: Perform backpropagation to
calculate the slope of the loss with sample
3. Instantiate the object model: parameters.
- To instantiate a CondenseNet model, simply call the  Update model parameters: Use an optimizer
model class as a function, passing all the necessary (e.g. SGD, Adam) to change model weights
parameters. based on calculation of gradients.
-The instantiation process initializes the model  Repeat this process for the specified time.
parameters, layers, and other objects defined in the model
class.
4. Model Configuration:
E. Testing of the effectiveness of the proposed model to achieve high
The test() function in the train() class will help users predict, accuracy and protection against noise, leading to an increase
and it will return a model. The user needs to prepare and in image recognition. Thanks to rigorous academic
preprocess the test data and pass it to the function. management and clarity in the presentation of the content, all
the insights and findings in this document provide practical
1.Test error solutions to the world's problems in image distribution, the
RESNET architecture released to transform image
processing, and Transfer tools for deep learning for computer
vision.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
the importance of data augmentation in deep learning,
showcasing how techniques such as image data generators
can improve model performance and generalization
capabilities. The experimental results presented in the
document underscore the effectiveness of the proposed
model in achieving high accuracy and resistance to noise
pollution, thereby contributing to advancements in image
recognition systems.

Figure 4. error curve.

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Experimental results are presented in the form of an analysis