CA Lab-V LAB on Python Programming

Assignment 1. Develop programs to understand the control structures of python

print("Select your Choice:")

print("1. For Loop")

print("2. While Loop")

choice = int( input() )

if( choice == 1 ):

for x in range(1,8,2):

print(x)

elif( choice == 2 ):

count=1;

while( count< 8):

print(count)

count+=2;

else:

print( "Ok" )

Output: -

Select your Choice:

1. For Loop

2. While Loop

1
Assignment 2. Develop programs to learn different types of structures (list, dictionary,
tuples) in python

print("Select your Choice:")

print("1. List")
print("2. Dictionary ")
print("3. Tuple")
choice = int( input() )
if( choice == 1 ):
my_list = [1, 2, 3, 'example', 3.132] #creating list with data
print(my_list)
my_list.append([555, 12]) #add as a single element
print(my_list)
my_list.extend([234, 'more_example']) #add as different elements
print(my_list)
my_list.insert(1, 'insert_example') #add element
print(my_list)
del my_list[5] #delete element at index 5
print(my_list)
my_list.remove('example') #remove element with value
print(my_list)
a = my_list.pop(1) #pop element from list
print('Popped Element: ', a, ' List remaining: ', my_list)
my_list.clear() #empty the list
print(my_list)
my_list = [1, 2, 3, 'example', 3.132, 10, 30]
for element in my_list: #access elements one by one
print(element)
print(my_list) #access all elements
print(my_list[3]) #access index 3 element
print(my_list[0:2]) #access elements from 0 to 1 and exclude 2
print(my_list[::-1]) #access elements in reverse
my_list = [1, 2, 3, 10, 30, 10]
print(len(my_list)) #find length of list

2
 print(my_list.index(10)) #find index of element that occurs first
print(my_list.count(10)) #find count of the element
print(sorted(my_list)) #print sorted list but not c
elif( choice == 2 ):
my_dict = {1: 'Python', 2: 'Java'} #dictionary with elements
print(my_dict)
my_dict = {'First': 'Python', 'Second': 'Java'}
print(my_dict)
my_dict['Second'] = 'C++' #changing element
print(my_dict)
my_dict['Third'] = 'Ruby' #adding key-value pair
print(my_dict)
my_dict = {'First': 'Python', 'Second': 'Java', 'Third': 'Ruby'}
a = my_dict.pop('Third') #pop element
print('Value:', a)
print('Dictionary:', my_dict)
b = my_dict.popitem() #pop the key-value pair
print('Key, value pair:', b)
print('Dictionary', my_dict)
my_dict.clear() #empty dictionary
print(my_dict)
my_dict = {'First': 'Python', 'Second': 'Java'}
print(my_dict['First']) #access elements using keys
print(my_dict.get('Second'))
my_dict = {'First': 'Python', 'Second': 'Java', 'Third': 'Ruby'}
print(my_dict.keys()) #get keys
print(my_dict.values()) #get values
print(my_dict.items()) #get key-value pairs
elif( choice == 3 ):
my_tuple = (1, 2, 3) #create tuple
print(my_tuple)
my_tuple2 = (1, 2, 3, 'edureka') #access elements
for x in my_tuple2:
print(x)

3
 print(my_tuple2)
print(my_tuple2[0])
print(my_tuple2[:])
print(my_tuple2[3][4])
my_tuple = (1, 2, 3)
my_tuple = my_tuple + (4, 5, 6) #add elements
print(my_tuple)
my_tuple = (1, 2, 3, ['hindi', 'python'])
my_tuple[3][0] = 'english'
print(my_tuple)
print(my_tuple.count(2))
print(my_tuple.index(['english', 'python']))
else:
print( "Ok" )

Output: -

Select your Choice:

1. List
2. Dictionary
3. Tuple
3
(1, 2, 3)
1
2
3
edureka
(1, 2, 3, 'edureka')
1
(1, 2, 3, 'edureka')
e
(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)
(1, 2, 3, ['english', 'python'])
1
3

4
Assignment 3. Develop programs to learn concept of functions scoping, recursion and
list mutability.

total = 0; # This is global variable. # Function definition is here

def sum( arg1, arg2 ):
# Add both the parameters and return them."
total = arg1 + arg2; # Here total is local variable.
print ("Inside the function local total : ", total)
return total;

def factorial(x):
if x == 1:
return 1
else:
return (x * factorial(x-1))

print("Select your Choice:")

print("1. Functions Scoping")
print("2. Recursion")
print("3. List Mutability")
choice = int( input() )
if( choice == 1 ):
# Now you can call sum function
sum( 10, 20 );
print ("Outside the function global total : ", total)
elif( choice == 2 ):
num = 4
print("The factorial of", num, "is", factorial(num))
elif( choice == 3 ):
my_list = [1, 2, 3, 'example', 3.132] #creating list with data
print(my_list)
my_list.append([555, 12]) #add as a single element
print(my_list)
my_list.extend([234, 'more_example']) #add as different elements

5
 print(my_list)
my_list.insert(1, 'insert_example') #add element
print(my_list)
del my_list[5] #delete element at index 5
print(my_list)
my_list.remove('example') #remove element with value
print(my_list)
a = my_list.pop(1) #pop element from list
print('Popped Element: ', a, ' List remaining: ', my_list)
my_list.clear() #empty the list
print(my_list)
else:
print( "Ok" )
Output: -

Select your Choice:

1. Functions Scoping
2. Recursion
3. List Mutability
3
[1, 2, 3, 'example', 3.132]
[1, 2, 3, 'example', 3.132, [555, 12]]
[1, 2, 3, 'example', 3.132, [555, 12], 234, 'more_example']
[1, 'insert_example', 2, 3, 'example', 3.132, [555, 12], 234, 'more_example']
[1, 'insert_example', 2, 3, 'example', [555, 12], 234, 'more_example']
[1, 'insert_example', 2, 3, [555, 12], 234, 'more_example']
Popped Element: insert_example List remaining: [1, 2, 3, [555, 12], 234, 'more_example']
[]

6
Assignment 4. Develop programs to understand object oriented programming using
python.

class Parent: # define parent class

parentAttr = 100
def __init__(self):
print ("Calling parent constructor")
def parentMethod(self):
print ("Calling parent method")
def setAttr(self, attr):
self.parentAttr = attr
def getAttr(self):
print ("Parent attribute :", self.parentAttr)

class Child(Parent): # define child class

def __init__(self):
print ("Calling child constructor")
def childMethod(self):
print ("Calling child method")

c = Child()
c.childMethod()
c.parentMethod()
c.setAttr(200)
c.getAttr()

Output:-
Calling child constructor
Calling child method
Calling parent method
Parent attribute : 200

7
Assignment 5. Develop programs for data structure algorithms using python –
searching, sorting and hash tables.

def LinearSearch(lys, element):

for i in range (len(lys)):

if lys[i] == element:

return i

return -1

def BinarySearch(lys, val):

first = 0

last = len(lys)-1

index = -1

while (first <= last) and (index == -1):

mid = (first+last)//2

if lys[mid] == val:

index = mid

else:

if val<lys[mid]:

last = mid -1

else:

first = mid +1

return index

def bubblesort(list):

# Swap the elements to arrange in order

for iter_num in range(len(list)-1,0,-1):

for idx in range(iter_num):

8
 if list[idx]>list[idx+1]:

temp = list[idx]

list[idx] = list[idx+1]

list[idx+1] = temp

def merge_sort(unsorted_list):

if len(unsorted_list) <= 1:

return unsorted_list

# Find the middle point and devide it

middle = len(unsorted_list) // 2

left_list = unsorted_list[:middle]

right_list = unsorted_list[middle:]

left_list = merge_sort(left_list)

right_list = merge_sort(right_list)

return list(merge(left_list, right_list))

# Merge the sorted halves

def merge(left_half,right_half):

res = []

while len(left_half) != 0 and len(right_half) != 0:

if left_half[0] < right_half[0]:

res.append(left_half[0])

left_half.remove(left_half[0])

else:

res.append(right_half[0])

right_half.remove(right_half[0])

9
 if len(left_half) == 0:

res = res + right_half

else:

res = res + left_half

return res

def insertionSort(arr):

if (n := len(arr)) <= 1:

return

for i in range(1, n):

key = arr[i]

# Move elements of arr[0..i-1], that are

# greater than key, to one position ahead

# of their current position

j = i-1

while j >=0 and key < arr[j] :

arr[j+1] = arr[j]

j -= 1

arr[j+1] = key

def selectionSort(array, size):

for ind in range(size):

min_index = ind

for j in range(ind + 1, size):

# select the minimum element in every iteration

if array[j] < array[min_index]:

10
 min_index = j

# swapping the elements to sort the array

(array[ind], array[min_index]) = (array[min_index], array[ind])

print("Select your Choice:")

print("1. Linear Search")

print("2. Binary Search")

print("3. Bubble Sort")

print("4. Merge Sort")

print("5. Insertion Sort")

print("6. Selection Sort")

print("7. Hash Table")

choice = int( input() )

if( choice == 1 ):

print(LinearSearch([1,2,3,4,5,2,1], 5))

elif( choice == 2 ):

print(BinarySearch([10,20,30,40,50], 40))

elif( choice == 3 ):

list = [19,2,31,45,6,11,121,27]

bubblesort(list)

print(list)

elif( choice == 4 ):

unsorted_list = [64, 34, 25, 12, 22, 11, 90]

print(merge_sort(unsorted_list))

11
elif( choice == 5 ):

arr = [12, 11, 13, 5, 6]

insertionSort(arr)

print(arr)

elif( choice == 6 ):

arr = [-2, 45, 0, 11, -9,88,-97,-202,747]

size = len(arr)

selectionSort(arr, size)

print(arr)

elif( choice == 7 ):

# Declare a dictionary

dict = {'Name': 'Zara', 'Age': 7, 'Class': 'First'}

# Accessing the dictionary with its key

print ("dict['Name']: ", dict['Name'])

print ("dict['Age']: ", dict['Age'])

dict['Age'] = 8; # update existing entry

dict['School'] = "DPS School"; # Add new entry

print ("dict['Age']: ", dict['Age'])

print ("dict['School']: ", dict['School'])

dict = {'Name': 'Zara', 'Age': 7, 'Class': 'First'}

del dict['Name']; # remove entry with key 'Name'

dict.clear(); # remove all entries in dict

del dict ; # delete entire dictionary

print ("dict['Age']: ", dict['Age'])

12
 print ("dict['School']: ", dict['School'])

else:

print( "Ok" )

Output:-
Select your Choice:

1. Linear Search

2. Binary Search

3. Bubble Sort

4. Merge Sort

5. Insertion Sort

6. Selection Sort

7. Hash Table

[2, 6, 11, 19, 27, 31, 45, 121]

13
Assignment 6. Develop programs to learn regular expressions using python.
import re
#Return a list containing every occurrence of "ai":
txt1 = "The rain in Spain"
x1 = re.findall("ai", txt1)
print(x1)

txt2 = "The rain in Spain"

x2 = re.search("\s", txt2)
print("The first white-space character is located in position:", x2.start())

#Split the string at every white-space character:

txt3 = "The rain in Spain"
x3 = re.split("\s", txt3)
print(x3)

#Replace all white-space characters with the digit "9":

txt4 = "The rain in Spain"
x4 = re.sub("\s", "9", txt4)
print(x4)

txt5 = "The rain in Spain"

x5 = re.search("ai", txt5)
print(x5)

#Search for an upper case "S" character in the beginning of a word, and print the word:
txt6 = "The rain in Spain"
x6 = re.search(r"\bS\w+", txt6)
print(x6.group())

14
Output:-
['ai', 'ai']
The first white-space character is located in position: 3
['The', 'rain', 'in', 'Spain']
The9rain9in9Spain
<re.Match object; span=(5, 7), match='ai'>
Spain

15
Assignment 7. Demonstrate the concept of exception handling using try/except/else
Statement, Unified try/except/finally, try/finally Statement, raise Statement, assert
Statement, catch multiple specific exceptions

# Python code to illustrate

# working of try()
def divide(x, y):
try:
# Floor Division : Gives only Fractional
# Part as Answer
result = x // y
except ZeroDivisionError:
print("Sorry ! You are dividing by zero ")
else:
print("Yeah ! Your answer is :", result)
finally:
# this block is always executed
# regardless of exception generation.
print('This is always executed')

# Look at parameters and note the working of Program

divide(3, 2)
divide(3, 0)

# A python program to create user-defined exception

# class MyError is derived from super class Exception
class MyError(Exception):

# Constructor or Initializer
def __init__(self, value):
self.value = value

# __str__ is to print() the value

def __str__(self):
return(repr(self.value))
try:
raise(MyError(3*2))

# Value of Exception is stored in error

except MyError as error:
print('A New Exception occurred: ', error.value)
x = "hello"
#if condition returns False, AssertionError is raised:
assert x == "goodbye", "x should be 'hello'"
Output: -
Yeah ! Your answer is : 1
This is always executed
Sorry ! You are dividing by zero
This is always executed
A New Exception occurred: 6

16
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
AssertionError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-1-dfedc9c43237> in <module>
38 x = "hello"
39 #if condition returns False, AssertionError is raised:
---> 40 assert x == "goodbye", "x should be 'hello'"

AssertionError: x should be 'hello'

17
Assignment 8. Demonstrate the concept of String-Based Exceptions, Class-Based
Exceptions and Nesting Exception handlers.

#String-Based Exceptions
try:
print(1 + '3')
except Exception as e:
error_message = str(e)
print(error_message)
print(type(error_message))

#Class-Based Exceptions
class LowAgeError(Exception):
def __init__(self):
pass

def __str__(self):
return 'The age must be greater than 18 years'

class Employee:
def __init__(self, name, age):
self.name = name
if age < 18:
raise LowAgeError
else:
self.age = age

def display(self):
print('The name of the employee: ' + self.name + ', Age: ' + str(self.age) +' Years')

try:
e1 = Employee('Subhas', 25)
e1.display()

e2 = Employee('Anupam', 12)
e1.display()
except LowAgeError as e:
print('Error Occurred: ' + str(e))

#Nested
x = 10
y=0

try:
print("outer try block")
try:
print("nested try block")
print(x / y)
except TypeError as te:
print("nested except block")

18
 print(te)
except ZeroDivisionError as ze:
print("outer except block")
print(ze)

Output: -
unsupported operand type(s) for +: 'int' and 'str'
<class 'str'>
The name of the employee: Subhas, Age: 25 Years
Error Occurred: The age must be greater than 18 years
outer try block
nested try block
outer except block
division by zero

19
Assignment 9. Demonstrate implementation of the Anonymous Function Lambda.

# Finding the area of a triangle

triangle = lambda m,n : 1/2 * m * n
res=triangle(34,24)
print("Area of the triangle: ",res)

Output: -
Area of the triangle: 408.0

20
Assignment 10. Demonstrate implementation functional programming tools such as
filter and reduce

series = [23,45,57,39,1,3,95,3,8,85]
result = filter (lambda m: m > 29, series)
print('All the numbers greater than 29 in the series are :',list(result))

Output: -
All the numbers greater than 29 in the series are : [45, 57, 39, 95, 85]

from functools import reduce

series = [23,5,1,7,45,9,38,65,3]
sum = reduce (lambda m,n: m+n, series)
print('The total sum of all the elements in the list is :',sum)

Output: - The total sum of all the elements in the list is: 196

21
Assignment 11. Demonstrate the Module Creation, Module usage.

Step1: Click on New-Text File

Step2: Rename as module2.py
Step3:Write following code
def show(name):
print("Hello",name)
Step4: Click on New-Python3
Step5: Rename as Assignment11
Step6: Write following code
import module2
module2.show("Manoj")
Step7: Run

Output: - Hello Manoj

22
Assignment 12. Demonstrate image insertion in python.

from PIL import Image

myImage = Image.open("C:\\Users\\Admin\\Pictures\\d.png");
myImage.show();

Output: -

23
Assignment 13. Demonstrate use of DataFrame method and use of .csv files.

Step1: Upload .csv file

Step2: Write code as follows
import pandas as pd
df=pd.read_csv("Ecommerce_Customers.csv")
df.head()
df.tail()
em = df["Email"]
print(em)
print(df.loc[1])
print(df.info())

Output:-

24
Assignment 14. Develop programs to learn GUI programming using Tkinter

from tkinter import *

import tkinter
def helloCallBack():
print("Name=",t1.get())
i=radio.get()
if i==1:
print("Gender=Male")
else:
print("Gender=Female")
j=chk1.get()
k=chk2.get()
l=chk3.get()
str=""
if j==1:
str=str+" "+"Red"
if k==2:
str=str+" "+"Green"
if l==3:
str=str+" "+"Blue"
print("Color=",str)
for i in lb1.curselection():
print(lb1.get(i))

base = Tk()
base.geometry('600x600')
base.title("Registration Form")
l1 = Label(base, text="Enter Name",width=20,font=("bold", 10))
l1.place(x=90,y=55)
t1 = Entry(base)
t1.place(x=220,y=55)

radio=IntVar()
l2= Label(base, text="Select Gender",width=20,font=("bold", 10))
l2.place(x=94,y=93)
r1 = Radiobutton(base, text="Male", value=1,variable=radio)
r1.place(x=220,y=93)
r2 = Radiobutton(base, text="Female", value=2,variable=radio)
r2.place(x=280,y=93)

l3= Label(base, text="Select Class",width=20,font=("bold", 10))

l3.place(x=90,y=123)
lb1 = Listbox(base)
lb1.insert(1, "MCA-I")
lb1.insert(2, "MCA-II")
lb1.insert(3, "MCA-III")
lb1.place(x=230,y=123)

25
chk1=IntVar()
chk2=IntVar()
chk3=IntVar()
l4= Label(base, text="Select Color",width=20,font=("bold", 10))
l4.place(x=90,y=300)
c1 = Checkbutton(base,text = "Red",width = 20, onvalue=1,variable=chk1)
c1.place(x=220,y=300)
c2 = Checkbutton(base,text = "Green",width = 20,onvalue=2,variable=chk2)
c2.place(x=340,y=300)
c3 = Checkbutton(base,text = "Blue",width = 20,onvalue=3,variable=chk3)
c3.place(x=460,y=300)

b1 = Button(base, text ="Click", command = helloCallBack)

b1.place(x=190,y=380)
base.mainloop()

Output:-

Name= abc
Gender=Male
Color= Red Green
MCA-I

26
Assignment 15. Create a simple web application using Flask.

from flask import Flask

app = Flask (__name__)
@app.route("/")
@app.route("/home")
def home():
return "<h2>This Is My Home Page</h2>"

if __name__=='__main__':
app.run()

OUTPUT:-

27
Assignment 16. Create Simple Django Framework

Step1: Open Anaconda Navigator, Click on Environments, Click on Create, Give name
Django2
Step2: Tick on Python package and select version 3.7 or above, Click on Create button.
Step3: Click on Home, select Applications on as Django2, Launch Jupyter Notebook.
Step4: Take New Python3-Install following packages one by one and every time restart
kernel.
pip install django
pip install django-bootstrap4
pip install django-crispy-forms

28
Step5: Select Django2-select Installed-Update Index and see installed packages as follows.

29
Assignment 17. Demonstrate Database connectivity using MySql.

Step 1: Search MySQL Workbench

Step 2: Click on localhost
Step 3: Right Click in Schemas then create Schema and Give Name
Step 4: Open schema then right click on tables and create table
Step 5: Write Following Code
import tkinter as tk
from mysql.connector import connect, Error
# Database connection configuration
db_config = {
'host': '127.0.0.1',
'user': 'root',
'password': 'manager',
'database': 'sys'
}
def execute_query(query, values=None):
try:
with connect(**db_config) as connection:
cursor = connection.cursor()
if values:
cursor.execute(query, values)
else:
cursor.execute(query)
connection.commit()
return cursor.lastrowid
except Error as e:
print(f"Error executing query: {e}")

def insert_data():
id = entry_id.get()

30
 name = entry_name.get()
email = entry_email.get()
query = "INSERT INTO student (id,name, email) VALUES (%s, %s,%s)"
values = (id,name, email)
execute_query(query, values)

def update_data():
id = entry_id.get()
name = entry_name.get()
email = entry_email.get()
query = "UPDATE student SET name = %s, email = %s WHERE id = %s"
values = (name, email,id)
execute_query(query, values)

def delete_data():
name = entry_name.get()
query = "DELETE FROM student WHERE name = %s"
values = (name,)
execute_query(query, values)

def select_data():
try:
with connect(**db_config) as connection:
query = "SELECT * FROM student"
cursor = connection.cursor()
cursor.execute(query)
rows = cursor.fetchall()
for row in rows:
print(row) # You can modify this to display the data in your Tkinter application
except Error as e:
print(f"Error executing query: {e}")

31
# Tkinter application setup
root = tk.Tk()
label_id = tk.Label(root, text="ID")
label_id.grid(row=0, column=0)

entry_id = tk.Entry(root)
entry_id.grid(row=0, column=1)

label_name = tk.Label(root, text="Name")

label_name.grid(row=1, column=0)

entry_name = tk.Entry(root)
entry_name.grid(row=1, column=1)

label_email = tk.Label(root, text="Email")

label_email.grid(row=2, column=0)

entry_email = tk.Entry(root)
entry_email.grid(row=2, column=1)

button_insert = tk.Button(root, text="Insert", command=insert_data)

button_insert.grid(row=3, column=0)

button_update = tk.Button(root, text="Update", command=update_data)

button_update.grid(row=3, column=1)
button_delete = tk.Button(root, text="Delete", command=delete_data)
button_delete.grid(row=3, column=2)
button_select = tk.Button(root, text="Select", command=select_data)
button_select.grid(row=3, column=3)
root.mainloop()

32
OUTPUT:-

33