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Cheatsheets / Learn HTML

Forms

<input> : Checkbox Type

When using an HTML input element, the <input type="checkbox" name="breakfast"

type="checkbox" attribute will render a single
value="bacon">Bacon 🥓<br>
checkbox item. To create a group of checkboxes related
to the same topic, they should all use the same name <input type="checkbox" name="breakfast"
attribute. Since it’s a checkbox, multiple checkboxes can value="eggs">Eggs 🍳<br>
be selected for the same topic.
<input type="checkbox" name="breakfast"
value="pancakes">Pancakes 🥞<br>

<textarea> Element

The textarea element is used when creating a text-box <textarea rows="10" cols="30"
for multi-line input (e.g. a comment section). The element
name="comment"></textarea>
supports the rows and cols attributes which
determine the height and width, respectively, of the
element.
When rendered by the browser, textarea fields can be
stretched/shrunk in size by the user, but the rows and
cols attributes determine the initial size.
Unlike the input element, the <textarea> element has
both opening and closing tags. The value of the element
is the content in between these tags (much like a <p>
element). The code block shows a <textarea> of size
10x30 and with a name of "comment" .

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<form> Element

The HTML <form> element is used to collect and send <form method="post"
information to an external source.
action="http://server1">
<form> can contain various input elements. When a
user submits the form, information in these input Enter your name:
elements is passed to the source which is named in the <input type="text" name="fname">
action attribute of the form.
<br/>
Enter your age:
<input type="text" name="age">
<br/>
<input type="submit" value="Submit">
</form>

<input> : Number Type

HTML input elements can be of type number . These <input type="number" name="balance" />
input fields allow the user to enter only numbers and a
few special characters inside the field.
The example code block shows an input with a type of
number and a name of balance . When the input field
is a part of a form, the form will receive a key-value pair
with the format: name: value after form submission.

<input> Element

The HTML <input> element is used to render a variety <label for="fname">First name:</label>
of input fields on a webpage including text fields,
<input type="text" name="fname"
checkboxes, buttons, etc. <input> element have a
type attribute that determines how it gets rendered to a id="fname"><br>
page.
The example code block will create a text input field and
<input type="checkbox" name="vehicle"
a checkbox input field on a webpage.
value="Bike"> I own a bike

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<input> : Range Type

A slider can be created by using the type="range" <input type="range" name="movie-rating"

attribute on an HTML input element. The range slider
min="0" max="10" step="0.1">
will act as a selector between a minimum and a maximum
value. These values are set using the min and max
attributes respectively. The slider can be adjusted to
move in different steps or increments using the step
attribute.
The range slider is meant to act more as a visual widget to
adjust between 2 values, where the relative position is
important, but the precise value is not as important. An
example of this can be adjusting the volume level of an
application.

<select> Element

The HTML <select> element can be used to create a <select name="rental-option">

dropdown list. A list of choices for the dropdown list can
<option value="small">Small</option>
be created using one or more <option> elements. By
default, only one <option> can be selected at a time. <option value="family">Family
The value of the selected <select> ’s name and the Sedan</option>
<option> ’ s value attribute are sent as a key-value <option value="lux">Luxury</option>
pair when the form is submitted.
</select>

Submitting a Form

Once we have collected information in a form we can <form action="/index3.html" method="PUT">

send that information somewhere else by using the
</form>
action and method attribute. The action attribute
tells the form to send the information. A URL is assigned
that determines the recipient of the information. The
method attribute tells the form what to do with that
information once it’s sent. An HTTP verb is assigned to the
method attribute that determines the action to be
performed.

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<input> : Text Type

HTML <input> elements can support text input by <input type="text" name="username">
setting the attribute type="text" . This renders a single
row input field that users can type text inside.
The value of the <input> ‘s name and value attribute
of the element are sent as a key-value pair when the form
is submitted.

<datalist> Element

When using an HTML input, a basic search/autocomplete <input list="ide">

functionality can be achieved by pairing an <input> with
a <datalist> . To pair a <input> with a <datalist> the
<input> ’s list value must match the value of the id of <datalist id="ide">
the <datalist> . The datalist element is used to store a <option value="Visual Studio Code" />
list of <option> s. <option value="Atom" />
The list of data is shown as a dropdown on an input field
<option value="Sublime Text" />
when a user clicks on the input field. As the user starts
typing, the list will be updated to show elements that best </datalist>
match what has been typed into the input field. The
actual list items are specified as multiple option
elements nested inside the datalist .
datalist s are ideal when providing users a list of pre-
defined options, but to also allow them to write
alternative inputs as well.

<input> : Radio Button Type

HTML <input> elements can be given a type="radio" <input name="delivery_option" type="radio"

attribute that renders a single radio button. Multiple radio
value="pickup" />
buttons of a related topic are given the same name
attribute value. Only a single option can be chosen from a <input name="delivery_option" type="radio"
group of radio buttons. value="delivery" />
The value of the selected/checked <input> ’s name
and value attribute of this element are sent as a key-
value pair when the form is submitted.

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Submittable Input

HTML <input> elements can have a type attribute set to

submit, by adding type="submit" . With this attribute
included, a submit button will be rendered and, by
default, will submit the <form> and execute its action.
The text of a submit button is set to Submit by default
but can also be changed by modifying the value
attribute.

<input> name Attribute

In order for a form to send data, it needs to be able to put <input name="username" id="username" />
it into key-value pairs. This is achieved by setting the
<input id="address" />
name attribute of the input element. The name will
become the key and the value of the input will
become the value the form submits corresponding to
the key.
It’s important to remember that the name is not the same
as the ID in terms of form submission. The ID and the
name of the input may be the same, but the value will
only be submitted if the name attribute is specified.
In the code example, the first input will be submitted by
the form, but the second one will not.

<label> Element

The HTML <label> element provides identification for a <label for="password ">Password:</label>
specific <input> based on matching values of the
<input type="text" id="password"
<input> ‘s id attribute and the <label> ‘s for
attribute. By default, clicking on the <label> will focus name="password">
the field of the related <input> .
The example code will create a text input field with the
label text “Password: “ next to it. Clicking on “Password: “
on the page will focus the field for the related <input> .

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<input> Password Type

The HTML <input> element can have the attribute <input type="text" name="username" />
type="password" that renders a single row input field
<input type="password" name="password" />
which allows the user to type censored text inside the
field. It is used to type in sensitive information.
The value of this <input> ’s name and value (actual
value and not the censored version) attribute of this
element are sent as a key-value pair when the form is
submitted.
The code block shows an example of the fields for a basic
login form - the username and password fields.

required Attribute

In HTML, input fields have an attribute called required <input type="password" name="password"
which specifies that the field must include a value.
required >
The example code block shows an input field that is
required. The attribute can be written as
required="true" or simply required .

max Attribute

HTML <input> s of type number have an attribute <input type="number" max="20">

called max that specifies the maximum value for the
input field.
The code block shows an input number field that is set
to have a maximum value of 20 . Any value larger than
20 will mark the input field as having an error.

maxlength Attribute

In HTML, input fields with type text have an attribute <input type="text" name="tweet"
called maxlength that specifies the maximum number
maxlength="140">
of characters that can be entered into the field. The code
block shows an input text field that accepts text that has a
maximum length of 140 characters.

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pattern Attribute

In a text input element, the pattern attribute uses a <form action="/action_page.php">

regular expression to match against (or validate) the value
Country code:
of the <input> , when the form is submitted.
<input type="text" name="country_code"
pattern="[A-Za-z]{3}"
title="Three letter country
code">
<input type="submit">
</form>

minlength Attribute

In HTML, an input field of type text has an attribute that <input type="text" name="username"
supports minimum length validation. To check that the
minlength="6" />
input text has a minimum length, add the minlength
attribute with the character count.
The example code block shows an example of a text field
that has a minimum length of 6 .

HTML Form Validators

HTML forms allow you to specify different kinds of

validation for your input fields to make sure that data is
entered correctly before being submitted. HTML supports
a number of different validators, including things like
minimum value, minimum/maximum length, etc. The
validators are specified as attributes on the input field.

min Attribute

In HTML, input fields with type number have an attribute <input type="number" name="rating" min="1"
called min that specifies the minimum value that can be
max="10">
entered into the field. The code block provided shows an
input number field that accepts a number with minimum
value 1.

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