Steps in Learning Taijiquan: by Dr. Yang, Jwing-Ming
Steps in Learning Taijiquan: by Dr. Yang, Jwing-Ming
Steps in Learning Taijiquan: by Dr. Yang, Jwing-Ming
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Every taijiquan master has his own sequence of training, emphasizing his methods and content. The following lists general training procedures according to my learning experience with three taijiquan masters and my teaching experience of more than forty years. This is a guide only to the bare-hand training procedures of taijiquan.
Training Sequence
The general sequence of taijiquan training is as follows:
1. Understanding the fundamental theory of taijiquan 2. Relaxation, calmness, and concentration practice 3. Breath training 4. Experiencing and generating qi 5. Qi circulation and breathing 6. Still meditation 7. Fundamental stances
8. Breath coordination drills 9. Fundamental moving drills 10. Solo taijiquan 11. Analysis of the martial applications of the sequence 12. Beginning stationary taiji pushing hands 13. Fundamental forms of taiji jin training 14. Hen and ha sound training 15. Fast taijiquan 16. Advanced taiji pushing hands (both stationary and moving) 17. Advanced taiji jin training 18. Qi expansion and transportation training 19. Martial applications of taiji pushing hands 20. Free-pushing hands (both stationary and moving) 21. Taiji fighting set 22. Taiji free fighting
The first step in learning taijiquan is to understand the fundamental theory and principles through discussion with your master, reading the available books, studying with classmates, and then pondering on your own. You should ask yourself: How does taijiquan benefit the body and improve health? How can taijiquan be used for martial purposes? What are the differences between taijiquan and other martial styles? Once you have answers to these questions, you should have a picture of the art and an idea of where you are going. The next question to arise should be: How do I train the relaxation, calmness, and concentration which are the most basic and important aspects of taijiquan? This leads you to the second step of the training. Usually, if you have the right methods and concepts, you can train your mind to be calm and concentrated and can relax physically in a short time. Keeping this meditative attitude is very important for beginning training. The next step is to train your breathing. The breathing must be deep, natural, and long. If you are interested in health only, you can use Buddhist or normal abdominal breathing. However, if you want to advance to martial applications, you should train and master Daoist, or reverse abdominal breathing. You should be able to expand and withdraw the muscles of the abdomen area easily. After you have trained your breath correctly, you should then begin to sense the qi in your abdomen and dan tian. This will lead to the fourth stepgenerating and experiencing qi. If you are interested in knowing more about taijiquan and breathing, please refer to the book: The Essence of Taiji Qigong, published by YMAA. Usually, qi can be generated in two ways: externally and internally. To generate qi externally is called wai dan (), and when it is generated internally it is called nei dan (). Through training qi generation you will gradually realize what qi is and why smooth qi circulation benefits the body. You will also build up your sensitivity to the movement of qi. The more you train, the more sensitive you will become. After a time, you should then go to the next stepcirculating qi. This is best practiced through still meditation, which will enhance your qi generation and circulation. Qi circulation is guided by the calm mind and made possible by a relaxed body. You must train your mind to guide the qi wherever you wish in coordination with correct breathing. First you should develop small circulation, which moves the qi up the spine and down the center of the front of the body (i.e., governing and conception vessels, ). Eventually you should develop grand circulation whereby qi is circulated to every part of your body. When you have completed the above six steps, you should have built a firm foundation for taijiquan practice. With correct instruction, it should take less than six months to complete the above training (except for grand circulation).
practitioner, but it will also help the non-martial artist to better understand the sequence and circulate qi. With the instruction of a qualified master, it will take at least two or three years to understand and master the techniques. While this stage of analysis is going on, you should begin to pick up fundamental (fixed step) pushing hands.
Pushing Hands
Pushing hands trains you to listen to and to feel the opponent's jin, understand it, neutralize it, and then counterattack. There are two aspects of pushing hands training. The first emphasizes feeling the opponent's jin and then neutralizing it, and the second emphasizes understanding the emitting of jin and its applications. Therefore, when you start the fundamental pushing hands, you should also start fundamental jin training that is usually difficult to practice and understand. For this, a qualified master is extremely important. While training jin, the coordination of the sounds hen and ha become very important. Uttering hen and ha can enable you to emit or withdraw your jin to the maximum and coordinate the qi with it, and can also help to raise your spirit of vitality. When you finish your analysis of the sequence, you have established the martial foundation of taijiquan. You should then start to train speeding up the solo sequence, training jin in every movement. In fast taiji training, practice emitting jin in pulses with a firm root, proper waist control, and qi support. In addition, develop the feeling of having an enemy in front of you while you are doing the form. This will help you learn to apply the techniques naturally and to react automatically. After practicing this for a few years, you should have grasped the basics of jin and should start advanced pushing hands and jin training. Advanced (moving step) pushing hands will train you to step smoothly and correctly in coordination with your techniques and fighting strategy. This training builds the foundation of free-pushing hands and free fighting. Advanced jin training enables you to understand the higher level of jin application and covers the entire range of jin. During these two steps of training, you should continue your qi enhancement, expansion, and transportation training to strengthen the qi support of your jin. The martial applications of pushing hands should be analyzed and discussed. This is the bridge that connects the techniques learned in the sequence to the real applications. When you understand all the techniques thoroughly, you should then get involved in free-pushing hands and learn the two-person fighting set.
The Taiji Fighting Set was designed to train the use of techniques in a way that resembles real fighting. Proper footwork is very important. Once you are moving and interacting fluidly, you can begin to use jin. The final step in training is free fighting with different partners. The more partners you practice with, the more experience you will gain. The more time and energy you spend, the more skillful you will become. The most important thing in all this training is your attitude. Remember to study widely, question humbly, investigate, discriminate, and work perseveringly. This is the way to success. Dr. Yang, Jwing-Ming, is a renowned author and teacher of Chinese martial arts and Qigong. Born in Taiwan, he has trained and taught Taijiquan, Qigong and Chinese martial arts for over forty-five years. He is the author of over thirty books, and was elected by Inside Kung Fu magazine as one of the 10 people who has "made the greatest impact on martial arts in the past 100 years." Dr. Yang lives in Northern California.
RELATED ARTICLES
Understanding Traditional Yang Style Taijiquan In order to analyze the traditional Yang Style Taijiquan sequence, it is necessary to understand how martial sequences are created and the purpose they serve. Taijiquan is not a dance or abstract movement. A proper understanding of the root of the art will help you practice more effectively.
History of Yang Style Taijiquan (Tai Chi Chuan) When he was young, Yang, Lu-chan went to Chen Jia Gou in Henan province to learn taijiquan from Chen, Chang-xing. Chen realized that Yang had great potential and taught him the secrets sincerely.
Lessons from the Taijiquan Form Seminar I had the chance last weekend to teach at the YMAA Boston Taiji Form Seminar. I was tapped to teach the Two Person Fighting Set. YMAA canon maintains that the Fighting Set is the last thing a person trains prior to free sparring.
COMMENTS
Sigung, Thank you for your very timely and astute comments! Currently, Gary Readore and I, two of Sifu Bolt's seniors and I trained with Grandmaster Shum as well as you know, are doing a series of tai chi push hands and chin na seminars in Houston, employing the principles our Sifu and yourself have instilled in us over the years. This is a great primer for the students learning these aspects of Yang style for the first time. Thank you sir so much with great honor and respect! We so miss both your travels here and our Sifu since he is living in Perth right now. But we carry on the legacy!
michael aronson March 2, 2011, 12:34 pm reply Great article, Dr. Yang! I am very happy to have reconnected with you. Look forward one day, to visiting you, while you are teaching at a location. Say hello to your family, for me. Love and Peace. Ted Ted Mattingly March 2, 2011, 12:41 pm reply From what I have seen, Dr. Yang's Tai Chi Fighting set lacks fan song and fan jin trainings. Maybe I am wrong here, but that is what I see or don't see in this set. Since Yang, Chang Fu's set and Yang's Lu Chan's set almost bear no resemblance to Chen Tai Chi, and my information tells me that YLC's Tai Chi was highly influenced by methods and trainings from Wudong Shan. That is what my teacher taught, and it makes sense to me. Thank you. James Fraser James April 4, 2011, 11:36 pm reply I disagree with the use of the word "concentration" use in the writings above. Qi will not flow when the concentration of the mind is focused on concentrating and/or thought. My experience is that "emptiness", and "mind like a baby" opens the channels of the flow of Chi, and its build up. This Chi flow cannot be directed in any way. or the flow will stop. That is what I have learned and that is my experience. Also the "pushing" and "pulling" will get you killed in a taking on a experienced and crazed street fighter. Regards, James James April 4, 2011, 11:58 pm reply
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Dr. Yang, Jwing-Ming () started his Gongfu (Kung Fu) training at the age of fifteen under the Shaolin White Crane (Bai He) Master Cheng, Gin Gsao (). In thirteen years of study (1961-1974) under Master Cheng, Dr. Yang became an expert in the White Crane style of Chinese martial arts, which includes both the use of bare hands and of various weapons such as saber, staff, spear, trident, two short rods, and many others. With the same master he also studied White Crane Qin Na (or Chin Na), Tui Na and Dian Xue massages, and herbal treatment.
At the age of sixteen, Dr. Yang began the study of Taijiquan (Yang Style) under Master Kao, Tao (). Dr. Yang's tai chi can be traced back to the Yang family through Master Kao's teacher Yue, Huanzhi (), an indoor disciple of Yang, Chengfu (). After learning from Master Kao, Dr. Yang continued his study and research of Taijiquan with several masters and senior practitioners such as Master Li, Mao-Ching ( ) and Mr. Wilson Chen in Taipei. Master Li learned his Taijiquan from the wellknown Master Han, Ching-Tang, and Mr. Chen learned his Taijiquan from Master Chang, Xiang-San. Dr. Yang has mastered the Taiji barehand sequence, pushing hands, the two-man fighting sequence, Taiji sword, Taiji saber, and Taiji Qigong.
Becoming a Teacher
When Dr. Yang was eighteen years old he entered Tamkang College in Taipei Xian to study Physics and also began the study of traditional Shaolin Long Fist (Changquan or Chang Chuan) with Master Li, Mao-Ching at the Tamkang College Guoshu Club (1964-1968). He eventually became an assistant instructor under Master Li. In 1971 he completed his M.S. degree in Physics at the National Taiwan University and then served in the Chinese Air Force from 1971 to 1972. In the service, Dr. Yang taught Physics at the Junior Academy of the Chinese Air Force while also teaching Wushu. After being honorably discharged in 1972, he returned to Tamkang College to teach Physics and resumed study under Master Li, Mao-Ching. From Master Li, Dr. Yang learned Northern style Gongfu, which includes both barehand techniques, especially kicking, and numerous weapons.
Ph.D in 1978
In 1974, Dr. Yang came to the United States to study Mechanical Engineering at Purdue University. At the request of a few students, Dr. Yang began to teach Gongfu (Kung Fu), which resulted in the foundation of the Purdue University Chinese Kung Fu Research Club in the spring of 1975. While at Purdue, Dr. Yang also taught college-credited courses in Taijiquan. In May, 1978 he was awarded a Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering by Purdue.
Yang's Martial Arts Association was established in Boston, MA in 1982. With the intent of preserving traditional Chinese Kung Fu and Qigong , Dr. Yang, Jwing-Ming began training students in the rigors of Shaolin Long Fist and White Crane Gongfu as well as Yang Style Tai Chi Chuan. Currently, YMAA is an international organization, including 56 schools in Argentina, Belgium, Canada, Chile, France, Holland, Hungary, Iran, Ireland, Italy, Poland, Portugal, Spain, South Africa, the United Kingdom, and the United States. In the early 80's, Dr. Yang wrote several books, published by Unique Publications. In 1984, Dr. Yang retired from his engineering career, to undertake his life-long dream of teaching and researching the Chinese arts and introducing them to the West through many books, videos and DVDs.
Becoming an Author
Founded in 1984, YMAA Publication Center has published many of Dr. Yang's groundbreaking books and videos, and is a pioneer in the cultural exchange between the East and West. While the West has successfully developed the material sciences, the East is celebrated for its levels of spiritual cultivation. During this ongoing period of exchange, the building of bridges is critical for the successful integration of the achievements of both societies. His books and videos have been translated into French, Italian, Spanish, Polish, Czech, Dutch, Bulgarian, Russian, Hungarian, Portuguese, Croatian, German, and Farsi.
In summary, Dr. Yang has been involved in Chinese Gongfu since 1961. During this time, he has spent 13 years learning Shaolin White Crane (Bai He), Shaolin Long Fist (Changquan), and Taijiquan. Dr. Yang has more than thirty years of instructional experience: seven years in Taiwan, five years at Purdue University, two years in Houston, TX, and 24 years in Boston, MA. On November 29, 2005, Dr. Yang conferred the title of Taiji Master to one of his senior students (Roger Whidden)for the first time, which by tradition bestows the honorable title of Grandmaster upon Dr. Yang.
Worldwide Acclaim
Throughout the year, Dr. Yang travels between YMAA International Branch and Provisional schools worldwide. He also frequently travels within America and around the world presenting lectures and seminars on Chinese martial arts and Qigong. He has visited Argentina, Austria, Barbados, Botswana, Belgium, Bermuda, Canada, China, Chile, England, Egypt, France, Germany, Holland, Hungary, Iran, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Mexico, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Spain, South Africa, Switzerland, and Venezuela. Dr. Yang has published over 35 books and more than 50 videos on the martial arts and Qigong. Currently he is president of Yang's Oriental Arts Association, Boston, MA.
Since 2004, Dr. Yang has worked to develop the nonprofit YMAA Retreat Center, a training facility in Humboldt County, CA, where he is training a select group of students in a comprehensive 10-year program.
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President of Yangs Martial Arts Association, YMAA International. Board of Directors of YMAA Publication Center Vice President of the International Wushu-San Shou Dao Association Co-Leader of the 1994 North American Martial Arts Demo Team Honorary Member of the American Shiatsu Association Honorary Advisor of the Martial Arts of China Historical Society Honorable Appointee to the Eastern U.S. Kung-Fu Federation
Prix Bushido, French Book Award, 1st Place, 1997 Inside Kung Fu Magazine - Man of the Year 1990 Black Belt Magazine - Kung Fu Artist of the Year 2003 Inside Kung Fu Magazine - Man of the Year 2007 Martial Arts Publisher of the Year 2008 by the 11th World Congress on Qigong and TCM, Dr. Effie Chow and the American Qigong Association
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Taiji Saber Classical Yang Style: Qigong, The Complete Form & Applications
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