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Maths G12 Unit One (Part 1, 2, 3) Short Note

The document covers the concepts of sequences and series, detailing the meaning, types (finite and infinite), and methods of describing sequences, including listing terms and writing general terms. It introduces the Fibonacci sequence and arithmetic sequences, explaining how to find their general terms and arithmetic means. Examples are provided to illustrate the concepts and formulas discussed.

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43 views9 pages

Maths G12 Unit One (Part 1, 2, 3) Short Note

The document covers the concepts of sequences and series, detailing the meaning, types (finite and infinite), and methods of describing sequences, including listing terms and writing general terms. It introduces the Fibonacci sequence and arithmetic sequences, explaining how to find their general terms and arithmetic means. Examples are provided to illustrate the concepts and formulas discussed.

Uploaded by

dandimijena
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Maths G12 Unit One

Part One
Sequence and Series

✓ Meaning of Sequence
✓ Types of Sequence
✓ Describing Sequence
Meaning of Sequence
• Sequence is a function whose domain is the collection of all integer greater than or
equal to a given integer ( 0 and 1).
• It usually denoted by an.
• a1 , a2 , a3 , a4 …….. an - called terms of the sequence.
• an is called the general term.
Types of Sequence
I. Finite Sequence : is a sequence that has last term.
• Domain = 1,2,3….n
II. Infinite Sequence : is a sequence that does not has last term.
• Domain = the set of natural number ( N )
Describing Sequence
A. By Listing the term we can describe sequence.
• Example : List the first three term of the sequence whose general term is a n = n + 1
• Answer = 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6……. ( substitute 1 , 2 ,3 ……. by n )
B. By drawing graph we can escribe sequence since it is function.
Unit one Part Two
Describing Sequence
III. Writing the general term
IV. Using Recurrence relation
III. By Writing The General Term

• Describing a sequence using a general term ( formula ) allows us to express the n th term of sequence in a algebraic form.
Steps to establish the General term
1. Identify the sequence
2. Look for pattern
3. Establish a formula
4. check the formula
A. Fibonacci Sequence
• The fibonacci sequnce starts with F(0) = 0 and F(1) = 1.
• Every subsequent term is the sum of the two preceding terms.
• Let’s generate the 1st few terms :
F(0) = 0
F(1) = 1
F(2) = F(1) + F(0) = 1 + 0 = 1
F(3) = F(2) + F(1) = 1 + 1 = 2
F(4) = F(3) + F(2) = 2 + 1 = 3 ………..
Generally : F(n) = F (n – 1) + F (n – 2) for n greater than or equal to 2.
Unit One Part Three
Arithmetic Sequence
• Arithmetic sequence is a sequence in which each term except the first is obtained by
adding a fixed number to the preceding term.
• The fixed number is called common difference of the sequence.
• Example : 2 , 5 , 8 , 11……….this is an example of arithmetic sequence with common
difference of ( d ) 3 and the first term ( a1 ) of 2.
General Term of the Arithmetic
Sequence
• If An is an arithmetic sequence with the first A1 and a common difference d the nth
term of the sequence ( general formula of the sequence ) is given by An = A1 + (n – 1 )d
Continue………
• Example : Find the general term of a sequence An , when the first term is 4 and the
common difference is 2.
Solution
An = A1 + ( n – 1 )d ( A1 is 4 and d is 2 )
= 4 + ( n – 1 )2
= 4 + 2n – 2
An = 2n – 2
Arithmetic Mean
• The term of arithmetic sequence that lie between two given terms are called arithmetic
mean.
• Example : Given that 2 , m , 10 , is an arithmetic mean then find the value of “m”?
Solution
m – 2 = 10 – m
m + m = 10 + 2
2m = 12
m=6

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