COMPUTER BASICS

Search Engines – Apps – E-Commerce Companies

The oldest search engine is a web crawler.

Yahoo
Founded: January 1994
Headquarters: California
Founders: Jerry Yang and David Filo
Current CEO: Marissa Mayer Ali Web May 1994`
Google
Founded in: September 4, 1998
Headquarter: California
Founders: Larry Page + Sergey Brain
Current CEO: Sundar Pichai
Microsoft
Founded on: April 4, 1975
Headquarters: Washington D.C
Founders: Bill Gates + Paul Allen
Current CEO: Satya Nadella
Apple
Founded in: April 1, 1976
Headquarter: California
Founders: Steve jobs + Steve + Wozniat + Ronald Wayne
Current CEO: Tim Cook or Timothy Donald Cook
Amazon
Founded in: July 5, 1994
Headquarter: Washington D.C
Founder: Jeff Bezos
Current CEO: Andy Jassy
Ali Baba
Founded on: 28 June 1999
Founder: Jack Ma
Current CEO: Daniel Zhang
Facebook
Founded in: Feb 4, 2004
Headquarter: California
Founder: Mark Zuckerberg Current
CEO: Mark Zuckerberg
YouTube
Founded in: February 2005
Headquarters: California
Founders: chad Hurley + Steve Chen + Jawed Karim Current
CEO: Susan Wojcicki
Twitter
Founded in: March 21, 2006
Headquarters: California
Founders: Jack Dorsey + Noah Glass + Biz Stone + Evan Williams
Current CEO: Jack Dorsey
WhatsApp
Founded in: January 2009
Headquarters: California
Founders: Jan Koum + Brian Acton
Current CEO: Will Cathcart
Hewlett-Packard (HP)
Founded on July 2, 1939
Headquarter: California
Founders: Bill Hewlett and David Packard
Current CEO: Enrique Lores
Samsung
Founded on: March 1, 1938
Headquarters: South Korea
Founders: Lee Byung-Chul
IBM (International Business Machine) was Founded on June 16, 1911
Headquarters: New York (USA)
Founders: Charles Ranlett flint
Current CEO: Arvind Krishna
Wikipedia
Founded in: January 15, 2001
Headquarters: Jimmy Wales and Larry Sanger
Current CEO: Katherina Maher
Dell
Founded in: February 1, 1984
Headquarter: Round Rock, Texas (U.S)
Founders: Michael Dell
Current CEO: Michael S. Dell
ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange)
Formed in 1968

Computer Abbreviations

Computer Full Form

Abbreviation

AAC Advanced Audio Coding

ABR Average Bit Rate

ADSL Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line

AGP Advanced Graphics Port

AI Artificial Intelligence

AIM AOL Instant Messenger

ALGOL Algorithmic Language

ALU Arithmetic Logic Unit

AOL America Online

AMD Advanced Micro Devices

API Application Program Interface

APT Automatically Programmed Tooling

ARP Address Resolution Protocol

ARPANET Advanced Research Projects Agency Network

ARQ Automatic Repeat Request

AS Autonomous System

ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange

ASP Active Server Pages

ASPI Advanced SCSI Programming Interface

ATA Advanced Technology Attachment

ATDT Attention Dial Tone

AUI Attachment Unit Interface

AUTOEXEC Autoexec Automatic Execution file

AVI Audio Video Interleave

BASIC Beginner’s All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code

BCC Blind Carbon Copy

BCD Binary Coded Decimal

BCR Bar Code Reader

BDSL Broadband DSL

BEDO Burst Extended Data Out (RAM)

BGP Border Gateway Protocol

BHTML Broadcast Hyper Text Markup Language

BIOS Basic Input Output System

BIPS Billion Instruction Per Second

BIU Bus Interface Unit

BMP Bitmap

BRD Blu-Ray Disc

CC Carbon Copy

CD Compact Disk

CD-R Compact Disk – Recordable

CDROM Compact Disk Read Only Memory

CDRW Compact Disk Rewritable

CD-WO Compact Disk – Write Once

CD-XA Compact Disk – Extended Architecture

CGI-BIN Common Gateway Interface – Binary (programming for Web forms)

CIS CompuServe Information Service

CISC Complex Instructions Set Computers

CMD Command

CMYK Cyan-Magenta-Yellow-Black (color model)

CNM Circulatory Network Mode

COAX Coaxial Cable (for Ethernet and similar networks)

COBOL Common Business Oriented Language

COMPUTER Commonly Operated Machine Particularly Used for Trade/Technology, Education, and
Research.

CPI Clock / Cycle Per Instruction

CPU Central Processing Unit

CROM Computerized Range of Motion

CRT Cathode Ray Tube

CSS Cascading Style Sheets

CTRL Control (computer keyboard key)

CUI Character User Interface

dB Decibel

DBMS Data Base Management System

DDL Data Definition Language

DHTML Dynamics Hyper Text Markup Language

DML Data Manipulation Language

DNS Domain Name System

DOC Data Optimizing Computer

Doc Document

DOS Disk Operating System

DRAM Dynamic Random Access Memory

DVD Digital Video/Versatile Disc

DVDR Digital Versatile Disk Recordable

DVDRW Digital Versatile Disk Rewritable

DCE Data Communications Equipment

DVI Digital Visual Interface

DVR Digital Video Recorder

E-Commerce Electronic Commerce

EDC Electronic Digital Computer

EDI Electronic Data Interchange

EDP Electronic Data Processing

EEPROM Electronically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory

EFS Encrypted File System

EIDE Enhanced Integrated Drive Electronics

E-Mail Electronic Mail

EPROM Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory

EROM Erasable Read Only Memory

FDD Floppy Disk Drive

GB Giga Byte

GDI Graphical Device Interface

GUI Graphical User Interface

HD Hard Disk

HTML Hyper Text Markup Language

HTTP Hyper Text Transfer Protocol

I/O Input/Output (serial and parallel ports)

IC Integrated Circuit

IMAP Internet Message Access Protocol

INTEL Integrated Electronics

IOP Input Output Processor

IP Internet Protocol

ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network

ISP Internet Service Provider

IVR Interactive Voice Response

KB KILOBYTE

Kbps Kilobits/Kilobytes Per Second

LAN Local Area Network

LED Light Emitting Diode

LLL Low Level Language

LPT Line Printer

MAC Media Access Control

MAN Metropolitan Area Network

MB Motherboard/ Megabyte

MBASIC Microsoft BASIC (Microsoft)

MBPS Megabytes Per Second

Mbps Megabits Per Second

MICR Magnetic Ink Character Recognition

MMX Multimedia Extensions

MODEM Modulator Demodulator

MSCDEX Microsoft Compact Disc Extension

MS-DOS Microsoft – Disk Operating System

NAT Network Address Translation

NTP Network Time Protocol

OCR Optical Character Reader

OMR Optical Mark Reader

OOP Object Oriented Programming

OS Operating System

P2P Point to Point Protocol

PAN Personal Area Network

PC Personal Computer

PCB Printer Circuit Board

PCI Peripheral Component Interconnect

PHP Hypertext Preprocessor

PIXEL Picture Element

PNG Portable Network Graphics

PPP Point to Point Protocol

PRN Printer

PROM Programmable Read Only Memory

RAM Random Access Memory

RARP Reverse Address Resolution Protocol

RDBMS Relational Data Base Management System

RIP Routing Information Protocol

RISC Reduced Instruction Set Computer

ROM Read Only Memory

SAM Software Asset Management

SMTP Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

SRAM Static Random Access Memory

TCP Transmission Control Protocol

UI User Interface

URL Uniform Resource Locator

USB Universal Serial Bus

VCD Video Compact Disk

VDU Visual Display Unit

VIRUS Vital Information Resource Under Siege

 WAN Wide Area Network

WAP Wireless Application Protocol

WIFI Wireless fidelity

WLAN Wireless Local Area Network

WML Wireless Markup Language

WWW World Wide Web

FORTRAN Formula Translation

Computer Crimes

• Cyber security is the practice of defending computers, servers, mobile devices, electronic
systems, networks, and data from malicious attacks.
• Cybercrime is defined as an unlawful action against any person using a computer, its systems,
and its online or offline applications.
• Virus is a program that can harm our devices and files and infect them for no further use.
• Examples: Worm, ILOVEYOU, SQL Slammer, Stuxnet, Crypto Locker, Tinba, Welchia, and
Slayer
• Antivirus is a software utility program designed to protect a system from internal attacks from
viruses, Trojan horses, spyware, and so on.
• Examples: Norton, McAfee, and Kaspersky.

Internet
Network of networks
History of Internet
The work on the internet started in the 1960s during the cold war between Russia and America.
America wanted to communicate with its armed forces. A network of four computers was
developed in the beginning for this purpose.
ARPANET
Russia launched the sputnik satellite and America developed a first network known as
ARPANET during the cold war. It was developed for Advance Research Project Agency
(ARPA).

Computer Network
A computer network consists of two or more computers that are connected to share information
and resources.
Types of Computer Networks
➢ LAN → Local Area Network
➢ WAN → Wide Area Network
➢ MAN → Metropolitan Area Network
 ➢ PAN → Personal Area Network
LAN
It is the most type of network. It covers a small area. It usually connects the computers and
other devices within one office or a building or group of buildings. Speed 10 Mbps to 100
Mbps.
WAN
This type of network covers a large area. It connects computers and other devices in different
cities and countries. WAN usually consists of several LANs connected at speeds of 56 Kbps to
50 Mbps.
MAN
This type of network covers an area of a city. MAN is larger than LAN but smaller than WAN.
It is usually used to connect two or more LANs in a city or town.
PAN
It is a network that connects personal devices using wired and wireless technology. Range
about 30 Feet.

Types of operating systems

1. Stand-alone Operating System
2. Server Operating System
3. Mobile Operating System
Stand-alone Operating System
An operating system that works on a desktop or notebook computer is called a stand-alone operating
system. Some standalone operating systems can work with a server operating system and are called
client operating systems.
Examples:
• Disk Operating System (DOS)
• Windows
• Unix
• Linux
• Mac OS
• Chrome OS
Server Operating System
An operating system that is designed to support a network is called server operating system. It is also
called network operating system.
Examples:
• Windows server 2012
• OS X Server
• UNIX
• Linux
• Solaris
• Net ware
Mobile Operating System
An operating system used in handhold computers and mobile devise is called mobile operating system.
Examples:
• Android
• IOS
• Windows Phone
 • Black Berry
• Firefox OS

History of Computer

Abacus
Abacus was the first computing device. It was developed 5000 years ago. It was used to
perform simple addition and subtraction.
John Napier’s Bone
John Napier was a Scottish mathematician. He created logarithm tables to facilitate
calculations. He also created a device known as Napier’s bones.
Blaise Pascal
Blaise Pascal was a French mathematician. He invented the mechanical adding machine in
1642 known as the Pascaline calculator.
Von Leibnitz
Von Leibniz was a German scientist. He developed a calculation machine in 1694. It was the
first calculator that could multiply and divide also. It was similar to
Pascal’s calculator but it was more reliable and accurate.
Charles Xavier
A French scientist Charles Xavier developed a machine that could perform addition,
subtraction, multiplication, and division.
Punched Board
A French engineer Joseph developed the punchboard system for power looms. It was used to
create specific weaving patterns on cloths. Later on, the system was used in computing devices.
Charles Babbage (1791–1871)
In 1822, mathematician Charles Babbage invented a different engine for mathematical
calculations. In 1842, he developed the Analytical Engine that was automatic. Charles Babbage
was known as the Father of the Computer.
Herman Hollerith
1889, Herman applied the idea of punchboards in computers. He used punch cards in
computers for input and output.
John Vincent Atanasoff
Atanasoff was a professor at Lowa University. He invented the electronic computer. He
applied Boolean algebra to computer circuitry. Berry was a co-founder. Also known as ABC
(Atanasoff and Berry Computer).
George Boole
George Boole simplified the binary system of algebra. His rule states that any mathematical
equation can be stated simply as either true or false.
 Computer Generations

FIRST GENERATION Vacuum tube ENIAC & UNIVAC 1946–1959

SECOND Transistor IBM 7094 series, IBM 1400, CDC 1959–1965
GENERATION 164.
THIRD GENERATION Integrated Circuits IBM 370, IBM 360 1965–1971
FOURTH Microprocessor) IBM PC and Apple Macintosh 1971–1980
GENERATION
FIFTH GENERATION Artificial ULSI (Ultra Large Scale 1980–Present
intelligence Integration)

Different Types of Computers

1. Analog Computer
2. Digital Computer
3. Hybrid Computer
Analog Computer (1930)
Analog Computer, any of a class of devices in which continuously variable physical quantities such as
voltage pressure, speed, etc. (1930) Father: Mihailo Petrovic Alas
Digital Computer
Digital Computer use (on) and (off) and (on) means (1) and (off) mean 0. Examples: IBM and Apple
Macintosh are Digital Computers.
Hybrid Computer
Combination of both analog and Digital computers these computers are used in Robotics and Laborites.

Classification of Computers
1. Super Computer
2. Mainframe Computer
3. Minicomputer
4. Microcomputer or Personal Computer

Super Computer
• Most Powerful Computer
• Fastest Computer
• Used for Tanks, Weather forecasting, and Atomic research.
Examples:
• Roadrunner • Blue Gene
• Cray T90 • ASCI White
Mainframe Computer
• Also very big
• Powerful than Micro and Mini
• Used in institutions, Ranks, and Research institutions. Air companies control ticket systems
 with the help of mainframe computers.
Example:
IBM system =10
Minicomputer
Minicomputer are smaller than Mainframe
Example:
HP 3000
Microcomputer or personal computer
Microcomputer also called a personal computer.
IBM introduced 1st Microcomputer in 1981 which was IBM–PC. Types
Father of Personal Computer is Henry Edward Roberts
Types:
• Desktop
• Laptop
• Handhold

Keyboard
Inventor: Christopher Latham Sholes Input
Device–QWERTY: 101–105 Keys
Function Keys: F1–F12
ESC Key: ESC Key is used to terminate a command or current task.
Tab Key: Tab Key is used to move the cursor to the next tab stop.
Backspace Key: The backspace key is used to delete a single character on the left of the
cursor.
Enter Key: Enter Key is used to move the cursor to the beginning of the next line
Numeric Keys: Numeric keys are located on the right side of most keyboards. If Num Lock is
on the Keys are used to enter numeric data (+,-,*,/) if the Num Lock key is off, the numeric key
performs such operations:
End: It is used to move the cursor to the right corner of the screen.
Page Down: It is used to move the cursor one page down on the screen.
Page Up: It is used to move the cursor one page up on the screen.
↓ (Down Arrow): It moves the cursor down one line.
← (Left Arrow): It moves the cursor one character to the left.
→ (Right Arrow): It moves the cursor one character to the right.
↑ (Up Arrow): It moves the cursor one line up.
Home: It is used to move the cursor to the top of the screen.
INS or Insert Key: It is used to switch between Insert Mode and Overtype Mode. It is a toggle
Key.
Del: It deletes characters to the right of the cursor. It is also used to delete files.
 Pointing Devices

• Mouse • Trackball • Pointing Stick • Joystick

• Touch Pad • Touch Screen • Light Pen

Scanning Devices
BARCODE READER
Barcode reader uses laser bean to read bar codes.

MICR
MICR Stands for Magnetic-Ink character Recognition-used to read cheques.

OCR
OCR Stands for Optical Character Recognition. Used to scan documents or images.

OMR
OMR Stands for Optical Mark Reader: SAT, GRE etc.

Input DEVICES OUTPUT DEVICES

Keyboard MONITOR
Mouse PLOTTER
scanner PRINTER
microphone SPEAKER

What is Printer?
A printer is an output device that prints characters, Symbols, and Graphics on paper.
Types of Printers
1. Impact Printer
An impact printer works like a typewriter.
Different types of impact printers:
• DDL
• Dot Matrix Printer
• Daisy Wheel Printer
• Line Printer
2. Non-Impact Printer:
A non-impact printer prints characters and graphics on paper without striking paper.
Different types of non-impact.
• LTI
• Laser Printer
• Inkjet Printer
• Thermal Printer
Resolution of the printer is measured in dots per inch (DPI).
Speed of the Dot Matrix Printer is measured in characters per second (CPS).
Speed of the Lin Printer is measured in Lines per minute (LPM)
LASER → Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation.
Laser Printer is also known as page printer.
The speed of the LASER Printer is measured din Pages per Minute (PPM).

What is Plotter?
A plotter is an output device that is used to produce high-quality graphics in a variety of colors.
Plotters are used to create maps, architectural drawings, graphs, and charts.
Types of Plotters
• Flatbed Plotter
• Drum Plotter

Basic Units of Data Storage

Bit
The computer works with Binary Digits. These digits are in the form of 0 and 1. A binary digit
is called a bit. One bit takes one storage location in memory. It is the smallest unit for data
storage.
Byte
A collection of 8 bits is called a byte. It is used to store a single character. The capacity of the
memory or the storage is expressed in terms of bytes.
Kilobyte (KB): A kilobyte consists of 1024 bytes. It is denoted by KB.
Megabyte (MB): A megabyte consists of 1024 kilobytes. It is denoted by MB.
Gigabyte: A Gigabyte consists of 1024 megabytes. It is denoted by GB.
Terabyte (TB): A terabyte consists of 1024 Gigabytes. It is denoted by TB.

One Nibble Contains 4 bits.

IP address consists of 32 bits.

Bit 0 and 1

Nibble 4 bits

Byte 8 bits

WORD 16 bits

KB 1024 bits
 MB 1024 bytes

GB 1024 KB

TB 1024 GB

PB 1024 TB

EB 1024 PB

ZB 1024 EB

YB 1024 ZB

STORAGE DEVICES

Floppy Disk

Floppy disk is also called diskette. It consists of a thin plastic disk coated with magnetic material. It
was introduced by IBM in early 1970s. The standard size of floppy disk is 3 ½ inch.
Capacity 1.44 MB.

Hard Disk
Hard disk is a type of magnetic disk. A hard disk consists of several circular disks called platters. The
platters are used to store data. A platter in a hard disk is coated with a magnetic material. Hard disk
provides large storage capacity. 1500 GB or more. It is much faster than floppy disk.
CD–ROM
CD–ROM Stands for Compact disk-Read-only Memory. It can store about 700MB of Data.

DVD – Digital Versatile Disk/ Digital Video Disc

• Single sided single layer – 4.7GB
• Single sided double layer – 8.5GB
• Double sided single layer – 9.4GB
• Double sided double layer – 17.08GB
 Primary storage devices Secondary storage devices
It refers to the main memory such as ram & rom It refers to auxiliary memory, external memory or
secondary memory.

It holds data or instructions that are currently in use. It is used to store and retrieve data or information on a
long term basis.

It is a volatile memory. It is not volatile memory.

Data is directly accessed by the CPU. Data is not directly accessed by the CPU.
Common examples or primary storage include ram, Common examples of secondary storage
rom and cache memory. include HDD, CD, DVD, floppy disk, flash drives etc.

Memory
Memory is an area of a computer that stores data and instructions to be accessed by the processor as
well as the results of processing.
Structure of Main Memory
The main memory of a computer consists of thousands or millions of cells of storage locations. Each
cell can store a bit one bit can represent 0 or 1. Bit stands for Binary Digit. The memory cells are
logically organized into groups of 8 bits known as a byte.
Volatile Memory
Volatile memory loses its contents when the computer is turned off. RAM is the most common type of
volatile memory.
Non-Volatile Memory
It does not lose its contents when the computer is turned off. ROM, Flash memory, and CMOS are
examples of non-volatile memory.
RAM
RAM stands for Random Access Memory. It is also called direct access memory. Random Access
means that each byte in the entire memory can be accessed directly. RAM is a volatile memory. RAM
is also called main memory or primary storage.
• DRAM → Dynamic Random Access Memory
• DRAM → Dynamic Random Access Memory
• DRAM → Dynamic Random Access Memory
ROM
ROM stands for Read Only Memory
BIOS→ Basic Input / Output System. ROM contains a small set of instructions called ROM BIOS.
• PROM → Programmable Read-Only Memory
• EPROM → Erasable Programmable Read Only
• EEPROM→ Electronically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory.
Cache Memory
A cache is a small and very fast memory. It is designed to speed up the transfer of data and instructions.
It is located close to the CPU Chip. It is faster than RAM. The data and instructions that are most
recently and most frequently used by the CPU are stored in the cache.
Flash Memory
Flash Memory consists of non-volatile memory chips. Most computers use it to store startup
instructions as it allows the computer to update its constants easily. BIOS is stored in flash memory.

RAM & ROM DIFFERENCES

RAM ROM

Random access memory (RAM) is expensive when ROM is cheaper when compared to RAM.
compared to rom

The speed of random access memory (RAM) is The speed of Read-only Memory (ROM) is slower when
higher when compared to rom compared to RAM.

Random access memory (RAM) has a higher ROM has a lower capacity compared to RAM
capacity when compared to rom

Data in ram can be modified, erased, or read. Data in ROM can only be read, it cannot be modified or
erased.

The data stored in ram is used by the central The data stored in ROM is used to bootstrap the
processing unit (CPU) to process current computer.
instructions

Data stored on ram can be accessed by the central If the Central Processing Unit (CPU) needs to access the
processing unit. data on ROM, first the data must be transferred to RAM,
and then the Central Processing Unit (CPU) will be able
to access the data.

Data of ram is very volatile, it will exist as long as Data present in Read-Only Memory (ROM) is not
there is no interruption in power. volatile, it is permanent. Data will remain unchanged
even when there is a disruption in the power supply.

Internet
The work on the internet started in the 1960s during the cold war between Russia and America.
DARPA= Defense Advanced Research Project Agency. In 1989, all previous networks were replaced
by NSFNET of the National Science Foundation.
Father off Internet Vinton Gray Cerf. (U.S.A)
World Wide Web (WWW): Invented by Tim Berners-Lee and Robert Cailliau in 1989.
HTML→ Hypertext Markup Language. HTML was invented by Tim Berners Lee in 1989.
World Wide Web is being standardized W3C.
Email: Email stands for Electronic Mail. The first Email was sent in 1971. Ray Tomlinson is the
founder of Email. Invent in 1965.
Shiva Ayyadurai is also called the founder of Email, Yahoo, Hotmail, and Gmail are emails.
FTP: FTP stands for File Transfer protocol
Intranet: Intranet is a private and secure business network
Extranet: An extranet is a collection of two or more intranets.
HTTP: HTTP stands for Hyper Text Transfer Protocol. It is a communication protocol used to connect
to servers on the World Wide Web.

Organizations to define network standards

ANSI = American National Standard Institute

IEEE = Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
ISO = International Standard Organization
ITU = International Telecommunication Union
EIA = Electronic Industries Association
Network Topology
The physical layout or arrangement of connected devices in a network is called network
topology.
Different Topologies
• Bus Topology
• Ring Topology
• Star Topology
• Tree Topology
• Mesh Topology
Devices used to connect networks of computers
• Router
• Gateway
• Bridges
Routers: A router is a device that connects multiple networks that use similar or different
protocols. It manages the bet rout between any two communication networks. It consists of
hardware and software. The hardware can be a network server or a separate computer. The
software includes operating system and routing protocol.
Routers are used when several networks are connected together. They can connect networks of
different countries. They transfer data in less time.
Gateway: Gateway is a device that connects two or more networks with different types of
protocols. Two different types of networks require a gateway to communicate with each other.
It receives data from one network and converts it according to the protocol of other network.
Bridges: bridge is a device that connects two network segments. It is used to connect similar
types of networks.
LAN: LAN Stands for Local Area Network. It is the most common type of network.
It covers a small area.
WAN: WAN Stands for Wide Area Network. This type of network covers a large area.
MAN: MAN Stands for Metropolitan Area Network. This type of network covers an area of a
city. MAN is larger than LAN but smaller than WAN.
 SOFTWARES EXAMPLES

APPLICATION PRODUCTIVITY SPREADSHEET PRESENTATION DATABASE

SOFTWARE SOFTWARE SOFTWARE SOFTWARE SOFTWARE

Packaged software Microsoft word Microsoft Excel MS Power point MS Access

Shareware I Work pages I Work Numbers I Work keynote File Maker Pro

Freeware Libre office writer Google Doc Google Doc Oracle

presentation

Public domain Libre Office Cale Libre office impress Libre office base
software

Custom software My SQL

Programming Languages
Program: A set of instructions that tells a computer what to do is called a program.
Algorithm: The algorithm is a step-by-step procedure to solve a problem.
Flowchart: A flowchart is a graphical representation of an algorithm.

Programming Languages
Low-Level languages
• Machine Language
• Assembly Language
High-Level languages
• Procedural languages
• Object Oriented Language
• Non-Procedural Languages
(i). Procedural Languages
Procedural languages are also known as the 3rd GL. Procedural language tells the computer
what to do and how to do it.
Types:
• FORTRAN
• BASIC
• COBOL
• PASCAL
(ii). Object-Oriented Languages
Object oriental programming (OOP) is a technique in which programs are written based on
objects. An object is a collection of data and Functions. Example: C++
(iii). Non-Procedural Languages
Non-Procedural languages are also known as Fourth-generation languages or 4GL. Non-
Procedural languages tell the computer what to do not how to do it.
• SQL → Structured Query Language
• RPG → Report Program Generator
 Email
Email stands for Electronic Mail
Junk Email
A junk email is an unwanted email. It is also known as spam.
Email Address
Every email account has a unique address. An email address usually has two parts:
• User ID
• Identity of email service
Mailing List
A mailing list is a group of email addresses. An email sent to a mailing list is received by
everyone on the mailing list. Listserv is a popular software program to manage many educational
mailing lists.
• VOIP → Voice Over Intent Protocol
• E-Commerce → Electronic Commerce
• FTP → File Transfer Protocol
• IRC → Internet Relay Chat
• IM → Instant Messaging
• HTTP → HyperText Transfer Protocol
• HTML→ Hyper Text Markup Language
• URL → Uniform Resource Locator
• ISP → Internet Service Provider

Mozilla Firefox – Released → 2004

Internet Explorer – Microsoft → 1995 (Released)
Safari – 2003 by Apple
Google Chrome – 2008 (Released)

Windows Shortcut keys

➢ Copy: Ctrl + C
➢ Cut: Ctrl + X
➢ Paste: Ctrl + V
➢ Maximize Window: F11 or Windows logo key + Up arrow
➢ Open Task View: Windows logo key + Tab
➢ Display and hide the desktop: Windows logo key + D
➢ Switch between open apps: Alt + Tab
➢ Open the Quick Link menu: Windows logo key + X
➢ Lock your PC: Windows logo key + L
➢ Depending on your hardware, you can use Windows logo key + PrtScn to take a screenshot, or
use Fn + Windows logo key + Spacebar.
 MS Word Shortcut Keys
➢ Ctrl+A Select All
➢ Ctrl + B Bold
➢ Ctrl + C Copy text
➢ Ctrl+I Italicize highlighted selection
➢ Ctrl + F Find
➢ Ctrl + H Find and replace
➢ Ctrl + J Justify paragraph alignment
➢ Ctrl + X Cut selected text
➢ Ctrl + N Open a new/blank document
➢ Ctrl + O Open
➢ Ctrl + P Open the print window
➢ Ctrl + K Insert link
➢ Ctrl + U Underline highlighted selection
➢ Ctrl + V Paste
➢ Ctrl + G Find and replace options
➢ Ctrl+Shift+= Set chosen text as superscript.
➢ Ctrl+= Set chosen text as a subscript.
➢ Ctrl + L Align selected text or line to the left
➢ Ctrl + Q Align selected paragraph to the left
➢ Ctrl + E Align selected text or line to the center
➢ Ctrl + R Align selected text or line to the right
➢ Ctrl + M Indent the paragraph
➢ Ctrl + T Hanging indent
➢ Ctrl + D Font options
➢ Ctrl + Shift + FChange the font
➢ Ctrl + Shift + >Increase selected font +1
➢ Ctrl +] Increase selected font +1
➢ Ctrl + [ Decrease selected font -1
➢ Ctrl + Shift + * View or hide non printing characters
➢ Ctrl + (Left arrow) Move one word to the left
➢ Ctrl + (Right arrow) Move one word to the right
➢ Ctrl + (Up arrow) Move to the beginning of the line or paragraph
➢ Ctrl + (Down arrow) Move to the end of the paragraph
➢ Ctrl + Del Delete the word to the right of the cursor
➢ Ctrl + Backspace Delete the word to the left of the cursor
➢ Ctrl + End Move the cursor to the end of the document
➢ Ctrl + Home Move the cursor to the beginning of the document
➢ Ctrl + Space Reset highlighted text to the default font
➢ Ctrl + 1 Single-space lines
➢ Ctrl + 2 Double-space lines
➢ Ctrl + 5 1.5-line spacing
 ➢ Ctrl + Alt + 1 Change text to heading 1
➢ Ctrl + Alt + 2 Change text to heading 2
➢ Ctrl + Alt + 3 Change text to heading 3
➢ Shift + F3 Change case of selected text
➢ F4 Repeat the last action performed (Word 2000+)
➢ F7 Spell check selected text and/or document
➢ Shift + F7 Activate the thesaurus
➢ F12 Save as
➢ Ctrl + S Save
➢ Shift + F12 Save
➢ Alt + Shift +D Insert current Date

➢ Alt + Shift + T Insert the current time

➢ Ctrl + W Close document

MS EXCEL SHORTCUT KEYS

1. Ctrl + N: To create a new workbook.

2. Ctrl + O: To open a saved workbook.
3. Ctrl + S: To save a workbook.
4. Ctrl + A: To select all the contents in a workbook.
5. Ctrl + B: To turn highlighted cells bold.
6. Ctrl + C: To copy cells that are highlighted.
7. Ctrl + D: To fill the selected cell with the content of the cell right above.
8. Ctrl + F: To search for anything in a workbook.
9. Ctrl + G: To jump to a certain area with a single command.
10. Ctrl + H: To find and replace cell contents.
11. Ctrl + I: To italicize cell contents.
12. Ctrl + K: To insert a hyperlink in a cell.
13. Ctrl + L: To open the create table dialog box.
14. Ctrl + P: To print a workbook.
15. Ctrl + R: To fill the selected cell with the content of the cell on the left.
16. Ctrl + U: To underline highlighted cells.
17. Ctrl + V: To paste anything that was copied.
18. Ctrl + W: To close your current workbook.
19. Ctrl + Z: To undo the last action.
20. Ctrl + 1: To format the cell contents.
21. Ctrl + 5: To put a strikethrough in a cell.
22. Ctrl + 8: To show the outline symbols.
23. Ctrl + 9: To hide a row.
24. Ctrl + 0: To hide a column.
25. Ctrl + Shift + :: To enter the current time in a cell.
26. Ctrl +: To enter the current date in a cell.
27. Ctrl + `: To change the view from displaying cell values to formulas.
28. Ctrl + ‘: To copy the formula from the cell above.
29. Ctrl + -: To delete columns or rows.
30. Ctrl + Shift + =: To insert columns and rows.
31. Ctrl + Shift + ~: To switch between displaying Excel formulas or their values in cell.
32. Ctrl + Shift + @: To apply time formatting.
33. Ctrl + Shift +!: To apply comma formatting.
34. Ctrl + Shift + $: To apply currency formatting.
35. Ctrl + Shift + #: To apply date formatting.
36. Ctrl + Shift + %: To apply percentage formatting.
37. Ctrl + Shift + &: To place borders around the selected cells.
38. Ctrl + Shift + _: To remove a border.
39. Ctrl + -: To delete a selected row or column.
40. Ctrl + Spacebar: To select an entire column.
41. Ctrl + Shift + Spacebar: To select an entire workbook.
42. Ctrl + Home: To redirect to cell A1.
43. Ctrl + Shift + Tab: To switch to the previous workbook.
44. Ctrl + Shift + F: To open the fonts menu under format cells.
45. Ctrl + Shift + O: To select the cells containing comments.
46. Ctrl + Drag: To drag and copy a cell or to a duplicate worksheet.
47. Ctrl + Shift + Drag: To drag and insert copy.
48. Ctrl + Up arrow: To go to the top most cell in a current column.
49. Ctrl + Down arrow: To jump to the last cell in a current column.
50. Ctrl + Right arrow: To go to the last cell in a selected row.
51. Ctrl + Left arrow: To jump back to the first cell in a selected row.
52. Ctrl + End: To go to the last cell in a workbook.
53. Alt + Page down: To move the screen towards the right.
54. Alt + Page Up: To move the screen towards the left.
55. Ctrl + F2: To open the print preview window.
56. Ctrl + F1: To expand or collapse the ribbon.
57. Alt: To open the access keys.
58. Tab: Move to the next cell.
59. Alt + F + T: To open the options.
60. Alt + Down arrow: To activate filters for cells.
61. F2: To edit a cell.
62. F3: To paste a cell name if the cells have been named.
63. Shift + F2: To add or edit a cell comment.
64. Alt + H + H: To select a fill colour.
65. Alt + H + B: To add a border.
66. Ctrl + 9: To hide the selected rows.
67. Ctrl + 0: To hide the selected columns.
68. Esc: To cancel an entry.
69. Enter: To complete the entry in a cell and move to the next one.
70. Shift + Right arrow: To extend the cell selection to the right.
71. Shift + Left arrow: To extend the cell selection to the left.
72. Shift + Space: To select the entire row.
73. Page up/ down: To move the screen up or down.
74. Alt + H: To go to the Home tab in Ribbon.
75. Alt + N: To go to the Insert tab in Ribbon.
76. Alt + P: To go to the Page Layout tab in Ribbon.
77. Alt + M: To go to the Formulas tab in Ribbon.
78. Alt + A: To go to the Data tab in Ribbon.
79. Alt + R: To go to the Review tab in Ribbon.
80. Alt + W: To go to the View tab in Ribbon.
81. Alt + Y: To open the Help tab in Ribbon.
82. Alt + Q: To quickly jump to search.
83. Alt + Enter: To start a new line in a current cell.
84. Shift + F3: To open the Insert function dialog box.
85. F9: To calculate workbooks.
86. Shift + F9: To calculate an active workbook.
87. Ctrl + Alt + F9: To force calculate all workbooks.
88. Ctrl + F3: To open the name manager.
89. Ctrl + Shift + F3: To create names from values in rows and columns.
90. Ctrl + Alt + +: To zoom in inside a workbook.
91. Ctrl + Alt +: To zoom out inside a workbook.
92. Alt + 1: To turn on Autosave.
93. Alt + 2: To save a workbook.
94. Alt + F + E: To export your workbook.
95. Alt + F + Z: To share your workbook.
96. Alt + F + C: To close and save your workbook.
97. Alt or F11: To turn key tips on or off.
98. Alt + Y + W: To know what's new in Microsoft Excel.
99. F1: To open Microsoft Excel help.
100. Ctrl + F4: To close Microsoft Excel.

MS POWERPOINT SHORTCUT KEYS

➢ Ctrl+Tab: Switch between different open presentations

➢ Ctrl+N: Create a new presentation
➢ Ctrl+O: Open an existing presentation
➢ Ctrl+Q: Save and close a presentation
➢ Ctrl+S: Save a presentation
➢ Ctrl+Y: Repeat last action
➢ Ctrl+W: Close a presentation
➢ Ctrl+Z: Undo an action
➢ Ctrl+F: Search in a presentation or use Find and Replace
➢ Ctrl+F1: Show or hide the ribbon
➢ Ctrl+F2: Print Preview View
➢ Alt+F2: Open the Save As dialog box
➢ Alt+F: Open the File tab menu
➢ Alt+A: Go to the Animations tab
➢ Alt+G: Open the Design tab
➢ Alt+H: Go to the Home tab
➢ Alt+K: Go to the Transitions tab
➢ Alt+N: Open the Insert tab
➢ Alt+Q: Go to the “Tell me what you want to do” box
➢ Alt+R: Go to the Review tab
➢ Alt+S: Go to the Slide Show tab
➢ Alt+W: Go to View tab
➢ Alt+X: Go to the Add-ins tab
➢ Alt+Y: Go to the Help tab
➢ Ctrl+A: Select all text in a textbox, all slides in a presentation or all objects on a slide
➢ Tab: Select and/or switch to the next object on a slide
➢ Shift+Tab: Select or move to the previous object on a slide
➢ Home: Go to the first slide, or from within a text box, go to the beginning of the line
➢ End: Go to the last slide, or from within a text box, go to the end of the line
➢ Page Down: Go to the next slide
➢ Page Up: Go the previous slide
➢ Ctrl+Down Arrow: Move a slide down in the presentation (click on a slide thumbnail first)
➢ Ctrl+Up Arrow: Move a slide up in the presentation
➢ Ctrl+Shift+Up Arrow: Move a slide to the beginning of the presentation (click on a slide
thumbnail first)
➢ Ctrl+Shift+Down Arrow : Move a slide to the end of the presentation
➢ Ctrl+B: Add or remove bold to selected text
➢ Ctrl+C: Copy selected text, selected object(s), or selected slide(s)
➢ Ctrl+D: Duplicate the selected object or slide (for the latter, click on a slide thumbnail first)
➢ Ctrl+E: Center a paragraph
➢ Ctrl+I: Add or remove italics to selected text
➢ Ctrl+J: Justify a paragraph
➢ Ctrl+K: Insert a hyperlink
➢ Ctrl+L: Left align a paragraph
➢ Ctrl+M: Insert a new slide
➢ Ctrl+R: Right align a paragraph
➢ Ctrl+T: Open the Font dialog box when text or object is selected
➢ Ctrl+U: Add or remove underline to selected text
➢ Ctrl+V: Paste selected text, selected object(s), or selected slide(s)
➢ Ctrl+X: Cut selected text, selected object(s), or selected slide(s)
➢ Ctrl+Alt+V: Open the Paste Special dialog box
➢ Delete: Remove selected text, selected object(s), or selected slide(s)
 COMPUTER Mcqs From Past Papers
PMS
1. The function is a predefined formula which can calculate the value given in a specific order.
2. What is the name of a webpage address? URL (uniform Resource Locater)
3. Bit is also called? Binary Digit
4. A normal CD-ROM can store data up to? 680MB
5. CT-Scan stands for? Computed Tomography
6. Shortcut key to enter a new slide? CTRL+M
7. Largest hard-ware Company of computer? HP
8. Temporary storage place for information in a computer is? BUFFER
9. Odd one out: RAM – ROM – CACHE – HARD DISK
10. Time require for a computer to locate and transfer data is called? Access time
11. A device which encodes character by depression of keys? KEYBOARD
12. Area inside a computer frame and auxiliary where data and instruction are saved? MEMORY
13. Dangling Pointer arise when you use the address of an object after its lifetime is over.

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1. Digital computer invented by? Howard Aiken

2. Hard disk in a computer is Output device
3. Smallest unit of data in computer is BIT
4. Term used to denote the unauthorized and illegal accessing of computer is HACKING
5. LTE – Long term evolution
6. Method by which a data is converted from readable form to encoded form is ENCRYPTION
7. Oldest search engine – YAHOO 1994
8. Google 1998 Mosaic Browser 1993
9. Which of the following is not a Power point view – presentation or orientation view
10. Computer program that display data in rows & column is – Spreadsheet
11. In MS Word 2016 COLUMN is not present under insert menu
12. Computer program used to design invitation card is WORD Processing
13. Shortcut to switch to next window is ALT+TAB
14. Father of computer – Charles babbage
15. Shortcut to close selected window – ALT+F4
16. Shortcut to close the active window is CTRL+F4
17. In excel which function automatically total the values in rows and column – SUM
18. Which of the following is not a major reason for e-mail bounce – Domain Sever in down
19. Which of the following is not the correct way to link excel sheet to word – with the copy and
paste button on standard tollbar
20. NOS – Network operating system
21. In MS Excel if the numeric word starts with:
▪ & For concatenation
▪ # For Table
▪ = For formula
▪ (‘) For Label
22. To edit in an embedded worksheet object in a word document: Use the excel menu bar and
toolbar inside the word application
23. Bulk email known as – SPAM
 24. Which term describe the picture that has been resized by percentage – SCALLED
25. The Print Title option is used to show a specific row or column on every printed page – Print title
in page layout tab
26. PRINT INPUT is – Synatx
27. Virtual Printer is a computer software whose user interface as API resemble that of a printer
device
28. To select a column of the table from bottom to top – SHIFT + ALT+ Pg Up
29. Add or remove program is – UTILITY PROGRAM
30. A bus with 32 data lines can transport how many bit at a time – 32 bits
31. A computer cannot work without OPERATING SYSTEM
32. File format that can be added to Power-point – gif, jpg, wax wma
33. Wi-Fi – Wireless Fidelity
34. Software program that can control a piece of hardware is DRIVER
35. Program used to view WWW (Word-wide-web) is BROWSER
36. In computer system word BOOT is used to – Start a Computer
37. By default Drop Cap can be applied to – 3 LINES
38. In MS Word which view shows margins & rulers – PAGE LAYOUT
39. In Excel you can sort data – Both ascending and descending order
40. Software that assist you to perform repetitive computer related task is INTELLIGENCE
41. In MS word 2007, BOOKMARK is used to move directly to a specific location in a document
42. ISDN – Integrated service digital network
43. In Power-point THEME contain the predefined formula
44. In excel you can use horizontal and vertical scroll bras to view ROWS & Column
45. MAX function calculate the largest values in a set of numbers
46. From what location are the 1st computer instruction available on Boot-up – ROM-BIOS
47. VGA – Video Graphic Array
48. A computer mainly consists of electronic CIRCUITS (If circuit is not in options, choose device)
49. Function of logical unit in a computer – To perform arithmetic and logical operations
50. OUTPUT DEVICE – use to display data
51. In MS Excel 2016 which can use be used to split the window into two – View>window>split
52. Redo the last action – CTRL+Y
53. Tool find for similar words in a document is THESAURUS
54. Which Power-point feature allow the user to create simple presentation – AUTO CONTENT
WIZARD
55. Father of digital computer – CHARALES BABBAGE & JOHN VIVERT
56. AUTO-CORRECT reduce the spelling errors in MS Word
57. FTP – File transfer Protocol
58. In MS Word 2007, to select previous cell content press – SHIFT + TAB
59. Categories of function – PMT (CIO, CB,C9,1): FINANCIAL
60. In word processing what does an I-bearer facilitates – Highlighting text
61. To ensure that a graphic that you insert in a document is no distorted when you resize it: LOCK
ASPECT RATIO
62. In Power-point clipart option present in INSERT MENU
63. Disk cleanup is a UTILITY PROGRAM
64. Inventor of Java language – JAMES GOSLING
65. Inventor of C++ Language – DEN IS RITCHEE

Anti-Corruption Establishment

In MS Word to extend a selection to one line up: SHIFT + Up Arrow

Starting point of a website – HOMEPAGE
BASIC – Beginner all-purpose symbolic instruction code
Which enables us to send the same letter to different persons – MAIL MERGE
Which command can be set to prohibit/allow a cell entry – DATA-VALIDATION
The ALU of computer respond to the command coming from – CONTROL SECTION
World Wide Web (WWW) is standardized by – W3C
Types of Computer chips – Primary memory chip & microprocessor memory chip
In MS Excel, the cell name box appears LEFT TO THE FORMULA BOX
In MS Excel, the file you create and edit is called: WORKBOOK
In MS Excel, to create a formula you first: Select the cell you want to place the formula
In MS Excel comment put in the cell is known as: CELL TIP
What is handout master? LAYOUT OF HANDOUT
Shortcut key to display the Font Box: CTRL+D
To stop a Power-point slide show press – ESC KEY
In MS Power-point, mouse click option can be used by: Transition > on mouse click
Shortcut key to paste special – CTRL + ALT + V
OCR stands for – Optical character recoginition
Which of the following is not a type of chart – T-Graph
Number of rows in MS Excel – 1048576
Analog signals is measured in: VOLTS
Illustrations is in: INSERT TAB
Screenshot is in: INSERT TAB
Mail merge is in: MAILING TAB
DNS refers to – Domain Name System
Clipboard function is Power-Point is: COPY

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RAM & ROM are part of: Main Memory

Which of the following is used to change the margins in MS office – Page Setup Dialog Box
Fiber optics invented by – Narinder Singh Kapray 1952
Computer memory measured in: BYTE
Largest unit of memory is – TERABYTE
Electronic banking is known as – CYBER BANKING
USB – Universal Serial Bus
DVD – Dynamic versatile disk
GUI – Graphical User Interface
Keys from F1 – F12 are: FUNCTION KEYS
Term refers to the ability of computer to automatically configure new hardware is PLUG & PLAY

Excise & Taxation Department

Answering a received e-mail is called REPLY an e-mail

PNG – Portable Network Graphic
Brain of computer – CPU
Half-bit is known as NIBBLE
Excel features that allow user to evaluate and return result is FORMULA
Which of the following carries information between processor and peripheral – DATA BUS
Key to move selected paragraph Up – ALT + SHIFT + Up Arrow
Name of power-point file can be seen on – TITLE BAR
What do you see if you move mouse over a chat object? SCREEN TIP
In MS Office, to have your macros available to all new documents: Normal Template
BIOS stored in Flash Memory
To move between worksheet in a workbook of Excel we: CTRL + Page Up
A high quality CAD system was Digital Plotter for printing, drawing, and graph
Key to break the column – CTRL + Column
Extend selection to end of the document – CTRL+Shift+END
DPI – Dots per inch
What is the meaning of protect the worksheet – Lock the cells
Shortcut key to change Lower case to Upper case – SHIFT+F3
A light sensitive device that connect drawing printed tax or other image into digital form is SCANNER
What type of operating system MS DOS is Command Line Interface
Technology Used in Compact disk – LASER

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Number of columns: 16384

Inventor of WWW: Tim Ber Lee 1989
ALU is component of CPU
In MS word 2006, Multi-level list is present in HOME TAB
Data stored in the computer in the form of BINARY CODES
Print title option is present in: PAGE LAYOUT
Formatting a cell in currency, you can specify: Both Decimal places & currency symbol
Shortcut to create a new folder: CTRL + SHIFT + N
Change line height to 1.5 press – CTRL + 5

Local Government Department

Shortcut key to lock the keyboard: WINDOW + L

MULTI DEP LINING is a technique to send more than one call over a single line
Watermark option is present in DESIGN TAB
To show the stock market progress – LINE CHART
In word 2007, shortcut key for comment: ALT + CTRL + M
FDD – Floppy Disk Drive
Window Explore is a UTILITY PROGRAM
DPI – Dots per inch
Invalid line spacing in MS Word – TRIPLE
Orientation of page can be changed from – LAYOUT TAB

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Cover page option is present in – INSERT TAB

In MS Excel NEW () is used to insert current date & time
A word template store common document STRUCTURE
Which area in Excel allow entering value and formula – FORMULA BAR
Conditional formatting option is under – HOME TAB
Print preview shortcut key – CTRL + P
OS – Operating System
Term which refers to sharpness – RESOLUTION
Shortcut key to creating a chart from selected cell range – F11
CTRL +] is used to increase FONT SIZE
For block screen the shortcut key is B
A connection in which phone line is directly connected to modem for internet is called – DIAL UP
CONNETION
The device which provides internet connection – MODEM
To create a form wizard, we use how many table – MULTIPLE
 Live Stock Department

Which part of computer is used to transfer data – BOTH PHYSICAL & software
Which part is used for webpage and web address – Software engine & Software
Subscript – CTRL + =
Superscript – CTRL + SHIFT + +
In MS Word, to combine rows & columns of a table, we use MERGE option
Email consists of two parts – User ID & Domain Name
CTRL + pg up is used to Move curser one page up
A small file that help computer to communicate with hardware is DRIVER
Drop & Drag option is used to COPY & MOVE CONTENT

CIVIL DEFENSE DEPARTMENT

Computer memory is measured in GIGABYTE

Silicon Valley is in USA

AUQAF DEPARTMENT

In MS Word 2016, LOOSELY is not available in font spacing

In computing, which of the following connect two similar network segment – BRIDGE
A compact disk which can be written and read many times is called – CD-RW
Which programs are run by BIOS – to check hardware components are working properly
While computer is turned ON? POST – power on self-test
CTRL – SHIFT – ALT are called MODIFER KEYS
Zoom App founder – ERIC YUAN
Hyperlink shortcut – CTRL + K
Shortcut to switch next worksheet tab is CTRL + Page Down
Center Align – CTRL + E
WAN – Wide Area Network
Computer process can only understand – MACHINE LANGUAGE
A computer cannot do anything without PROGRAM

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ASCII – American Standard Code for Information Interchange found in 1963

Which of the following describe the size, weight and spacing in MS Word – FONT
In MS excel the UNDO option will change the last action
UNIVAC – Universal Automatic Computer
VGA – Video Graphic Array
Most powerful computer is SUPER COMPUTER
SUPERSCRIPT is not a Font Style
A computer mainly consists of electronic CIRCUIT

Labor & Resource Department

Identity of computer on internet – IP Address

Copyright shortcut symbol – ALT + CTRL + C
Docx. Is the symbol of extension – MS Word
To start a new slide – F5
HTML – Hypertext Markup Language
Optical fiber system is Telecommunication System
To copy a picture of screen press – PRINTSCREEN KEY
Which is not a multi-tasking operating system – DOS
Dot Marix is a type of: IMPACT PRINTER
Which menu provide you the option like Animation, Scheme, Slide transition – Slide Show Tab
Which device among the following is used to send digital data over phone line? MODEM
PNG – Image file extension
Functioning of loud speaker depend on – SIZE & SHAPE
Unit that control all parts of computer – CPU
RAM – Random Access Memory
Key to update the selected field – F9
Thickness of line is changed in SHAPE STYLE
ICS – Integrated Circuits is used in 3rd Generation
COMPILER change high level language to low level language
AGP – Accelerator Graphic Port – is a high speed point to point channel for attaching a graphic card to a
computer motherboard
The purpose of BUFFER is to act as a holding area, enabling the CPU to manipulate data before
transferring to computer
Google+ is another alternative source of FACEBOOK
Term refers to the clarity of image is RESOLUTION
Best orientation of fit maximum column in single sheet – LANDSCAPE
Shortcut key to move in previous cell – SHIFT + TAB
Output of data base application – REPORT
Father of C++ Language – DENISH RITCHI
CAI – Computer Assisted Instructions
Amazon is best example of E-COMMERCE
Part of computer which can be touched – HARDWARE
When you insert a picture in a document the default text wrapping option is – LINE WITH TEXT
HARD-DISK stores data permanently
An electronic path that send signals from one part of computer to another – BUS
HOME KEY move the cursor to – Beginning of the line
Internal memory of computer – RAM
First generation of computer – MACHINE LANGUAGE
Getting data from cells located in different sheets – Referencing

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Portrait and landscapes are – PAGE ORIENTATIONS

Spacing in excel column is called – STRINUPS
TEMP files are used to help recover lost data, if the program is abnormally halted
Speed of the line printer measured in – LINE PER MINUTE
Task manager is – Utility Program
To delete a character from right – CTRL+DEL/ DELETE

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A new presentation can be created from – BLANK PRESENTATION

Shortcut key to insert end note – ALT+CTRL+D
Hyperlink can be inserted to – Pic, drawing, object, text
Left indent shortcut key – CTRL + T
A collection of 16 bits is called – WORD
A single worksheet contain – 256 column

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URL – Uniform Resource Locater

Which of the following is not a search engine – WINDOWS
Which of the following is not a input device – MONITOR
WAP – Wireless Application Protocol is related to – Mobile phone to connect with internet
Internet is a global network of – Interconnected computer network

LAND RECORD AUTHORITY

Shortcut key for cut – CTRL + X

In which type of operating system time interval to process and respond to input is very small – Real Time
Operating System
OS – Operating system
DOS – Disk Operating System
In MS windows, which of the following is program group – Accession
PDF – Portable Document Format
A file which contain readymade styles that can be used for a presentation is called – TEMPLATE
MS Power-point is example of – MULTIMEDIA SOFTWARE
WordArt options exist in TEXT
In MS Excel, Insert tab include – CHARTS
Insertion point allows to enter new data at the current position of curser
Which of the following step is wrong to change the paper size – With a left click, select the described
paper size
FULL JUSTIFICATION alignment is used in newspaper margin & novels
IBM – International Business Machine
To search and view a web-page, the software used is – WEB BROWSER
Search Engine – maintain database of webpage contrary information on variety of topics
Creator of LINUX operating system – LINUS TQVALDS
In Banks, the data on cheque is read by – MICR (Magnetic Ink Character Recoginition)
In computer communication “Verification” is a process of AUTHENTICATION
In power-point 2016 “Rehease Timing” is available at: SLIDE SHOW TAB
A hyperlink – A Word phrase that when clicked displays another document

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Video has – ‘mpg’ extension

In MS word, to extend the selection to the end of a word – CTRL + SHIFT + RIGHT ARROW
User developed instructions in MS excel – MACROS
What is LINUX? An open source operating system
CTRL + R – Right Alignment
The 1st computer was invented by Charlas Babbage of BRITAIN
In Power-point, two kinds of sound files that can be added to presentation are – War files & Mid files
CTRL + D – Open Font Dialogue Box
Embedded formula can be removed in MS Excel by pressing – DELETE
What number key is used to insert % - 5
In MS word, a master document contain LINKS
Which of the following pane in not available in Excel – WORDART
Command to change the color scheme of slides in power-point is: COLOR SCHEME
CAD – Computer Aided Design
Smallest unit of storage – BIT
To delete a column in MS Excel – Right click the column heading you want to delete from shortcut menu
Following combination of keys is used to maximize & restore the selected window – CTRL + F10
Go to Page shortcut key – CTRL + G
To select the entire row – SHIFT + SPACE
In MS excel, you can copy & paste data by: with copy-paste command, from shortcut menu, with buttons
on standard toolbar
Search engine operated by Microsoft – BING
Specify italic text in MS Word – FONT STYLE
Which of the following feature will you use to apply motion effects to different objects – ANIMATION
SCHEME
CTRL + W – To close the current window
To move one word to the left – CTRL + LEFT ARROW
In MS Word, to replace straight quotes with smart quotes – AUTO FORMAT
CTRL + PAGE DOWN – one page down
With which view you can see how graphics and text appears on page – PRINT LAYOUT
Shortcut to create a chart – F11

Finance Audit & Account

In excel, there are TWO types of page orientations

An email cannot be sent without – Receiver Email Address
Which of the following is not a part of standard office suit – FILE MANAGER
Latest version of MS Excel – Excel 2019
IP – Internet Protocol
In Excel, chart wizard term data service refers to – A Collection of chart data
To create a presentation, by selectively ready-made font color and graphics effects – DESIGN
TEMPLATE
A computer program that connect an entire program into machine language – COMPILER
In most IMB, PCs the CPUs the device driver memory expansion slot and active component are mounted
on a single board, what is the name of that board? MOTHERBOARD
To work one record at one time use – DATA FORM
When the formula bar is active, you can see – Edit Formula Button, Cancel Button, Enter Button
Which button you will click to add a series of number – AUTO SUMMATION
The word processing task associated with the changing of appearance of document – FORMATING
A Dumb terminal has – A Keyboard and screen
VGA – Video Graphic Array
CPU – Central Processing Unit
Laser printer are – TONNER CARTIDGE
JPEG – Joint photographic expert group
GIF – Graphic interchange group
BMP – Bitmap
The act of retrieving existing data from memory is called – Read out, Read from, Read

Planning & Development Department

CTRL + Z – undo
Dot matrix is types of – Impact Printer
High speed memory inside CPU – Register
Key used to repeat the last action – F4
Shut down option is available on – START MENU
RAM – Volatile Memory
Shortcut key for opening start-up menu – CTRL + ESC
Shortcut key to check grammar – F7

Service & General Administrative Department

Combination of digital and analogue computer – HYBRID

Which of the following is used for internet – MODEM
Shortcut key for size CTRL] & [
To break the column or row – CTRL + SHIFT + Enter
We can change vertical alignment in – PAGE SETUP DIALOGUE BOX
URL – Uniform Resource Locater
CTRL + H – Replace
To delete one word from right – CTRL + DELETE
In MS word 2007, GADGETS can give information about weather
In a word document, FONT describe size, weight, and spacing of character
In MS Excel 2013, chart wizard term data categories refers to – HORIZONTAL AXIS
Speed of laser get printer – PAGE PER MINUTE
CLI – Callers Lines Identification
In windows operating system WINDOWS EXPLORER is called File Manager
Inventor of QWERTY Keyboard – Christopher Latham Sholes
The thin black cross-shaped printer in MS Excel is use to – Complete list and fill pattern
When creating a new table which method can be used to choose fields from standard database and table –
Create table using wizard
In which transmission mode in the communication two-way with the channel being used by both
connected devices simultaneously – FULL DEPLEX
A type of malware often distinguished as legitimate software is TORJAN HOUSE
Which of the function is not one of the Excel, what if, function: AUTO OUTLINE
AVI – is widely used for transmitting streaming videos on internet
CD – is an optical disk format that is used to hold a: Pre-recovered text, graphic, sound
Shortcut key for page break – CTRL + ENTER

PUNJAB PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISION

A webpage has unique address known as – URL

Which of the following is agreed upon format for transmitting data between two devices – PROTOCOL
Shortcut key for outline view – ALT + CTRL + O
In Excel, you can use vertical and horizontal scroll bar to view – different rows and column
Handhold devices are called – HARDWARE
In Excel, shortcut key to next worksheet – CTRL + PAGE DOWN
Default font style of MS Word – CALIBRI
Change Font in MS Word – CTRL + SHIFT + P
Red Line under the word indicate – Spelling error
Different computer connect with each other is called – NETWORK
To move to the previous tab – SHIFT + TAB
 Education Department

The option of “MY COMPUTER” introduced in – Window 95

Date and Time can be changed from – Control Panel
BIT can be – 0 & 1
In MS Excel 2016, we can go to cell A1 by pressing: CTRL + HOME
DMA – Direct Memory Access
1st E-mail sent in: 1971
In MS Word 2013, quick access toolbar allows you to access common – COMMANDS
BUFFER – as buffer between CPU & MAIN MEMORY

MISCELANEOUS PAPERS

Computer divide with the combination of devices – INPUT & OUTPUT

In MS Word 2007, you can add cover page to your report from – INSERT TAB
LAN is a data communication system within a building or between nearby building
In Excel, a worksheet range is: A group of cells
Spelling and grammar check option is under – REVIEW TAB
A print is an example of HARDCOPY
In MS Excel, what is document outline view – A View with a structure of heading at various points
A hard disk is divided into – TRACKS & SECTORS
ISBN – International Standard Book Number
In windows 7, which among the following are gadgets – Weather – Calendar
PSD – Photoshop document – is an example of Graphic & Bitmap
To open a template in word first go to file and then click – NEW
Blue wavy line under the word indicates – Spacing error
All of the following constitute security risk and possible violations of privacy except: SPAM
Which American Computer Company is called Big Blue – IBM
Embedded formula in Excel can be removed by pressing – DELETE
What does BOOT means in Computing? To load an operating system
A Computer virus is – A Computer Program
CD is optical disk format that is used to hold? Pre-record text, Graphics, Sound
Major language of WWW – HTML
Spreadsheet software – MS Excel
A term used for process of transferring documents and graphics from your computer to serve on internet?
UPLOADING
Which is agreed upon format for transferring data between two devices? PROTOCOL
FACEBOOK – 2004 by Mark Zuckerberg, USA
What is an example of Micro-Blogging? TWITTER – 2006 California founded by Jack Dorsey, Biz Stone
YAHOO – 18 January 1995
Page margins in MS Word include – Top, Left, Right
In Power-point the selected design can be applied to – Current slide only, to all new presentation you
create
LED – Light Emitting Diode
Closest meaning to Word Monitor? OBSERVE
LTE – Long term evolution
Max font size applied in MS-Word? 1638
To copy a picture of screen to clipboard – Print Screen Key
CRT – Cathode Ray Tube
What is a Terabyte? Roughly a Trillion Byte
Common name of software error? BUGS
Power-point presentation widely used? Note outline teacher – project presentation – communication
planning
Insert new slide – CTRL + M
Insert new document – CTRL + N
Bulk email known as – SPAM
Which is not an application software – Window NT
Not example of internet browser? FIRE ZILLA
MS-Power point example of? MULTIMEDIA
Excel evaluate the formula? 20*10/5*8 = 320
Drop cap can be applied? Minimum – 3 lines Maximum – 10 lines
The word platinum is related to – MICROPROCESSOR
You should save your computer from? VIRUS – TIME BOMBS – WORMS
Inventor of Mouse – Douglas Carl Engelbart
Shortcut key to underline – CTRL + U
Which key is used to start a new line in MS-word? ENTER
MS-Excel will not be able to calculate which of the formula? SUM (SALE)-A3
8 Bits – 1 Byte 4 Bits – Nibble
Firewall in computer used for purpose of? SECURITY
CTRL + L – Left Alignment
Add new hardware option exists in – Control Panel
E-mail service used the sign? @
Rows in Microsoft Excel – 1,2,3…etc
Columns in Microsoft Excel – a,b,c,….etc
Sorting can be done? Alphabetically, Numerically, Date & Time
Which program run first after computer is booted and loading GUI? Desktop Manager
Basic operations perform by computer? Arithmetic, Logical, Storage
Fox Pro is a Language Software
Single layer single sided DVD store – 4.7GB
Which country has more computer? USA
F12 – Save as
Undo – Discard Something
Prevention of electric crime Act was passed in Pakistan in 2016
In which year the most widely available web browser, Mosaic released? 1993
A file deleted from the computer are stored in? RECYCLE BIN
A normal CD-ROM can store – 680MB
Famous e-mail program is – G-MAIL
Small files that despite on user hard drive when they visit website are best describe as? COOCKIES
A voice mail box in a voice mail system? Storage Location in Hard Disk
Which protect data and password? ENCRYPTION
The browser HISTORY keep a list of web pages you have visited
A certificate is guarantee use website is legitimate? DIGITAL
SHIFT + DELETE – Delete selection item permanently without placing to recycle-bin
You can insert header and footer from – INSERT MENU
Within a browser, what does a HOME do? Display content of your designated start page
Transferring of file from internet to computer is – DOWNLOADING
Minimum number of Rows & Columns in MS Word? 1 & 1
Smallest font size available in formatting? 8
Largest font size available in formatting? 72
Which is graphic solution for processor? CLIP ART
ALU of computer respond to the command coming from? Control Section
When you create warning box to prevent invalid data entry, messages shows in? A Yellow Triangle
In MS-Excel comment put in cells are called? CELL TIP
Following term refer to ability of computer to automatically configure a new hardware component added
to? Plug & Play
WORM – Write Once Read Many
ASCII was formed in 1952
One kilobyte = 1024 byte
Extensions of graphic files? Gif, Jpeg, Bmp
Information Technology starts? 1942
BAT extension usually used for BACK UP FILES
Printer used for best quality graphics? Laser Printer
Father of Internet – Vinton Grey Cref
A computer drive basic strength? Speed – Accuracy – Memory
A computer consists of many electronic – CIRCUITS
Material used in computer chips – SILICON
Output quality of printer measures in – Dots per Inch (DPI)
DMS – Document Management System include: Desktop Publishing
Unit that controls all part of computer: CPU
Which is processor? PENTIUM
Hanging indent shortcut key: CTRL + T
Left Indent shortcut key: CTRL + M
When using computer which is involve reducing electricity consumed environment waste generated?
Green computing
In MS-excel 2003, chart wizard term data categorize refers to? A Horizontal Axis
Example of database management system – ORACLE
Speed of laser jet printer? Page per Minute
Speed of Dot Matrix Printer? Character per second
Speed of Line printer? Line per Minute
Which is not used for editing picture? COREL Draw
Notepad is used for? Word Text
A FIFO replacement algorithm associate with each page the – time it was brought into memory
Which address is generated by CPU? Logical Address
RAD – Rapid Application Development
SDLC – Software development life cycle
Bluetooth is an example of – Personal area network
Binary value of 200? 11001000
Which acts as buffer between CPU and Main memory? Cache Memory
A computer is capable of performing almost any task provide? Reduce to series of logical Steps
WAP Service? Wireless Network
In MS-office lower case character to upper case character? Shift + F3
A single page of power-point presentation is called? SLIDE
AU – Arithmetic Unit LU – Logical Unit
One megabyte – 1024KB
Shortcut key for grammar check – F7
Handhold devices are? LAPTOP
A pixel is? Picture stored in secondary memory
Spelling and grammar check option available under? REVIEW TAB
Select the entire document – CTRL + A
Multitask operating system include – Window XP, Unix, Linux
Add new hardware – Control Panel
In word processing an I-Beam facilitates? Dragging and selecting text
To ensure a graphic you insert in document is not distorted when you resize? LOCK ASPECT RATIO
Clip ART option available under – Insert Menu
Disk cleanup is – Utility Program
ISP – Internet Service Provider
Robot is used for purposes? Military & Medical
Name of power-point slide can be seen on? TITLE BAR
PNG – is an example of Roster Graphics & Bitmap
DATA BUS – carries information between processors and peripherals
BIOS stored in? Flash Memory Chip
To zoom excel worksheet? Use mouse pointer in print view – use zoom button on print view toolbar – use
zoom command on view menu
Smallest addressable element of image? PIXEL
DSL – Digital Subscriber Line
Google was formed by Larry Page and Serge Bin. It is an? Search Engine
When collection of various computer seem in single coherent system to client is called? Distributed
System
Mainly which port is used in computer? USB
Michal Dell is famous name in? Computer Industry
Documents, Movies, images and photographs are stored at? File Server
Which peripheral port provides the fastest throughout laser printer? Parallel
What is electrostatic digital printer process? Laser Printing
Change the width of line paragraph in MS-2016? Distribution
Correct form of e-mail? [email protected]
In MS-Word where can you change the vertical alignment? Page Layout
Which card is used for internet? Network Card – Modem Card
In MS Excel zoom size limit is? 400