### SPRING BOOT VIVA QUESTIONS & ANSWERS (Based on Faculty Notes)

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#### 1. What is Spring Boot?

Spring Boot is an open-source Java-based framework used to create microservices. It allows
building stand-alone, production-grade Spring applications with minimum configurations.

#### 2. Who developed Spring Boot?

It was developed by the Pivotal Team.

#### 3. What are the key features of Spring Boot?

- Minimum configuration
- Embedded Tomcat server
- Production-ready packaging
- Convention over configuration model

#### 4. What does "convention over configuration" mean?

Spring Boot follows defaults and assumptions to minimize the need for configurations.

#### 5. What are the advantages of using Spring Boot?

- Avoids complex XML config
- Easy setup
- Auto-configures beans
- Offers annotation-based development
- Reduces dev time

#### 6. How does Spring Boot help reduce boilerplate code?

By using starter dependencies and auto-configuring beans and components.

#### 7. What is the difference between Spring and Spring Boot?

Spring requires manual setup. Spring Boot provides auto-configurations, embedded servers,
and simplifies development.

#### 8. What are Microservices?

Microservices are independently deployable small services that communicate with each other to
form an application.

#### 9. How are Microservices different from Monolithic architecture?

Monolithic is tightly coupled and deployed as one. Microservices are loosely coupled and
deployed individually.

#### 10. What are the benefits of Microservices?

- Simple scalability
- Faster deployment
- Easy to understand
- High productivity

#### 11. What does "services are autonomous" mean?

Each microservice is developed and deployed independently without affecting others.

#### 12. What are the layers in Spring Boot Architecture?

- Presentation Layer
- Business Layer
- Persistence Layer
- Database Layer

#### 13. What does the Presentation Layer do?

Handles HTTP requests and forwards to the business layer.

#### 14. What does the Business Layer do?

Contains service logic, authorization, and validation.

#### 15. What does the Persistence Layer do?

Handles DB transactions and CRUD logic.

#### 16. What does the Database Layer do?

Executes CRUD operations.

#### 17. Difference between DAO in Spring and Spring Boot?

Spring requires DAO and DAOImpl classes; Spring Boot doesn’t.

#### 18. Compare Spring and Spring Boot.

Spring: Manual config, complex setup.
Spring Boot: Auto-configured, embedded servers, fast dev.

#### 19. Compare Spring Boot and Spring MVC.

Spring MVC: Manual build, deployment descriptors needed.
Spring Boot: Default config, embedded server.

#### 20. What is auto-configuration in Spring Boot?

Spring Boot auto-configures classes based on dependencies.

#### 21. Why is embedded Tomcat useful?

No need for external server installation.

#### 22. What are Spring Boot starters?

Pre-defined dependency sets for various features (web, JPA, security, etc).
#### 23. How do starters help?
Avoid manual dependency management. E.g., spring-boot-starter-web.

#### 24. Give examples of starters.

- spring-boot-starter-web
- spring-boot-starter-data-jpa
- spring-boot-starter-security

#### 25. Naming convention of starters?

All starters follow: spring-boot-starter-*

#### 26. What is @SpringBootApplication?

A combo of @EnableAutoConfiguration, @ComponentScan, and @Configuration.

#### 27. What does @EnableAutoConfiguration do?

Auto-configures the application based on classpath.

#### 28. What is @ComponentScan?

Automatically scans the specified package and its sub-packages.

#### 29. What is @Autowired?

Used for dependency injection at runtime without new keyword.

#### 30. Difference between @RestController and @Controller?

@RestController = @Controller + @ResponseBody (returns JSON/XML not views).

#### 31. What does @RequestMapping do?

Maps HTTP requests to controller methods.

#### 32. What is @ResponseBody?

Binds return values to HTTP response body using converters.

#### 33. Use of @GetMapping/@PostMapping?

Used to map HTTP GET/POST requests to methods.

#### 34. Difference: @RequestParam vs @PathVariable?

@RequestParam = data from URL query string
@PathVariable = data from URI template

#### 35. What does @ResponseStatus do?

Defines the HTTP status returned by a method.

#### 36. What is @Component?

Tells Spring to automatically detect and register class as a bean.

#### 37. What are web services?

Open standards/protocols that allow applications to exchange data (via HTTP).

#### 38. What are data exchange formats in web services?

XML and JSON

#### 39. What is XML?

Structured markup language used in SOAP.

#### 40. What is JSON?

Lightweight, human-readable data format. Popular with REST.

#### 41. What is a service definition?

It defines request/response formats, structure, and endpoint.

#### 42. What are the characteristics of web services?

- XML-based
- Loosely coupled
- Platform-independent

#### 43. What is loosely coupled?

Services communicate without tight binding.

#### 44. Real-world example of web service?

ICICI ATM using SBI DB via web service.

#### 45. What is SOAP?

Protocol using XML. Strict and heavy. Uses WSDL.

#### 46. What is REST?

Architectural style using HTTP and JSON. Lightweight.

#### 47. Difference between SOAP & REST?

SOAP = protocol, strict, uses XML
REST = style, flexible, uses JSON/XML

#### 48. Why is REST preferred?

Lightweight, faster, less bandwidth.

#### 49. HTTP methods in REST?

GET, POST, PUT, PATCH, DELETE
#### 50. Common HTTP status codes?
- 200 OK
- 201 Created
- 400 Bad Request
- 404 Not Found

#### 51. What is RESTful API?

API that follows REST principles using HTTP.

#### 52. How to define endpoints?

Use @RestController with mappings.

#### 53. What is Spring Initializr?

Tool to bootstrap Spring Boot project.

#### 54. How does Spring handle GET requests?

Using @GetMapping to return data (JSON/XML).

#### 55. How about POST/PUT/DELETE?

POST = create, PUT = update, DELETE = remove.

#### 56. What is Swagger UI?

Interactive UI to test and document REST APIs.

#### 57. How to access Swagger?

http://localhost:8080/swagger-ui/index.html

#### 58. What does 200 OK in Swagger mean?

Successful response.

#### 59. What is DTO?

Data Transfer Object for passing data efficiently.

#### 60. Why use DTO?

Avoid multiple calls, group data, hide internal model.

#### 61. Benefit of DTO over entities?

Secure, compact data transfer.

#### 62. What is ORM?

Object-Relational Mapping. Maps Java objects to DB tables.

#### 63. What is JPA?

Java Persistence API. It’s a specification.
#### 64. What is Hibernate?
Implementation of JPA.

#### 65. What is Spring Data JPA?

Spring abstraction over JPA providers like Hibernate.

#### 66. What is JpaRepository?

Interface with built-in CRUD, pagination, and sorting.

#### 67. Syntax for JpaRepository?

public interface XRepo extends JpaRepository<X, ID>

#### 68. Role of application.properties?

Stores configuration (DB details, port, etc.)

#### 69. What is H2 database?

In-memory DB used for testing.

#### 70. What is pom.xml?

Maven file to manage project dependencies and config.

#### 71. What is the .m2 folder?

Local repo storing Maven dependencies.

#### 72. What is RestTemplate?

Used to consume REST APIs from other services.

#### 73. What is EntityResponse?

Represents complete HTTP response with status, body, and headers.

#### 74. What is Dev Tools?

Auto reloads app on changes for faster development.

#### 75. Why prefer RestController over Controller?

Simpler to return data (JSON/XML) directly.

#### 76. What is Lombok?

Java library to reduce boilerplate (getters/setters).

#### 77. Why use @RestController?

To handle REST requests and return JSON/XML directly.

#### 78. How to test APIs?

Using Swagger or hitting endpoints in browser/Postman.

#### 79. How does @RequestBody work?

Maps HTTP request body to a Java object.

#### 80. What is @PostMapping?

Handles HTTP POST requests.

#### 81. How to return 201 CREATED status?

Use @ResponseStatus(HttpStatus.CREATED)

#### 82. How to send query params?

Use @RequestParam in controller method.

#### 83. How to send path variables?

Use @PathVariable in controller method.

#### 84. How do you handle exceptions?

By creating a class extending RuntimeException.

#### 85. How to consume endpoints?

Using RestTemplate or API clients like Postman.