MT 451L: Manufacturing Automation Lab

Laboratory Experiment Manual

NAME Shahbaz Ali Wishal Qaiser

Rameesa Qureshi Saad Zaigham
Sahar Kamran Qasim Raza
ROLL NO 201109 201148
201142 201156
201145 201160
CLASS BEMTS-F-20-B

Lab Instructor: Mam Anam Maqbool

Department of Mechatronics and Biomedical Engineering

Air University, Islamabad

 Manufacturing Automation Lab (MT 451L)

Abstract
In Lab 6, the goal was to explore the use of timer functions, specifically the Timer Off
Delay and Retentive Timer (RTO) instructions in PLC programming. The lab tasks
included programming a LED to glow for a specific duration, implementing an
emergency stop siren with a timer, and controlling a flashing light using both Timer ON
and Timer OFF instructions. This lab highlighted the importance of timers in controlling
the timing of industrial processes, enhancing workflow efficiency, and ensuring
operational safety by managing the duration of various automated tasks. Understanding
these timer functions is crucial for optimizing manufacturing operations and minimizing
errors

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Department of Mechatronics and Biomedical Engineering
 Manufacturing Automation Lab (MT 451L)

Table of Contents
Lab # 06......................................................................................................................................4
Timer OFF AND RTO...............................................................................................................4
Objective.................................................................................................................................4
Software..................................................................................................................................4
Introduction............................................................................................................................4
Timer Delay.......................................................................................................................4
Types..................................................................................................................................4
Lab Tasks................................................................................................................................6
Exercise No. 1....................................................................................................................6
Exercise No. 2....................................................................................................................6
Exercise No. 3....................................................................................................................7
Exercise No. 4....................................................................................................................7
Conclusions............................................................................................................................8

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Department of Mechatronics and Biomedical Engineering
 Manufacturing Automation Lab (MT 451L)

Lab # 06
Timer OFF AND RTO
Objective
 To understand the operation of Timer OFF
 To understand the operation of Timer RTO
 Simulate the Timer OFF and RTO tasks in Allen Bradley PLC.

Software
 LogixPro
 RSLogix500

Introduction
Timer Delay
Timer delay refers to the use of timers to control the timing of events in a production process.
A timer delay can be used to initiate or pause a process, to trigger the start or stop of a
machine or equipment, or to control the speed of a conveyor belt or other moving parts.
Timer delays can be set to various time intervals, from a few seconds to several hours,
depending on the needs of the manufacturing process. They are often used in conjunction
with other automation technologies such as sensors, programmable logic controllers (PLCs),
and human-machine interfaces (HMIs). Timer delays can be used in a variety of
manufacturing processes, including assembly, packaging, and material handling. They can
help to improve efficiency and accuracy, reduce downtime, and waste, and increase
productivity.

Types
 Timer ON Delay
 Timer OFF Delay
 Retentive Timer Delay
Timer OFF Delay
Definition
 Counts time base intervals when the instruction is false.
 The Timer Off Delay instruction begins to count time base intervals when the rung
makes a true to false transition. As long as rw1g conditions remain false, the timer
increments its accumulated value (ACC each scan w1ti.l it reaches the preset value
(PRE). The accumulated value is reset when rung conditions go true regardless of
whether the timer has timed out.

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Department of Mechatronics and Biomedical Engineering
 Manufacturing Automation Lab (MT 451L)

Symbol

Each timer address is made of a 3-word element.

Word 1 is the control word.
 Bit 0-12: Internal Use
 Bit 13: DN- Done
 Bit 14: TT -Timer Timing
 Bit 15: EN - Timer is enabled.
Word 2 stores the preset value. (PRE)
 Specifies the value, which the timer must reach before the controller sets the done bit.
When the accumulated value becomes equal to or greater than the pre-set value, the
done bit is se.
 Preset value is from O - 32,767
 If a timer-preset value is negative an error will occur.
Word 3 stores the accumulated value. (ACC)
 This is the time elapsed since the timer was last reset. When enabled the timer updates
this continually.
 Time Base: is the timing update interval, this can vary from O - 1 second.

RTO Retentive Timer

Definition
 Counts time base intervals when the instruction is true and retains the accumulated
value when the instruction goes false or when power cycle occurs.
 The Retentive Timer instruction is a retentive instruction that begins to count ti.me
base intervals when rw1g conditions become true.
 The Retentive Timer instruction retains its accumulated value when any of the
following occurs:
1. Rung conditions become false.
2. Changing Processor mode from REM rw1 /Test / program mode.
3. The processor loses power while battery back-up is still maintained, and a fault
occurs.
 Note: To reset the accumulated value in RTO, you must use a reset instruction (RES)
with the same address.

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Department of Mechatronics and Biomedical Engineering
 Manufacturing Automation Lab (MT 451L)

Symbol

Each Retentive Timer is made of a 3-word element.

Word 1 is the control word.
 Bit 0-12: Internal Use
 Bit 13: DN- Done
 Bit 14: TT -Timer Timing
 Bit 15: EN - Timer is enabled.
Word 2 stores the preset value. (PRE)
 Specifies the value, which the timer must reach before the controller sets the done bit.
When the accumulated value becomes equal to or greater than the preset value, the
done bit is se.
 Preset value is from O - 32,767
 If a timer-preset value is negative an error will occur.
Word 3 stores the accumulated value. (ACC)
 This is the ti.me elapsed since the timer was last reset. When enabled the timer
updates this continually.
 Time Base: is the timing update interval, this can vary from O - 1 second.

Lab Tasks
Exercise No. 1
Write ladder program for LED to glow for 10 secs when the High time of the pulse at the
input is equal to 10 sec (Hint: Use RTO)

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Department of Mechatronics and Biomedical Engineering
 Manufacturing Automation Lab (MT 451L)

Software

Exercise No. 2
Implement using Timer Off
Let's say we have in the field an emergency stop. Once the E-Stop is pressed we want the
siren to go on for 5 seconds.
Software

Exercise No. 3
Implement using Timer Off
Let's say we have in the field an emergency stop (push button). Once the emergency stop is
pressed, we want the siren to go on after 5 sec for 5 sec.

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Department of Mechatronics and Biomedical Engineering
 Manufacturing Automation Lab (MT 451L)

Software

Exercise No. 4
Write a program that will tum on a flashing light for the first 15 seconds after a Push button is
turned on. The light should flash for half a second on and half a second off.
a) Implement using Timer ON
b) Implement using Timer Off

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Department of Mechatronics and Biomedical Engineering
 Manufacturing Automation Lab (MT 451L)

Software

Conclusions
We learned about the PLC programming functions for Timer Off and Retentive Timer in this
lab. We gained a better understanding of these instructions' useful applications in industrial
automation by learning how to build them in ladder logic and using them to control a simple
process. We understood how important it was to use timers to improve workflow and lower
the chance of error in a manufacturing process, hence increasing efficiency and safety. In
PLC programming, the Timer Off function is crucial for controlling industrial processes.
Production managers can minimize production faults and guarantee consistency in the
manufacturing process by controlling the duration of machine operations. In contrast, the
Retentive Timer function is intended to retain timing values in the event of a power outage,
guaranteeing that timing settings are preserved. We have gained vital knowledge and skills
from this lab session that will allow us to use the Timer Off and Retentive Timer
functionalities in actual industrial automation applications. Our ability to streamline
manufacturing procedures and raise industrial operations' effectiveness has improved..

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Department of Mechatronics and Biomedical Engineering