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Exp 7

The document outlines Experiment No. 7 for a DBMS Lab course, focusing on performing nested and complex SQL queries. It explains the concept of subqueries, their rules, and provides examples using a schema with students, teachers, and classes. The conclusion states that nested and complex queries were successfully implemented on the specified system.

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6 views3 pages

Exp 7

The document outlines Experiment No. 7 for a DBMS Lab course, focusing on performing nested and complex SQL queries. It explains the concept of subqueries, their rules, and provides examples using a schema with students, teachers, and classes. The conclusion states that nested and complex queries were successfully implemented on the specified system.

Uploaded by

abhisheksali18
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Subject: DBMS Lab Class: SE-Data Science

Semester: IV A.Y. 2024-2025


Experiment No. 7

 Aim: To perform Nested and Complex queries on the given schema for a specified
system
 Theory:

Subquery:

A Subquery or Inner query or a Nested query is a query within another SQL query and
embedded within the WHERE clause.

A subquery is used to return data that will be used in the main query as a condition to further
restrict the data to be retrieved.

Subqueries can be used with the SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE statements along
with the operators like =, <, >, >=, <=, IN, BETWEEN, etc.

There are a few rules that subqueries must follow −

 Subqueries must be enclosed within parentheses.


 A subquery can have only one column in the SELECT clause, unless multiple columns
are in the main query for the subquery to compare its selected columns.
 An ORDER BY command cannot be used in a subquery, although the main query can
use an ORDER BY. The GROUP BY command can be used to perform the same
function as the ORDER BY in a subquery.
 Subqueries that return more than one row can only be used with multiple value operators
such as the IN operator.
 A subquery cannot be immediately enclosed in a set function.
 The BETWEEN operator cannot be used with a subquery. However, the BETWEEN
operator can be used within the subquery.

Subqueries with the SELECT Statement

Subqueries are most frequently used with the SELECT statement. The basic syntax is as
follows:

SELECT column_name [, column_name ]


FROM table1 [, table2 ]

WHERE column_name OPERATOR

(SELECT column_name [, column_name ]

FROM table1 [, table2 ]

[WHERE])

A nested SELECT is a query within a query, i.e. when you have a SELECT statement within
the main SELECT. To make the concept clearer, let’s go through an example together.

The database includes three tables: students, teachers, and classes

Students

id name class_id GPA

1 Jack Black 3 3.45

2 Daniel White 1 3.15

3 Kathrine Star 1 3.85

4 Helen Bright 2 3.10

5 Steve May 2 2.40

Teachers

id name subject class_id monthly_salary

1 Elisabeth Grey History 3 2,500

2 Robert Sun Literature [NULL] 2,000

3 John Churchill English 1 2,350

4 Sara Parker Math 2 3,000


Classes

id grade teacher_id number_of_students

1 10 3 21

2 11 4 25

3 12 1 28

SELECT * FROM students

WHERE GPA > ( SELECT AVG(GPA) FROM students);

id name class_id GPA

1 Jack Black 3 3.45

3 Kathrine Star 1 3.85

SELECT AVG(number_of_students)

FROM classes

WHERE teacher_id IN (

SELECT id

FROM teachers

WHERE subject = 'English' OR subject = 'History');

Conclusion:

Hence, we implemented nested and complex queries on a specified system.

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