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The document explains the concept of local, global, and static variables in PHP. Local variables are confined to the function they are declared in, while global variables can be accessed throughout the program if declared as global within a function. Static variables retain their value between function calls, allowing for persistent state across invocations.

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14 views2 pages

BGD

The document explains the concept of local, global, and static variables in PHP. Local variables are confined to the function they are declared in, while global variables can be accessed throughout the program if declared as global within a function. Static variables retain their value between function calls, allowing for persistent state across invocations.

Uploaded by

fuaddacad85
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PHP Local Variables

A variable declared in a function is considered local; that is, it can be


referenced solely in that
function. Any assignment outside of that function will be considered to be an
entirely different
variable from the one contained in the function:
<?
$x = 4;
function assignx () {
PHP
33
$x = 0;
print "\$x inside function is $x.
";
}
assignx();
print "\$x outside of function is $x.
";
?>
This will produce the following result.
$x inside function is 0.
$x outside of function is 4.
PHP Function Parameters
PHP Functions are covered in detail in PHP Function Chapter. In short, a function
is a small
unit of program which can take some input in the form of parameters and does some
processing and may return a value.
Function parameters are declared after the function name and inside parentheses.
They are
declared much like a typical variable would be:
<?
// multiply a value by 10 and return it to the caller
function multiply ($value) {
$value = $value * 10;
return $value;
}
$retval = multiply (10);
Print "Return value is $retval\n";
?>
This will produce the following result.
Return value is 100
PHP
34
PHP Global Variables
In contrast to local variables, a global variable can be accessed in any part of
the program.
However, in order to be modified, a global variable must be explicitly declared to
be global in
the function in which it is to be modified. This is accomplished, conveniently
enough, by
placing the keyword GLOBAL in front of the variable that should be recognized as
global.
Placing this keyword in front of an already existing variable tells PHP to use the
variable having
that name. Consider an example:
<?
$somevar = 15;
function addit() {
GLOBAL $somevar;
$somevar++;
print "Somevar is $somevar";
}
addit();
?>
This will produce the following result.
Somevar is 16
PHP Static Variables
The final type of variable scoping that I discuss is known as static. In contrast
to the variables
declared as function parameters, which are destroyed on the function's exit, a
static variable
will not lose its value when the function exits and will still hold that value
should the function
be called again.
You can declare a variable to be static simply by placing the keyword STATIC in
front of the
variable name.
<?
function keep_track() {
STATIC $count = 0;
$count++;
print $count;
print "
";
PHP
35
}
keep_track();
keep_track();
keep_track();
?>
This will produce the following resul

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